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制度变迁方式的经典模型及其知识驱动性多维断移分析框架 被引量:5
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作者 杨立华 《江苏行政学院学报》 CSSCI 北大核心 2011年第1期74-81,共8页
基于文献整合分析,研究发现从变迁可控性、主体、速率、选择条件、供给方式以及变迁方向六个角度可将制度变迁方式划分为六组经典论述:(1)设计性与自发性;(2)单体主导性和多元互动性;(3)革命性与渐进性;(4)理性选择性与偏好选择性;(5)... 基于文献整合分析,研究发现从变迁可控性、主体、速率、选择条件、供给方式以及变迁方向六个角度可将制度变迁方式划分为六组经典论述:(1)设计性与自发性;(2)单体主导性和多元互动性;(3)革命性与渐进性;(4)理性选择性与偏好选择性;(5)强制性与诱致性;(6)退化性与进步性。将以上内容和有关知识作用的分析综合起来就构成了分析制度变迁的知识驱动型多维断移新框架的基本内容。但在该框架的应用中还应该注意四个问题:(1)不同维度的差异和关联性;(2)制度不同类型对变迁方式的影响;(3)制度不同层次对变迁方式的影响;(4)模型使用问题。 展开更多
关键词 制度变迁 制度变迁方式 知识驱动 断移 制度分析
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The Weak and Strong Nuclear Interactions
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作者 Amagh Nduka 《Applied Mathematics》 2014年第3期358-362,共5页
In relativistic quantum theories interactions are mediated by force particles called elementary vector bosons: Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) predicts the photon to be the carrier of the electromagnetic force;Quantum F... In relativistic quantum theories interactions are mediated by force particles called elementary vector bosons: Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) predicts the photon to be the carrier of the electromagnetic force;Quantum Flavordynamics (QFD), also called electroweak theory, predicts the Ws and Z0 as the carriers of the weak force;and Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) predicts gluons and mesons as the carriers of the strong force. All these particles are also called exchange or virtual particles. According to these theories the virtual particle appears spontaneously near one particle and disappears near the other. Even though it has consistently been claimed that experimental detection of these particles is a confirmation of each of these theories, we are, however, of the view that one cannot detect a particle that appears and disappears within a “black box”. In this paper we discuss the geometrical theory of weak and strong nuclear interactions. 展开更多
关键词 QED QFD QCD Discrete Geometry FERMIONS BARYONS Mesons ELECTROWEAK Vector BOSONS Standard Model intellect-driven Machine-Driven Renormalization Cosmic-Killing Space
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