Social Networks and Citizen Participation in the Collaborative Community Policing ——A Case Study of S Community in Beijing

It is of great significance to enhance collaborative community policing for crime prevention and better community-police relationships. Understanding the relational structure of collaborative community policing is necessary to pinpoint the pattern of interactions among key actors involved in community policing and improve the effectiveness of network governance. Based on 234 surveys of citizens of S Community in Beijing from April 2017 to May 2017, this paper empirically examines the characteristics of formal network and informal network of citizen participation in the collaborative community policing. Beijing is widely known for its active involvement of neighborhood volunteers in different types of community policing. We focused on four different types of interpersonal work relationships in this study： workflow, problem solving, mentoring and friendship, among resident committees, neighborhood administrative offices, media, police station, business security personnel, neighborhood volunteers, and security activists. The nature of relationships between individuals in networks can be treated as from instrumental ties to expressive ties. Expressive ties cover relationships that involve the exchange of friendship, trust, and socio-emotional support. We extended this intra-organizational insight into a community policing inter-organizational context. The collaborative network showed the trend of the distributed network. The clustering analysis showed that in the workflow network, we should make thll use of the close interaction between the citizens and activists in the community. Meanwhile, in the problem-solving network, mentoring network and friendship network, interactions between citizens and neighborhood committee are weak.

An Analytical Framework for Measuring Inequality in the Public Opinion on Policing—Assessing the Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic Using Twitter Data

As the COVID-19 pandemic sweeps across the globe, police forces are charged with new roles as they engage and enforce new policies and laws governing societal behaviours. However, how the police exercise these powers is an important factor in shaping public opinion and confidence concerning their activities across space and time. This research developed an analytical framework for measuring the inequality in the public opinion towards policing efforts during the pandemic using Twitter data. We demonstrate the utility of our framework using 3-months of tweets across 42 police force areas (Pfas) of England and Wales (UK). The results reveal that public opinions on policing is overwhelmingly negative across space and time, and that these opinions have been most exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic in three specific Pfas, namely Staffordshire, Thames Valley, and North Wales. We provided the link to the open-source script by which this research could be replicated and adapted to other study areas. This research has the potential to help law enforcement understand the dynamics of public confidence and trust in policing and facilitate action towards improved police services.

Policy Framework for Community and State Policing in Combating Rising Security Challenges in Nigeria

Viability of decentralizing policing in Nigeria had been on the front burner of security discourse since Nigeria returned to democratic governance in 1999.Valid points had been put forward by both those in support and those in opposition.The Community Policing Department of the Nigeria Police had remained more of an administrative unit with little impact beyond the Police Community Relations Committee activities.Rising cases of herdsmen attacks of various communities,terrorist insurgency in the North-East,kidnappings across the different geo-political zones had resulted in the need to interrogate the efficacy of effective community policing and state policing as viable options to combating rising security challenges.The study adopted qualitative method,and being a library research relied entirely on secondary data.Sources of data included journals,relevant textbooks,newspapers,magazines,and materials downloaded from internet.The paper argues that the traditional security agencies had failed to effectively combat the many security challenges that Nigeria faces.The combination of the official security agencies and the military had failed to effectively combat insecurity in the country.The local vigilante groups on the other hand had made valuable inroad in curtailing some of the security challenges including terrorist insurgency as a result of their knowledge of the terrain.The paper concludes that to effectively combat the many security challenges,there is a need for new policy framework at the federal and state levels that would decentralize policing and give legal backing for collaboration between the official security agencies under the federal government and state security outfits including the vigilante.

Study on the Community Policing Administration Innovation from the Perspective of the Public Security Governance

Since the 20th century, human public security accidents occurred frequently, so that the developed countries such as the United States, Japan, and Russia took the lead in strengthening the study of the public security administration. Since the 21th century, all walks of life have paid more attention to the public security administration in China, along with the deepened implementation of the reform and opening-up policy and the rapid development of economic construction and the effects from the outbreak of the SARS crisis and the frequent occurrence of many coal mine security accidents, etc. In this process, the non-traditional security issues and man-made crisis are gradually becoming the main threats currently to the public security of China, because the conflicts of interest and the social contradictions overlap and the social crisis such as cadres-masses and police-masses conflicts is being aggravated. At present, the Ministry of Public Security of China is pushing forward a community policing reform and great numbers of community polices in community policing administration will directly confront with the challenges of the public security administration complexity, and therefore, the promotion of community policing urgently needs the innovation of administration concept.

Regulation of Private Security Companies and Equitable Policing in Nigeria

Private security companies through the services they provide complement the police in crime prevention, order maintenance, and general improvement of security in societies thereby contributing to sustainable national development In order to fully benefit from their contribution and prevent them from engaging in illegal activities, states formulate and enforce policies that seek to regulate their activities. This paper examines the regulation of private guards companies in Nigeria using Abuja as its empirical core. The main aim is to promote understanding of how the private security industry is regulated and evaluate the effectiveness of the existing regulatory policy. Data for the paper were generated from in-depth interviews with the NSCDC （Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps）, analysis of the policy for PSCs （private security companies）, and a review of the annual performance report of the regulatory agency. The results revealed that the current system of PSC regulation is characterized by a lack of specialty classification of private security licences, limited regulatory scope with a focus on licensing of companies, lack of uniform standards on training, and high cost/difficulties in obtaining operational license. The paper concludes that the current regulatory setup for PSCs in Nigeria is ineffective and unsustainable and recommends an urgent review of the legal framework to alien its provisions with global standards and practices in the private security industry.

An Evaluation of Suicidality and Its Predictors in Police Officers in Lagos, Nigeria

Background: The many dangers and stressors associated with police work often place police officers at a great risk of a variety of mental health morbidity, including suicidality. The causation of suicidality is multi-dimensional, however, there are insufficient studies which have examined the burden and risk factors of suicidality in Nigerian police officers. Objective: To determine the prevalence and predictors of suicidality among police officers in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 600 police officers who were selected using a non-probability sampling method. Questionnaires used were: Suicide Behaviour Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and a Socio-Demographic Questionnaire. Results: Prevalence of suicidality was 14%, and the predictors of suicidality were: state anxiety (p 0.001), trait anxiety (p 0.001), substance use (p = 0.03), being unmarried (p = 0.03), and female gender (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Suicidality is prevalent among Nigerian police officers, with a higher risk in those who are vulnerable. The creation of government policies and infrastructure which promote mental health in police officers is necessary.

Enhancing Police Officers’ Cybercrime Investigation Skills Using a Checklist Tool

This paper addressed the current state of police officers’ capabilities, skills, and their readiness to deal with the developments of cybercrime. This study discussed definition of cybercrime, cybercrime categories as well as comparison between traditional criminal techniques and cybercrime. As the abilities and skills required for detectives to investigate cybercrime have been discussed. Additionally, literature review and related work, was addressed challenges role of the police in combating cybercrime and facing cybercrime policing. We proposed the main tool in the study which is “Checklist of essential skills for a cybercrime investigator”. Thus, to gain the ability to Identify technical and practical requirements in terms of skills, programs, and equipment to achieve effective and professional results in fight cybercrimes.

Strategies for Countering Freezing in Police Operational Activities

The term“freezing”refers to an innate defensive reaction characterized by the sudden cessation of all movements(Stote&Fanselow,2004;Eilam,2005).The freezing effect involving a police officer exposes him to a risk to himself and others.Materials and Methods:400 anonymous questionnaires administered to law enforcement personnel in Switzerland were evaluated with the aim of testing their knowledge about the freezing phenomenon.In addition,semi-structured interviews involving police personnel were conducted.The authors also analyzed two cases of police officers who had experienced freezing.Results and Conclusions:From the results obtained,it emerges that freezing is not known to most of the police officers interviewed.Therefore,specific and innovative training seems to be necessary.The authors described the brain mechanisms that are involved in freezing.Innovative integrated training modules have been proposed by applying some neuroscientific knowledge,particularly using the potential of mirror neurons.The authors propose a strategy for supporting police officers who have experienced an episode of freezing.The ultimate goal is to provide more scientific tools to protect police officers and civilians.

论高空抛物侵权场合公安机关违反调查职责的赔偿责任

《民法典》第1254条第3款规定了高空抛物侵权场合中“依法及时调查”属于公安机关的法定职责,违反该职责所引发的法律后果在《民法典》未作规定的情况下应回到一般法,即在《人民警察法》中予以确定。其中,相应的损害赔偿责任可经由《人民警察法》第50条引致到《国家赔偿法》中进行认定。当公安机关违反调查职责导致真正侵权人难以确定时,受害人、可能加害的建筑物使用人遭受的纯粹经济损失可以纳入《国家赔偿法》的调整范围。当符合《国家赔偿法》第2条规定的构成要件时,受害人、可能加害的建筑物使用人可以向违反调查职责的公安机关主张国家赔偿。受违反安全保障义务的建筑物管理人应承担补充责任的影响,可能加害的建筑物使用人主张的赔偿责任数额与其承担的补偿责任范围相同,受害人主张的赔偿责任数额是其从真正侵权人处获得的赔偿总额与建筑物管理人承担的补充责任数额及可能加害的建筑物使用人承担的补偿责任数额相加之后的差额。

强制留学:抗战时期日本的中国占领区留日警察政策

抗战时期,日本政府强令中国占领区各伪政权选派警察赴内务省警察讲习所留学,各伪政权大多以刚刚成立或财政困难为由,提出不派、缓派、少派请求,但在当地日军、日本使领馆和内务省派遣人员的压力下,不得不按照日本的原定计划选派。这些留日警察的接受、教育和管理,主要由外务省文化事业部和内务省警察讲习所协商负责。日本政府的目的是培养直接服务于其殖民统治和侵略战争政策的“协力者”,但它忽略了抗战时期中国人民族国家意识的增长,最终事与愿违。

司法警官职业院校高水平专业群建设的现状和路径——以警察类专业群为核心的考察

司法警官职业院校属于行业办学高职院校,其警察类专业之间共性要素多,专业基础相通,职业面向均为人民警察,教学资源高度共享,适合组群建设。目前,全国16所司法警官职业院校中有10所入选省级以上“双高计划”建设项目。其中,警察类专业群在省级高水平专业群中占主导地位,但存在专业群组织形式以“跨院系整合”为主、专业群课程体系不健全、服务行业水平不高等问题。加强高水平专业群建设的路径有:健全专业群组织管理机制;深化产教融合;推进科教融汇;加强专业群课程体系建设;构建专业群师资队伍建设机制。

台湾地区“大法官释宪”对警察权转型的影响

从1990年至今,台湾地区“大法官释宪”制度在限制警察权和保障人权等方面发挥了重要作用。在人身自由等基本人权保障方面,“大法官”议决坚持法官保留、正当法律程序、法律明确性和比例原则,使威权时期极度扩张的警察权受到严格规范和制约,进而实现转型。近年来在警察执法的隐私权保护领域,“大法官释宪”也取得了一定成绩。台湾地区“大法官释宪”制度的升级,将继续影响台湾地区警政制度的发展与走向。

失败的刑事司法?--性侵犯罪警察侦查比较研究

负责性侵犯罪案件立案、侦查工作的警察,在性侵犯罪实际案发数、犯罪嫌疑人与被害人关系以及被害人报假案等问题上容易出现认知错误,导致其在案件处置过程中倾向于怀疑报案的被害人、不积极侦查或者采取错误的侦查措施。最终结果是性侵犯罪案件在刑事司法系统中的不当耗损情况严重,被害人遭遇二次伤害,刑事司法正义价值的实现大打折扣。警察部门应当构建以被害人为中心的立案、侦查模式,细化工作规则,有效开展犯罪侦查,切实保护性侵犯罪被害人获得刑事司法救济的权利。

警务技战术课程强化思政育人的教学实践探索——以北京警察学院为例

警务技战术教学是公安院校德育教育的重要组成部分。警务技战术开展课程思政应立足于自身课程的价值属性,紧密围绕学生在校不同阶段的思政育人要求,深入挖掘思政元素,做到精准定位、有的放矢。探索公安院校警务技战术教学最为适合的课程思政建设路径,发挥实训教学知行合一、潜移默化的特色功效,努力达到立德树人、协同育人的根本要求。

协同警务天津模式探析——以基层警务与社会治理融合为视角

以“5110”系统平台为基础,以大数据为依托的协同警务作为公安警务运行机制由产生到不断完善已经初步形成了天津模式,由此形成的警务关系和警务理念也日益深入人心。协同警务助力了天津公安警务实践的现代化进程,尤其在基层实战信息化、基层警务处置和民警工作能力专业化、各警种之间工作网络化等方面推动了基层警务的提质增效,也成为新时代基层警务与社会治理相融合的必然选择。

大思政教育背景下公安智慧教学模式构建实施——以《电子数据勘查取证技术》课程为例

紧密结合公安部、科技部《科技兴警三年行动计划(2023-2025)年》,以培养政治过硬、素质优良的高水平公安科技创新人才为目标,选取《电子数据勘查取证技术》课程为实践样本,研究课程思政全过程融入公安智慧教学模式构建实施。实践应用中取得较好的教学成效,为培养德才兼备的科技创新型、实战紧缺型公安人才提供有益思考。

智慧社区警务建设现实困境及路径优化研究

智慧社区警务建设是社会安全综合防控体系建设中的重要环节,对促进社区安全管理、风险化解和优质服务群众发挥了重要作用。当前,智慧社区警务建设存在缺乏顶层设计、数据采集工作缺位、数据共享困难、社区民警大数据应用能力偏弱等诸多影响智慧社区警务建设效能的瓶颈问题。根据智慧社区警务建设核心要素,提出完善顶层设计、集约整合数据资源、构建社区智能安全防控体系、建立警务工作新模式、创新社区警务服务模式等优化策略,增强智慧社区警务建设效能,为更好推进智慧社区警务建设和发展提供新思路。

基于深度学习的交警动态手势检测与识别方法研究

文中基于深度学习方法设计了交警动态手势检测与识别算法,以Top-down的姿态估计方法获取交警人物关键点建立人体骨架图,采用时空图卷积的方式进行动作识别.设计交警目标检测算法、交警姿态估计算法和交警动态手势识别算法,对输入模型的骨架图设计了尺寸归一化,令算法对不同尺寸的骨架图具有相同的识别性能,提高了算法的鲁棒性.所设计的方法在限制容许错误率在10%、15%、25%以及50%的条件下能够达到最高96.32%的识别率.

基于学科融合体的警察培训模式研究

中华民族伟大复兴时代科技的飞速发展使公安实战业务涉及到多种学科的综合化,如何在有限时间内最大程度提高民警多学科的专业运用能力和综合素质,是当前警察教育培训面临的难题。针对这一难题,基于学科融合体的警察培训模式是一条行之有效的路径。这一模式主张深入分析警察培训课程特色及教学模式的特点,针对公安工作跨学科的基本特性,突出培训过程中科学、技术与实战应用的结合。建议公安院校要创新教学训练的思路和理念,进一步合理配置警察教育培训教学内容,更深层地体现出新时期警察教育培训的绩效性、科学性和实战性,同时基于公安院校自身的学科优势及科研成果的累积,架构“大教育、大培训”的公安教学训练新模式。

一种Apriori算法在监狱警察心理健康调查中的应用

为从复杂数据中挖掘监狱警察心理健康状况,提出一种改进的Apriori算法进行监狱警察心理健康监测和评估,并根据狱警心理表现症状进行疏导。针对传统Apriori算法计算量大、遍历数据长的问题,对数据库集心理健康调查结果进行矩阵化处理和和运算,采用自连接操作方式删除非频繁项集,降低数据计算量。将改进算法应用于监狱警察心理健康调查,应用结果表明:监狱警察普遍存在“内向、抑郁、焦虑、坚强”的心理特征,后续心理辅导工作中,需加强户外锻炼,多接触外界事物,培养活泼开朗、积极乐观的情绪。