The paper scrutinizes that the changes in any sub-system(i.e.agriculture,livestock and forest) have direct impact on biophysical and social processes in village ecosystem of the central Himalayan region.In view of thi...The paper scrutinizes that the changes in any sub-system(i.e.agriculture,livestock and forest) have direct impact on biophysical and social processes in village ecosystem of the central Himalayan region.In view of this,we studied the changes in spatial patterns of agricultural land use and dependency of agroecosystem on forest and animal husbandry over a period of two decades.Based on data analysis it was found that the cultivation of some traditional crops has either been abandoned in the area or declined by 25%-85% due to introduction of cash crops viz.,potato,kidney bean and apple farming with acreage increased up to 51%-72% in the last three decades.Livestock population of different categories has declined drastically by 17%-75%,and has resulted shortage of farmyard manure,deterioration of soil quality and fertility which leads to un-sustainability of agriculture system.The changes in agrobiodiversity have led to the dramatic increase in soil loss and runoff from the croplands together with the increase pressure on forests.The economic evaluation of each crop showed higher monetary benefit from cash crops as compared to traditional crops.Among all the evaluated crops,the monetary output/input ratio was found highest(3.04) for kidney bean and lowest(1.26) for paddy.Changes in land use and management have improved household income but at the cost of forest degradation,less productive animal husbandry and loss of agrodiversity in the region.Therefore,there is an urgent need to bring desirable changes in agricultural policy,research,land use and efficient management of the resources for maintaining sustainability in agro and Himalayan forest ecosystem.展开更多
The corn canopy taking in before and after grazing term in the production mode of"cornfield goose"was used as the research object.Hyperspectral techniques were used to analyze the spectral characteristics of...The corn canopy taking in before and after grazing term in the production mode of"cornfield goose"was used as the research object.Hyperspectral techniques were used to analyze the spectral characteristics of corn canopy leaves in different periods,and a full-band based Principal Component Regression model,Partial Least Squares Regression model and Support Vector Machine regression model were established to propose a fast,convenient and efficient hyperspectral imaging detection technique.The results showed that the nitrogen value of the grazing area was always lower than that of the control area,during the grazing period,the reflectance of the near-infrared spectrum increased,and the red edge position moved to the left.In terms of model establishment,the optimal model was obtained for different grazing periods.The positive set determining coefficient(Rc 2),the root-mean-square error correction(RMSEC),the prediction set decision coefficient(Rp 2)and the root-mean-square error prediction(RMSEP)were obtained by using SNV-BICA-PCA-PLS in the pre-grazing period.Their values were 0.9136,0.1750,0.8910 and 0.1052,respectively.The values of Rc 2,RMSEC,Rp 2 and RMSEP were 0.9006,0.0418,0.8508 and 0.1233,respectively,when they were obtained by using MSC-BICA-PCA-MSC in the post-grazing period.The research results provided support and help for the future"agriculture and animal husbandry integration"to optimize production management and establish a nitrogen nutrient balance model.展开更多
基金TSBF/GEP/UNEP and DST(SSD) for partial financial support
文摘The paper scrutinizes that the changes in any sub-system(i.e.agriculture,livestock and forest) have direct impact on biophysical and social processes in village ecosystem of the central Himalayan region.In view of this,we studied the changes in spatial patterns of agricultural land use and dependency of agroecosystem on forest and animal husbandry over a period of two decades.Based on data analysis it was found that the cultivation of some traditional crops has either been abandoned in the area or declined by 25%-85% due to introduction of cash crops viz.,potato,kidney bean and apple farming with acreage increased up to 51%-72% in the last three decades.Livestock population of different categories has declined drastically by 17%-75%,and has resulted shortage of farmyard manure,deterioration of soil quality and fertility which leads to un-sustainability of agriculture system.The changes in agrobiodiversity have led to the dramatic increase in soil loss and runoff from the croplands together with the increase pressure on forests.The economic evaluation of each crop showed higher monetary benefit from cash crops as compared to traditional crops.Among all the evaluated crops,the monetary output/input ratio was found highest(3.04) for kidney bean and lowest(1.26) for paddy.Changes in land use and management have improved household income but at the cost of forest degradation,less productive animal husbandry and loss of agrodiversity in the region.Therefore,there is an urgent need to bring desirable changes in agricultural policy,research,land use and efficient management of the resources for maintaining sustainability in agro and Himalayan forest ecosystem.
基金Supported by the National "863" Project(AA2013102303)Heilongjiang Natural Science Foundation Project(C2015006)+3 种基金Tibet Science and Technology Department Project(XZ201703-GC-11)National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0201004)China Postdoctoral Fund(2016M601406)Key Cultivation Project of Lingnan Normal University in 2019(LZ1903)
文摘The corn canopy taking in before and after grazing term in the production mode of"cornfield goose"was used as the research object.Hyperspectral techniques were used to analyze the spectral characteristics of corn canopy leaves in different periods,and a full-band based Principal Component Regression model,Partial Least Squares Regression model and Support Vector Machine regression model were established to propose a fast,convenient and efficient hyperspectral imaging detection technique.The results showed that the nitrogen value of the grazing area was always lower than that of the control area,during the grazing period,the reflectance of the near-infrared spectrum increased,and the red edge position moved to the left.In terms of model establishment,the optimal model was obtained for different grazing periods.The positive set determining coefficient(Rc 2),the root-mean-square error correction(RMSEC),the prediction set decision coefficient(Rp 2)and the root-mean-square error prediction(RMSEP)were obtained by using SNV-BICA-PCA-PLS in the pre-grazing period.Their values were 0.9136,0.1750,0.8910 and 0.1052,respectively.The values of Rc 2,RMSEC,Rp 2 and RMSEP were 0.9006,0.0418,0.8508 and 0.1233,respectively,when they were obtained by using MSC-BICA-PCA-MSC in the post-grazing period.The research results provided support and help for the future"agriculture and animal husbandry integration"to optimize production management and establish a nitrogen nutrient balance model.
