Spatial Disparity and Efficiency of Science and Technology Resources in China

In the knowledge economy era,science and technology(S&T) resources are getting more and more important in shaping regional competiveness and building regional innovation capacity.As such,the spatial distribution of S&T resources is a key to understanding regional development and disparities.By designing an input-output indicator system,this paper develops an evaluation model to examine the spatial distribution of S&T resources in China and assess their spatial efficiency.Moreover,the paper tries to explain spatial differences in the efficiency of S&T resources in China.Major findings are:1) the input and output of S&T resources in China shows a clear T-shaped spatial structure,i.e.,concentrated mainly in the coastal region and along the Changjiang(Yangtze) River;2) the efficiency of S&T resources in China displays strong spatial disparities,with the level of efficiency descending from the east to the west while high efficiency appearing in only several clusters;3) the utilization rates of S&T resources in most provinces are quite low,resulting in low efficiency of S&T resources allocation.The paper suggests that the utilization rate of S&T resources should be raised and the commercialization of S&T outputs should be enhanced to improve the efficiency of S&T resources in China.

Inevitability and Emergent Problems of Science &Technology Innovation Access to Integration

The causes and the problems of integration of scientific ＆ technical innovation （ISTI） and inevitability are proposed. The status of domestic scientific ＆ technical innovation is analysed. A series of emergent managerial problems caused by the system ISTI （SISTI） are pointed out. Because of Hall three dimensions structure＇s enlightenment, a three dimensional logical net diagram in which the system integration of innovation based on problem in real world but not on disciplinary logic is drawn. The intelligent group＇ s need span is greater under the conditions of relatively low material level than common groups who have lower degree of education. The SISTI is composed by multi-rule and intelligent multi-agent behavior. It is concluded that the logical relationships of integrated technology which based on the author＇s experience and observation must be considerded for a valid management of SISTI.

Promote the Development of Military Science and Technology Talents Civil-military Integration

Flexibly in recent years, the army strategy, earnestly implement the talent of military science and technology talents of military and civilian integration type development has carried on the positive exploration and obtained certain achievements. But there are low levels, pertinence is not strong, the introduction of fewer problems, it has both idea lag, the train of thought is not open, also has the system and mechanism is not perfect, imperfect laws and regulations and so on. We should start from mastering the characteristics of civil-military integration rule, renew the idea, and actively push forward scientific and technological personnel civil-military integration to a higher level, the deeper development.

Resource Allocation of Agricultural Science and Technology R&D

The status quo of resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D(research and development)both at home and abroad,including the amount and function of agricultural science and technology research funds,human resources in the resources of agricultural science and technology R&D,the efficiency of resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D,the management system of agricultural scientific innovation and the operation status of scientific funds,is analyzed.The problems in the current resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D are put forward,including unreasonable resource allocation;low efficiency,and low efficiency of the transformation of agricultural scientific achievements.The highly effective resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D is analyzed from the aspects of resource allocation structure,environment,channel,spatial layout and industrial chain.

Roles of Science and Technology in Soil and Water Conservation in the New Era

Firstly,current situation and main problems of science and technology development of soil and water conservation were analyzed,and then roles of science and technology in soil and water conservation were studied. At last,exploration ways of roles of science and technology in soil and water conservation were proposed.

GIScience and remote sensing in natural resource and environmental research:Status quo and future perspectives

Geographic information science(GIScience)and remote sensing have long provided essential data and method-ological support for natural resource challenges and environmental problems research.With increasing advances in information technology,natural resource and environmental science research faces the dual challenges of data and computational intensiveness.Therefore,the role of remote sensing and GIScience in the fields of natural resources and environmental science in this new information era is a key concern of researchers.This study clarifies the definition and frameworks of these two disciplines and discusses their role in natural resource and environmental research.GIScience is the discipline that studies the abstract and formal expressions of the basic concepts and laws of geography,and its research framework mainly consists of geo-modeling,geo-analysis,and geo-computation.Remote sensing is a comprehensive technology that deals with the mechanisms of human ef-fects on the natural ecological environment system by observing the earth surface system.Its main areas include sensors and platforms,information processing and interpretation,and natural resource and environmental appli-cations.GIScience and remote sensing provide data and methodological support for resource and environmental science research.They play essential roles in promoting the development of resource and environmental science and other related technologies.This paper provides forecasts of ten future directions for GIScience and eight future directions for remote sensing,which aim to solve issues related to natural resources and the environment.

Establishment of the "Fenlong Energy Theory" and Conjecture of the "Fenlong Dark Matter Flow"

It is the first time that the world’s first new method of farming,the"Fenlong farming technology,"has been systematically clarified,and the"Fenlong body integrating with natural science"has been created in terms of land resource activation,natural fertilization,natural water management,natural ecological improvement(including climate),and natural indirect activation of river water resources.Moreover,the"theory of Fenlong energy"has been established based on its effectiveness.The"theory of Fenlong energy"originates from the"multiplying and incremental utilization of three-dimensional spatial resources"in production practice.Its application to more than 40 kinds of crops such as rice,corn and wheat in 26 provinces including Guangxi,Xinjiang and Tibet shows that:the yield of arable land increases by 20%to 50%(the quality is improved by 5%),the yield of saline land increases by 20%to 100%,and it can retain 100%of water and resist or ease the disaster.The"theory of three-dimensional spatial resources","Fenlong science","Fenlong law"are the theoretical base for the establishment of the"theory of Fenlong energy".Based on the phenomena that the Fenlong crops have particularly developed root systems,white and more fibrous roots,and tall plants,it is proposed for the first time that Fenlong farming breaks the confinement of the bottom layer of the plow and realizes the holographic penetration of material,energy,and information flows,and there may be the speculation of"Fenlong dark matter flow".

Boosting China's National Strength in Strategic Science and Technology by Taking Advantage of the New System for Mobilizing Resources Nationwide

To take advantage of the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide to boost China's national strength in strategic science and technology,it is essential to strengthen the leadership by the Communist Party of China(CPC)and to guide the development of China's strength in strategic science and technology in line with the Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.For this purpose,high-level platforms for innovation should be built quickly,and refined through the introduction of major national projects.Furthermore,institutional frameworkssshould be continuously innovated,while open and inclusive development should be continued.

基于知识管理的学术信息资源整合体系——对ISI Web of Know ledge的评介

详细介绍了美国 ISI公司新近推出的“Web of Knowledge学术信息资源体系”的结构和数据库构成 。

E-Science下的网格资源整合

本文分析了E-Science环境下网格信息资源的构成及资源的描述工具元数据。从信息资源加工、管理及服务的角度把网格资源的整合划分为网格数据整合、网格信息整合和网格知识整合三部分,其中网格知识整合为资源整合的最高阶段,是未来资源整合的发展趋势。

The measure and characteristics of spatial-temporal evolution of China＇s science and technology resource allocation efficiency

According to the connotation and structure of science and technology resources and some relevant data of more than 286 cities at prefecture level and above during 2001-2010, using modified method--Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA）, science and tech- nology （S＆T） resource allocation efficiency of different cities in different periods has been figured out, which, uncovers the distributional difference and change law of S＆T resource allocation efficiency from the time-space dimension. Based on that, this paper has analyzed and discussed the spatial distribution pattern and evolution trend of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different cities by virtue of the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis （ESDA）. It turned out that： （1） the average of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in cities at prefecture level and above has always stayed at low levels, moreover, with repeated fluctuations between high and low, which shows a decreasing trend year by year. Besides, the gap between the East and the West is widening. （2） The asymmetrical distribution of S＆T resource allocation effi- ciency presents a spatial pattern of successively decreasing from Eastern China, Central China to Western China. The cities whose S＆T resource allocation efficiency are at higher level and high level take on a cluster distribution, which fits well with the 23 forming urban agglomerations in China. （3） The coupling degree between S＆T resource allocation efficiency and economic environment assumes a certain positive correlation, but not completely the same. The differentiation of S＆T resource allocation efficiency is common in regional devel- opment, whose existence and evolution are directly or indirectly influenced by and regarded as the reflection of many elements, such as geographical location, the natural endowment and environment of S＆T resources and so on. （4） In the perspective of the evolution of spatial structure, S＆T resource allocation efficiency of the cities at prefecture level and above shows a notable spatial autocorrelation, which in every period presents a positive correlation. The spatial distribution of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in neighboring cities seems to be similar in group, which tends to escalate stepwise. Meanwhile, the whole differentiation of geographical space has a diminishing tendency. （5） Viewed from LISA agglomeration map of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different periods, four agglomeration types have changed differently in spatial location and the range of spatial agglomeration. And the conti- nuity of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in geographical space is gradually increasing.

Natural Resource and Energy:Towards Sustainable Use and Development

The paper articulates the role of energy sector and its impact on the natural resources and biodiversity, focusing on traditional energy consumption in rural areas;renewable energy technology,gender dimension on rural energy,the energy sector in its geo-political, social and economic settings as well as technology policy on integrating energy planning.It advocates how sub-Saharan Africans are

新世纪以来我国铀矿地质科技创新重要进展及展望

新世纪以来,我国铀矿地质勘查领域重大理论和技术创新成果,极大地改变了我国砂岩型、热液型铀矿的找矿思路、找矿方向,引领、支撑了系列找矿重大突破,重塑了铀矿勘查新格局。文章首先分析了我国20余年来铀矿地质科研布局的总体思路与演进方向;然后总结了铀矿重大基础地质与成矿理论研究进展,系统凝练了地质、物化探、遥感、钻探工艺、分析测试等领域的技术创新及核心勘查装备研制成果,梳理了铀资源预测评价技术研究进展及应用成效;最后,在重大基础前沿和成矿理论、先进铀矿勘查技术研发、非常规核能裂变资源勘查技术研究、数字铀矿勘查技术开发等方面提出了未来10~15年主要发展趋势和方向,指出在“双碳”目标和核能大发展对铀资源保障需求背景下,必须继续坚持并加强铀矿地质科技创新,高质量引领和推动“新区、新层位、新类型、新深度”找矿突破。

科技自立自强背景下的新型举国体制:基本内涵、适用范围与构建思路

进入新发展阶段,实现高水平科技自立自强成为中国统筹发展与安全的战略支撑和必然要求。其中,构建和完善关键核心技术攻关新型举国体制是实现科技自立自强的关键举措。本文认为,科技自立自强背景下进一步健全新型举国体制需要把握以下重点:在基本内涵上,理解新型举国体制的关键是同时抓住“举国”这个原内核和“新型”这个新内核,正确认识两个内核的关系;在适用范围上,运用新型举国体制的前提是提出需求明确、仅靠市场竞争难以突破的战略科技任务,并注意适用范围的动态演化性;在构建思路上,要围绕充分发挥国家作为重大科技创新组织者的作用,以系统化思维推进相关改革,强化中央层面的决策指挥体系,完善技术攻关组织管理体系,建立适配新型举国体制的政策体系;在推进实施上,应根据事项轻重缓急和难易程度等因素,确定当前重点。

论中国式现代化进程中教育、科技、人才一体化建设

教育、科技、人才是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的基础性、战略性支撑,坚持三者一体化建设、一体化推进,是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的必然要求,是开辟发展新领域新赛道、塑造发展新动能新优势、推动经济社会高质量发展的解码密钥。教育、科技、人才均为强国建设之基石,三者统一于推进和拓展中国式现代化的伟大实践,整体服务于社会主义现代化国家建设。科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略要实现有效联动,坚持一体推进教育发展、科技创新、人才培养,一体设计原始创新、集成创新、开放创新,一体部署创新链、产业链、资金链、人才链。教育强国、科技强国、人才强国是全面建成社会主义现代化强国的题中应有之义,要加强党的全面领导,努力实现各方面政策举措的贯通融通。

高校服务新质生产力发展的能力审视与评价机制改革

新质生产力以科技创新为驱动,以高层次创新型人才为支撑,以战略性新兴产业和未来产业为载体,是高效能、高质量的新质态生产力。新质生产力的持续发展要求高校为之提供新质性的人才和科技支持,但长期以来基于效率取向的高校评价模式束缚了高校的生产力和服务力。深化高校评价机制改革,构建质量取向的新评价体系,是高校解放生产力,有效参与和服务新质生产力发展的必要举措。构建新的评价体系,当务之急是塑立基于“质量与贡献”的评价标准,改革政府主导的行政性评价,促进高校评价的生态化,强化高校自我评价的发展价值。

“岗课赛证”融通为导向的《软件测试技术》课程教学改革探究

推行“岗课赛证”综合育人,探索“岗课赛证”融通导向下的教学改革路径是培养高素质复合型技能人才的需要。以“岗课赛证”融通为导向的《软件测试技术》课程教学改革要求将岗位标准、比赛内容、证书要求融入课程。“岗课赛证”融通为导向的《软件测试技术》课程教学改革,要以“岗课赛证”融通为导向重构教学内容,建设“岗课赛证”融合的教学资源,优化教学组织形式,改革教学方法和手段,构建全过程多元化的教学评价体系,更好地提高教学质量和效果。

数字普惠金融如何赋能乡村产业振兴

厘清数字普惠金融发展赋能乡村产业振兴的作用机制,有助于缓解农村金融资源配置效率不高、金融基础设施不完善和金融服务体系薄弱与日益增长的乡村产业发展需求之间的矛盾。现有文献对数字普惠金融与农村经济现代化做了较为丰富的研究,但是鲜有将其与乡村产业振兴联系起来进行理论与实证的研究。本文从乡村产业生产、乡村产业延伸、乡村产业功能和乡村产业支撑四个维度构建我国乡村产业振兴水平评价指标体系,并多维度实证检验了数字普惠金融对乡村产业振兴的影响。主要有三点发现:一是数字普惠金融发展对乡村产业振兴水平和乡村产业振兴速度均具有显著的正向促进作用;二是数字普惠金融发展覆盖广度、使用深度和数字化程度对乡村产业振兴的边际效应呈现明显差异;三是数字普惠金融不仅可以直接缓解经营主体约束和激活市场活力促进乡村产业振兴,还可以通过农业科技创新、乡村产业融合和农业全要素生产率间接影响乡村产业振兴。

科技审度与新科技文化

审度科技文化,其要在审时度势,得出恰当的结论,作出必要的抉择。从科技审度的观点看,科学成为主流文化后所滋生的科技文化霸权,已使科学与文化渐行渐远。随着宽容文化理念的兴起,在科学与艺术、人文之间,出现了对话与融合的趋势。当下科学发展的主要方向,就是要重新找回科学所失去的文化内蕴,重建一种有文化的科学,即所谓新科技文化。寻求真善美的和谐统一,乃是科技发展中最主要的价值走向。

The Gray Relevancy Research on New Products Output and Science ＆ Technology Resources input in State-owned industrial Enterprises

This paper analyzes the correlativity between new products output and science ＆ technology resources input by the method of Gray Relevancy model, and finds that the spending for new products has greatest correlativity with new products output in large and medium sized state-owned industrial enterprises.