Protecting Protectors:Smartphone-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Mental Health in the Chinese Police

Background:The mental health challenges faced by police officers due to high-stress work environments necessitate effective interventions.Cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT)has shown promise in addressing mental health issues,and this study aims to evaluate the efficacy of smartphone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy(SCBT)in improving mental health outcomes among police officers.This intervention could provide a reference for enhancing mental health literacy and resilience in this population.Methods:A randomized controlled trial(RCT)design was employed,involving 291 police officers who were randomly assigned to either the SCBT intervention group(n=145)or the control group(n=146).Participants completed pre-and post-intervention assessments using the Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90),which measures multiple psychological symptoms including somatization,obsessive-compulsiveness,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,phobic anxiety,paranoid ideation,and psychoticism.Statistical analyses were conducted to examine group differences in symptom severity and effect sizes.Results:Post-intervention results indicated significant reductions in somatization,obsessivecompulsiveness,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,phobic anxiety,paranoid ideation,and psychoticism,with large effect sizes observed in the intervention group.Notably,the intervention group showed significantly greater improvements compared to the control group,particularly in overall psychological distress as measured by the total SCL-90 score.However,significant reductions in interpersonal sensitivity and paranoid ideation were also observed in the control group,suggesting external factors may have influenced these dimensions.Conclusion:SCBT demonstrated efficacy in reducing psychological distress among police officers,offering a flexible and accessible mental health intervention.However,challenges such as high dropout rates and the complex,dynamic nature of mental health warrant further investigation.Future studies should explore targeted interventions for specific behavioral issues and consider SCBT as a supplementary tool alongside traditional psychotherapy.

Social Networks and Citizen Participation in the Collaborative Community Policing ——A Case Study of S Community in Beijing

It is of great significance to enhance collaborative community policing for crime prevention and better community-police relationships. Understanding the relational structure of collaborative community policing is necessary to pinpoint the pattern of interactions among key actors involved in community policing and improve the effectiveness of network governance. Based on 234 surveys of citizens of S Community in Beijing from April 2017 to May 2017, this paper empirically examines the characteristics of formal network and informal network of citizen participation in the collaborative community policing. Beijing is widely known for its active involvement of neighborhood volunteers in different types of community policing. We focused on four different types of interpersonal work relationships in this study： workflow, problem solving, mentoring and friendship, among resident committees, neighborhood administrative offices, media, police station, business security personnel, neighborhood volunteers, and security activists. The nature of relationships between individuals in networks can be treated as from instrumental ties to expressive ties. Expressive ties cover relationships that involve the exchange of friendship, trust, and socio-emotional support. We extended this intra-organizational insight into a community policing inter-organizational context. The collaborative network showed the trend of the distributed network. The clustering analysis showed that in the workflow network, we should make thll use of the close interaction between the citizens and activists in the community. Meanwhile, in the problem-solving network, mentoring network and friendship network, interactions between citizens and neighborhood committee are weak.

An Analytical Framework for Measuring Inequality in the Public Opinion on Policing—Assessing the Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic Using Twitter Data

As the COVID-19 pandemic sweeps across the globe, police forces are charged with new roles as they engage and enforce new policies and laws governing societal behaviours. However, how the police exercise these powers is an important factor in shaping public opinion and confidence concerning their activities across space and time. This research developed an analytical framework for measuring the inequality in the public opinion towards policing efforts during the pandemic using Twitter data. We demonstrate the utility of our framework using 3-months of tweets across 42 police force areas (Pfas) of England and Wales (UK). The results reveal that public opinions on policing is overwhelmingly negative across space and time, and that these opinions have been most exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic in three specific Pfas, namely Staffordshire, Thames Valley, and North Wales. We provided the link to the open-source script by which this research could be replicated and adapted to other study areas. This research has the potential to help law enforcement understand the dynamics of public confidence and trust in policing and facilitate action towards improved police services.

Policy Framework for Community and State Policing in Combating Rising Security Challenges in Nigeria

Viability of decentralizing policing in Nigeria had been on the front burner of security discourse since Nigeria returned to democratic governance in 1999.Valid points had been put forward by both those in support and those in opposition.The Community Policing Department of the Nigeria Police had remained more of an administrative unit with little impact beyond the Police Community Relations Committee activities.Rising cases of herdsmen attacks of various communities,terrorist insurgency in the North-East,kidnappings across the different geo-political zones had resulted in the need to interrogate the efficacy of effective community policing and state policing as viable options to combating rising security challenges.The study adopted qualitative method,and being a library research relied entirely on secondary data.Sources of data included journals,relevant textbooks,newspapers,magazines,and materials downloaded from internet.The paper argues that the traditional security agencies had failed to effectively combat the many security challenges that Nigeria faces.The combination of the official security agencies and the military had failed to effectively combat insecurity in the country.The local vigilante groups on the other hand had made valuable inroad in curtailing some of the security challenges including terrorist insurgency as a result of their knowledge of the terrain.The paper concludes that to effectively combat the many security challenges,there is a need for new policy framework at the federal and state levels that would decentralize policing and give legal backing for collaboration between the official security agencies under the federal government and state security outfits including the vigilante.

Study on the Community Policing Administration Innovation from the Perspective of the Public Security Governance

Since the 20th century, human public security accidents occurred frequently, so that the developed countries such as the United States, Japan, and Russia took the lead in strengthening the study of the public security administration. Since the 21th century, all walks of life have paid more attention to the public security administration in China, along with the deepened implementation of the reform and opening-up policy and the rapid development of economic construction and the effects from the outbreak of the SARS crisis and the frequent occurrence of many coal mine security accidents, etc. In this process, the non-traditional security issues and man-made crisis are gradually becoming the main threats currently to the public security of China, because the conflicts of interest and the social contradictions overlap and the social crisis such as cadres-masses and police-masses conflicts is being aggravated. At present, the Ministry of Public Security of China is pushing forward a community policing reform and great numbers of community polices in community policing administration will directly confront with the challenges of the public security administration complexity, and therefore, the promotion of community policing urgently needs the innovation of administration concept.

Regulation of Private Security Companies and Equitable Policing in Nigeria

Private security companies through the services they provide complement the police in crime prevention, order maintenance, and general improvement of security in societies thereby contributing to sustainable national development In order to fully benefit from their contribution and prevent them from engaging in illegal activities, states formulate and enforce policies that seek to regulate their activities. This paper examines the regulation of private guards companies in Nigeria using Abuja as its empirical core. The main aim is to promote understanding of how the private security industry is regulated and evaluate the effectiveness of the existing regulatory policy. Data for the paper were generated from in-depth interviews with the NSCDC （Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps）, analysis of the policy for PSCs （private security companies）, and a review of the annual performance report of the regulatory agency. The results revealed that the current system of PSC regulation is characterized by a lack of specialty classification of private security licences, limited regulatory scope with a focus on licensing of companies, lack of uniform standards on training, and high cost/difficulties in obtaining operational license. The paper concludes that the current regulatory setup for PSCs in Nigeria is ineffective and unsustainable and recommends an urgent review of the legal framework to alien its provisions with global standards and practices in the private security industry.

An Evaluation of Suicidality and Its Predictors in Police Officers in Lagos, Nigeria

Background: The many dangers and stressors associated with police work often place police officers at a great risk of a variety of mental health morbidity, including suicidality. The causation of suicidality is multi-dimensional, however, there are insufficient studies which have examined the burden and risk factors of suicidality in Nigerian police officers. Objective: To determine the prevalence and predictors of suicidality among police officers in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 600 police officers who were selected using a non-probability sampling method. Questionnaires used were: Suicide Behaviour Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and a Socio-Demographic Questionnaire. Results: Prevalence of suicidality was 14%, and the predictors of suicidality were: state anxiety (p 0.001), trait anxiety (p 0.001), substance use (p = 0.03), being unmarried (p = 0.03), and female gender (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Suicidality is prevalent among Nigerian police officers, with a higher risk in those who are vulnerable. The creation of government policies and infrastructure which promote mental health in police officers is necessary.

Enhancing Police Officers’ Cybercrime Investigation Skills Using a Checklist Tool

This paper addressed the current state of police officers’ capabilities, skills, and their readiness to deal with the developments of cybercrime. This study discussed definition of cybercrime, cybercrime categories as well as comparison between traditional criminal techniques and cybercrime. As the abilities and skills required for detectives to investigate cybercrime have been discussed. Additionally, literature review and related work, was addressed challenges role of the police in combating cybercrime and facing cybercrime policing. We proposed the main tool in the study which is “Checklist of essential skills for a cybercrime investigator”. Thus, to gain the ability to Identify technical and practical requirements in terms of skills, programs, and equipment to achieve effective and professional results in fight cybercrimes.

Strategies for Countering Freezing in Police Operational Activities

The term“freezing”refers to an innate defensive reaction characterized by the sudden cessation of all movements(Stote&Fanselow,2004;Eilam,2005).The freezing effect involving a police officer exposes him to a risk to himself and others.Materials and Methods:400 anonymous questionnaires administered to law enforcement personnel in Switzerland were evaluated with the aim of testing their knowledge about the freezing phenomenon.In addition,semi-structured interviews involving police personnel were conducted.The authors also analyzed two cases of police officers who had experienced freezing.Results and Conclusions:From the results obtained,it emerges that freezing is not known to most of the police officers interviewed.Therefore,specific and innovative training seems to be necessary.The authors described the brain mechanisms that are involved in freezing.Innovative integrated training modules have been proposed by applying some neuroscientific knowledge,particularly using the potential of mirror neurons.The authors propose a strategy for supporting police officers who have experienced an episode of freezing.The ultimate goal is to provide more scientific tools to protect police officers and civilians.

刑事司法领域自动化决策的风险与规制

自动化决策在中外各国的刑事司法领域已有广泛应用,其原因在于自动化决策符合刑事司法预防和打击犯罪、提高诉讼效率、实现案件公正办理的需求,也有相应的观念和技术条件予以支持。然而自动化决策在刑事司法中的应用可能带来准确性不足、公正性偏离和机械性三方面的风险,应采取措施对自动化决策进行规制,以达到补足准确性、保障公正性和消解机械性的效果,实现自动化决策在刑事司法领域的法治化应用。

论高空抛物侵权场合公安机关违反调查职责的赔偿责任

《民法典》第1254条第3款规定了高空抛物侵权场合中“依法及时调查”属于公安机关的法定职责,违反该职责所引发的法律后果在《民法典》未作规定的情况下应回到一般法,即在《人民警察法》中予以确定。其中,相应的损害赔偿责任可经由《人民警察法》第50条引致到《国家赔偿法》中进行认定。当公安机关违反调查职责导致真正侵权人难以确定时,受害人、可能加害的建筑物使用人遭受的纯粹经济损失可以纳入《国家赔偿法》的调整范围。当符合《国家赔偿法》第2条规定的构成要件时,受害人、可能加害的建筑物使用人可以向违反调查职责的公安机关主张国家赔偿。受违反安全保障义务的建筑物管理人应承担补充责任的影响,可能加害的建筑物使用人主张的赔偿责任数额与其承担的补偿责任范围相同,受害人主张的赔偿责任数额是其从真正侵权人处获得的赔偿总额与建筑物管理人承担的补充责任数额及可能加害的建筑物使用人承担的补偿责任数额相加之后的差额。

强制留学:抗战时期日本的中国占领区留日警察政策

抗战时期,日本政府强令中国占领区各伪政权选派警察赴内务省警察讲习所留学,各伪政权大多以刚刚成立或财政困难为由,提出不派、缓派、少派请求,但在当地日军、日本使领馆和内务省派遣人员的压力下,不得不按照日本的原定计划选派。这些留日警察的接受、教育和管理,主要由外务省文化事业部和内务省警察讲习所协商负责。日本政府的目的是培养直接服务于其殖民统治和侵略战争政策的“协力者”,但它忽略了抗战时期中国人民族国家意识的增长,最终事与愿违。

数字技术型涉外警务人才培养策略

在数字化时代,涉外警务工作对涉外警务人才的职业核心能力要求正在发生深刻变革。结合国家关于涉外警务人才培养的相关政策和数字化时代涉外警务人才需求,解析数据分析与预测、视频监控和图像识别、身份认证和生物识别、虚拟现实和模拟训练等数字技术在涉外警务工作中的应用情况,提出了提升跨文化沟通能力、网络风险识别与攻击防范能力、情报搜集和分析能力、应急响应和危急处理能力、国际执法合作与协作能力等数字技术型涉外警务人才培养策略,以期使涉外警务人才迅速适应不断变化的国际执法环境,更好地应对日益严峻的国际执法挑战。

大数据警务中比例原则的适用研究

比例原则有助于在警察权运行和公民权益保障之间寻找有效的平衡,是大数据警务中不可或缺的重要原则。从行政过程论的视角审视大数据警务的应用,存在一些基于比例原则的争议点:适当性缺失——执法权限扩张背离执法目的;必要性不足——执法手段不合理激化矛盾;法益失衡——技术滥用侵害了公民合法权益。为确保技术赋能与公民权益之间的和谐共存,亟需在大数据警务实践中深入应用比例原则,如将公众权益保障作为首要价值;完善警务数据收集与评估研判机制;强化执法手段的内外监督;提升综合执法效能;提高数据警察法治素养与处置能力。

台湾地区“大法官释宪”对警察权转型的影响

从1990年至今,台湾地区“大法官释宪”制度在限制警察权和保障人权等方面发挥了重要作用。在人身自由等基本人权保障方面,“大法官”议决坚持法官保留、正当法律程序、法律明确性和比例原则,使威权时期极度扩张的警察权受到严格规范和制约,进而实现转型。近年来在警察执法的隐私权保护领域,“大法官释宪”也取得了一定成绩。台湾地区“大法官释宪”制度的升级,将继续影响台湾地区警政制度的发展与走向。

司法警官职业院校高水平专业群建设的现状和路径——以警察类专业群为核心的考察

司法警官职业院校属于行业办学高职院校,其警察类专业之间共性要素多,专业基础相通,职业面向均为人民警察,教学资源高度共享,适合组群建设。目前,全国16所司法警官职业院校中有10所入选省级以上“双高计划”建设项目。其中,警察类专业群在省级高水平专业群中占主导地位,但存在专业群组织形式以“跨院系整合”为主、专业群课程体系不健全、服务行业水平不高等问题。加强高水平专业群建设的路径有:健全专业群组织管理机制;深化产教融合;推进科教融汇;加强专业群课程体系建设;构建专业群师资队伍建设机制。

失败的刑事司法?--性侵犯罪警察侦查比较研究

负责性侵犯罪案件立案、侦查工作的警察,在性侵犯罪实际案发数、犯罪嫌疑人与被害人关系以及被害人报假案等问题上容易出现认知错误,导致其在案件处置过程中倾向于怀疑报案的被害人、不积极侦查或者采取错误的侦查措施。最终结果是性侵犯罪案件在刑事司法系统中的不当耗损情况严重,被害人遭遇二次伤害,刑事司法正义价值的实现大打折扣。警察部门应当构建以被害人为中心的立案、侦查模式,细化工作规则,有效开展犯罪侦查,切实保护性侵犯罪被害人获得刑事司法救济的权利。

警务技战术课程强化思政育人的教学实践探索——以北京警察学院为例

警务技战术教学是公安院校德育教育的重要组成部分。警务技战术开展课程思政应立足于自身课程的价值属性,紧密围绕学生在校不同阶段的思政育人要求,深入挖掘思政元素,做到精准定位、有的放矢。探索公安院校警务技战术教学最为适合的课程思政建设路径,发挥实训教学知行合一、潜移默化的特色功效,努力达到立德树人、协同育人的根本要求。

协同警务天津模式探析——以基层警务与社会治理融合为视角

以“5110”系统平台为基础,以大数据为依托的协同警务作为公安警务运行机制由产生到不断完善已经初步形成了天津模式,由此形成的警务关系和警务理念也日益深入人心。协同警务助力了天津公安警务实践的现代化进程,尤其在基层实战信息化、基层警务处置和民警工作能力专业化、各警种之间工作网络化等方面推动了基层警务的提质增效,也成为新时代基层警务与社会治理相融合的必然选择。

我国环境警察执法困境及因应之策

环境警察执法作为生态环境保护执法中的重要组成部分,在不断推进生态环境治理体系和治理能力现代化的进程中,应重视和提升环境警察执法效能。目前,我国环境警察的执法依据、执法专业性、执法协作机制和执法监督机制等方面仍存在诸多问题,制约着环境警察执法效能的充分发挥。结合我国环境警察的执法现状,及其在生态文明环境治理体系中的重要作用,分别从规范执法依据、提升执法专业性、完善执法协作机制、健全执法监督机制等方面提出解决对策,以提升环境警察执法效能,助力完善中国式现代化的生态环境治理体系。