Integration of omics studies indicates that species-dependent molecular mechanisms govern male fertility

Background Comparative and comprehensive omics studies have recently been conducted to provide a comprehensive understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying infertility.However,because these huge omics datasets often contain irrelevant information,editing strategies for summarizing and filtering the data are necessary prerequisite steps for identifying biomarkers of male fertility.Here,we attempted to integrate omics data from spermatozoa with normal and below-normal fertility from boars and bulls,including transcriptomic,proteomic,and metabolomic data.Pathway enrichment analysis was conducted and visualized using g:Profiler,Cytoscape,EnrichmentMap,and AutoAnnotation to determine fertility-related biological functions according to species.Results In particular,gamete production and protein biogenesis-associated pathways were enriched in bull spermatozoa with below-normal fertility,whereas mitochondrial-associated metabolic pathways were enriched in boar spermatozoa with normal fertility.These results indicate that below-normal fertility may be determined by aberrant regulation of protein synthesis during spermatogenesis,and the modulation of reactive oxygen species generation to maintain capacitation and the acrosome reaction governs boar sperm fertility.Conclusion Overall,this approach demonstrated that distinct molecular pathways drive sperm fertility in mammals in a species-dependent manner.Moreover,we anticipate that searching for species-specific signaling pathways may aid in the discovery of fertility-related biomarkers within large omics datasets.

Rationally optimized generation of integrated Escherichia coli with stable and high yield lycopene biosynthesis from heterologous mevalonate(MVA)and lycopene expression pathways

The stability and high productivity of heterogeneous terpenoid production in Escherichia coli expression system is one of the most key issues for its large scale industrialization.In the current study on taking lycopene biosynthesis as an example,an integrated Escherichia coli system has been generated successfully,which resulted into stable and high lycopene production.In this process,two modules of mevalonate(MVA)pathway and one module of lycopene expression pathway were completely integrated in the chromosome.Firstly,the copy number and integrated position of three modules of heterologous pathways were rationally optimized.Later,a strain DH416 equipped with heterogeneous expression pathways through chromosomal integration was efficiently derived from parental strain DH411.The evolving DH416 strain efficiently produced the lycopene level of 1.22 g/L(49.9 mg/g DCW)in a 5 L fermenter with mean productivity of 61.0 mg/L/h.Additionally,the integrated strain showed more genetic stability than the plasmid systems after successive 21st passage.

Insulin-like signaling pathway regulates integration and learning in C. elegans

Animals can sense many environment stimuli simultaneously and integrate these signals within the nervous system. However, the neural system and molecular