Difficulties in Recruitment for a Randomised Controlled Trial of Lifestyle Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes: Implications for Diabetes Management

Objective: To report our experience of attempting a randomised controlled trial of an intensive lifestyle intervention for early type 2 diabetes delivered in a residential setting. Methods: We established a trial requiring 84 participants (46 standard care and 38 intervention) to detect a 1% difference in HbA1c between intervention and control groups at 12 months, allowing for attrition. Ethics approval was obtained from Monash University. Results: The study was abandoned after five months of consistent promotion due to recruitment failure (four subjects recruited). Conclusion: It appears to be difficult for patients with diabetes to commit to a live-in period of education regarding lifestyle modification as a means of treating the illness. We recommend better education of patients and their doctors about the potential health benefits of lifestyle change to manage type 2 diabetes, and further research into novel methods of delivering lifestyle advice which are both effective and sustainable.

Application of Intelligent Power Consumption Management and Control Technology in Enterprise Off-site Enforcement

Regarding the current difficulties in SME(small and medium enterprise)supervision,especially considering the problem that the emission reduction task cannot be effectively implemented under the off-site daily supervision and the new normal of epidemic prevention with control of heavily polluted weather,a new type of intelligent power management technology has been proposed.Power information collection equipment and intelligent data collection and transmission terminal are installed to collect power consumption information of enterprise production facilities and pollution control facilities,and their operating conditions are monitored in 24 h.Abnormal operation alarm and closed-loop disposal management are provided through the software platform.The practical application of power monitoring technology in Rizhao City proves that the system alarms accurately and monitors efficiently.On the one hand,it has improved the efficiency of daily supervision of the ecological environment department,and can accurately investigate and correct corporate pollution control violations.On the other hand,it has enriched environmental supervision methods to accurately control the implementation of emergency emission reduction measures.The application of this technology has realized the transformation from civil defense to technical defense,from random law enforcement to precise law enforcement,and from on-site law enforcement to off-site law enforcement in the supervision of polluting enterprises in the jurisdiction,creating a new mode of off-site law enforcement for enterprises.

Intensive diabetes management and goal setting are key aspects of improving metabolic control in children and young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Diabetes control in children remains poor in spite of advances in treatment for last 10 years. The aim of this review was to look at various aspects of intensive therapy in the management of type 1 diabetes such as insulin regimes, role of target setting, psycho-educational approaches and self-management. To achieve good metabolic control, clear goal setting with adequate support for self-management are essential. Psycho-educational and behavioural interventions aimed at specific areas of management have shown significant improvement in quality of life and diabetes control.

Effect of Medical Advice for Diet on Diabetes Self-Management and Glycemic Control for Haitian and African Americans with Type 2 Diabetes

Adequate care of type 2 diabetes is reflected by the individual’s adherence to dietary guidance;yet, few patients are engaged in diabetes self-care at the recommended level, regardless of race/ethnicity. Few studies on the effect of dietary medical advice on diabetes self-management (DSM) and glycemic control have been conducted on Haitian and African American adults with type 2 diabetes. These relationships were assessed in total of 254 Blacks with type 2 diabetes (Haitian Americans = 129;African Americans = 125) recruited from Miami-Dade and Broward Counties, Florida by community outreach methods. Although dietary advice received was not significantly different between the two Black ethnicities, given advice “to follow a diet” as a predictor of “using food groups” was significant for Haitian Americans, but not for African Americans. Haitian Americans who were advised to follow a diet were approximately 3 times more likely to sometimes or often use food groups (or exchange lists) in planning meals. Less than optimal glycemic control (A1C > 7.2) was inversely related to DSM for African Americans;but the relationship was not significant for Haitian Americans. A one unit increase in DSM score decreased the odds ratio point estimate of having less than optimal glycemic control (A1C > 7.2%) by a factor of 0.94 in African Americans. These results suggest that medical advice for diet plans may not be communicated effectively for DSM for some races/ethnicities. Research aimed at uncovering the enablers and barriers of diet management specific to Black ethnicities with type 2 diabetes is recommended.

Research on Active Safety Methodologies for Intelligent Railway Systems

Safety is essential when building a strong transportation system.As a key development direction in the global railway system,the intelligent railway has safety at its core,making safety a top priority while pursuing the goals of efficiency,convenience,economy,and environmental friendliness.This paper describes the state of the art and proposes a system architecture for intelligent railway systems.It also focuses on the development of railway safety technology at home and abroad,and proposes the active safety method and technology system based on advanced theoretical methods such as the in-depth integration of cyber–physical systems(CPS),data-driven models,and intelligent computing.Finally,several typical applications are demonstrated to verify the advancement and feasibility of active safety technology in intelligent railway systems.

Development of Energy Management System for Micro Grid Operation

The introduction of several small and large-scale industries,malls,shopping complexes,and domestic applications has significantly increased energy consumption.The aim of the work is to simulate a technically viable and economically optimum hybrid power system for residential buildings.The proposed micro-grid model includes four power generators:solar power,wind power,Electricity Board(EB)source,and a Diesel Generator(DG)set,with solar and wind power performing as major sources and the EB supply and DG set serving as backup sources.The core issue in direct current to alternate current conversion is harmonics distortion,a five-stage multilevel inverter is employed with the assistance of an intelligent control system is simulated and the optimum system configuration is estimated to reduce harmonics and improve the power quality.The monthly demand for residential buildings is 13-15 Megawatts.So,almost 433 Kilo-Watts(KW)of electricity is required every day,and if it is used for 8 h per day,50-60 KW of electricity is needed per hour.The overall micro-grid model’s operation and performance are established using MATLAB/SIMULINK software,and simulation results are provided.The simulation results show that the developed system is both cost-effective and environment friendly resulting in yearly cost reductions.

Influence of education training in patients with type 2 diabetes in the improvement of lifestyle and biochemical characteristics: a randomized controlled trial

Objective: The objective of this randomized controlled trial study was to evaluate the education training in relation to lifestyle improvement in patients with type 2 diabetes through its influence in the levels of glycated hemoglobin(HbA1 c), blood pressure, triglyceride, cholesterol levels, and body mass index(BMI).Methods: The study included patients with type 2 diabetes randomly selected from 20 residential areas in Tirana, Albania where family physicians provide services. The sample size in total was 200 patients in both groups(control and intervention). The education training(four sessions) was conducted by trained nursing staff for 6 months. Patients were screened for the biochemical profile before and after the intervention. To compare the groups with respect to the interest outcomes, the t-test was used. The value of P < 0.05 was considered significant.Results: There were 104 male patients and 96 female patients. The mean age was 54.9 ± 8.7. No significant differences were found between the study groups in relation to clinical and biochemical data before the education sessions. After the intervention, in the intervention group, the mean level of HbA1 c was significantly lower than the value in the control group(6.2% vs 6.8%, P = 0.001) as well as for the mean values of BMI. The mean reduction(more than 15%) in HbA1 c after the intervention was 43% in the intervention group and 2% in the control group(OR = 36.9, P < 0.05). Differences in BMI, HbA1 c, triglycerides, and cholesterol were more significantly visible in the intervention group. However, the difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure values was almost the same(P > 0.05).Conclusions: The results of this study further support that the approach for education of patients with type 2 diabetes on changing lifestyle benefit the patient in controlling diabetes. It is believed that the establishment of diabetes education classes in health centers is an important investment in improving the management of type 2 diabetes.

A Task-Resource Joint Management Model with Intelligent Control for Mission-Aware Dispersed Computing

Dispersed computing can link all devices with computing capabilities on a global scale to form a fully decentralized network,which can make full use of idle computing resources.Realizing the overall resource allocation of the dispersed computing system is a significant challenge.In detail,by jointly managing the task requests of external users and the resource allocation of the internal system to achieve dynamic balance,the efficient and stable operation of the system can be guaranteed.In this paper,we first propose a task-resource joint management model,which quantifies the dynamic transformation relationship between the resources consumed by task requests and the resources occupied by the system in dispersed computing.Secondly,to avoid downtime caused by an overload of resources,we introduce intelligent control into the task-resource joint management model.The existence and stability of the positive periodic solution of the model can be obtained by theoretical analysis,which means that the stable operation of dispersed computing can be guaranteed through the intelligent feedback control strategy.Additionally,to improve the system utilization,the task-resource joint management model with bi-directional intelligent control is further explored.Setting control thresholds for the two resources not only reverse restrains the system resource overload,but also carries out positive incentive control when a large number of idle resources appear.The existence and stability of the positive periodic solution of the model are proved theoretically,that is,the model effectively avoids the two extreme cases and ensure the efficient and stable operation of the system.Finally,numerical simulation verifies the correctness and validity of the theoretical results.

Controlling chaos based on a novel intelligent integral terminal sliding mode control in a rod-type plasma torch

An integral terminal sliding mode controller is proposed in order to control chaos in a rod-type plasma torch system.In this method, a new sliding surface is defined based on a combination of the conventional sliding surface in terminal sliding mode control and a nonlinear function of the integral of the system states. It is assumed that the dynamics of a chaotic system are unknown and also the system is exposed to disturbance and unstructured uncertainty. To achieve a chattering-free and high-speed response for such an unknown system, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system is utilized in the next step to approximate the unknown part of the nonlinear dynamics. Then, the proposed integral terminal sliding mode controller stabilizes the approximated system based on Lyapunov＇s stability theory. In addition, a Bee algorithm is used to select the coefficients of integral terminal sliding mode controller to improve the performance of the proposed method. Simulation results demonstrate the improvement in the response speed, chattering rejection, transient response,and robustness against uncertainties.

Cyber-physical-social System in Intelligent Transportation

A cyber-physical system(CPS) is composed of a physical system and its corresponding cyber systems that are tightly fused at all scales and levels.CPS is helpful to improve the controllability,efficiency and reliability of a physical system,such as vehicle collision avoidance and zero-net energy buildings systems.It has become a hot R&D and practical area from US to EU and other countries.In fact,most of physical systems and their cyber systems are designed,built and used by human beings in the social and natural environments.So,social systems must be of the same importance as their CPSs.The indivisible cyber,physical and social parts constitute the cyber-physical-social system(CPSS),a typical complex system and it’s a challengeable problem to control and manage it under traditional theories and methods.An artificial systems,computational experiments and parallel execution(ACP) methodology is introduced based on which data-driven models are applied to social system.Artificial systems,i.e.,cyber systems,are applied for the equivalent description of physical-social system(PSS).Computational experiments are applied for control plan validation.And parallel execution finally realizes the stepwise control and management of CPSS.Finally,a CPSS-based intelligent transportation system(ITS) is discussed as a case study,and its architecture,three parts,and application are described in detail.

Impact of chronic disease self-management programs on type 2 diabetes management in primary care

AIM: To assess the effectiveness of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program(CDSMP) on glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) and selected self-reported measures.METHODS: We compared patients who received a diabetes self-care behavioral intervention, the CDSMP developed at the Stanford University, with controls whoreceived usual care on their HbA1c and selected self-reported measures, including diabetes self-care activities, health-related quality of life(HRQOL), pain and fatigue. The subjects were a subset of participants enrolled in a randomized controlled trial that took place at seven regional clinics of a university-affiliated integrated healthcare system of a multi-specialty group practice between January 2009 and June 2011. The primary outcome was change in HbA1c from randomization to 12 mo. Data were analyzed using multilevel statistical models and linear mixed models to provide unbiased estimates of intervention effects.RESULTS: Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics were generally comparable between the two groups. The average baseline HbA1c values in the CDSMP and control groups were 9.4% and 9.2%, respectively. Significant reductions in HbA1c were seen at 12 mo for the two groups, with adjusted changes around 0.6%(P < 0.0001), but the reductions did not differ significantly between the two groups(P = 0.885). Few significant differences were observed in participants' diabetes self-care activities. No significant differences were observed in the participants' HRQOL, pain, or fatigue measures.CONCLUSION: The CDSMP intervention may not lower HbA1c any better than good routine care in an integrated healthcare system. More research is needed to understand the benefits of self-management programs in primary care in different settings and populations.

Children with type 1 diabetes in COVID-19 pandemic:Difficulties and solutions

Children/adolescents with type 1 diabetes(T1D)require holistic approach and continuous care.However,the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has made challenges for the T1D children and their caregivers,professionals,and the healthcare system.This minireview aims to consolidate and discuss the difficulties and solutions of children with type 1 diabetes in the COVID-19 pandemic.T1D has been the most common type of diabetes in children and adolescents and the last decades has seen a rapid increase in the prevalence of T1D in youths worldwide,which deserves a public concern particularly in the COVID-19 pandemic.As reported in previous studies,T1D is a risk factor related to severe cases,while the virus may induce new-onset diabetes and serious complications.Moreover,restriction strategies influence medical availability and lifestyle,impact glycemic control and compilation management,and thus pose stress on families and health providers of youths with T1D,especially on those with certain fragile conditions.Therefore,special treatment plans are required for children provided by caregivers and the local health system.Latest health tools such as improved medical devices and telemedicine service,as well as a combined support may benefit in this period.This minireview emphasises that continued medical access and support are required to prevent deteriorated condition of children and adolescents with diabetes throughout this pandemic.Therefore,strategies are supposed to be formulated to mitigate the difficulties and stress among this group,particularly in the most at-risk population.Proposed solutions in this minireview may help individuals and the health system to overcome these problems and help youths with T1D in better diabetes management during such emergency situations.

互联网自我管理模式对2型糖尿病患者血糖控制和自我管理水平的影响

目的探讨基于互联网的自我管理模式对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血糖控制和自我管理水平的影响。方法选取我院2021年6月至2022年12月收治的138例T2DM患者,经随机数字表法分为试验组(n=69)及对照组(n=69),对照组予以常规健康管理,试验组予以基于互联网的自我管理模式。比较两组血糖、血压及体重控制情况、干预前后代谢指标、自我管理水平[采用中文版糖尿病自我管理活动问卷(SDSCA)]及生活质量[采用糖尿病生存质量量表(DSQL)]。结果干预后,两组糖化血红蛋白、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖、舒张压、收缩压、体质量指数均低于干预前,且试验组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇及甘油三酯均低于干预前,且试验组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组足部护理、血糖监测、运动及饮食等维度评分均高于干预前,且试验组高于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗、社会关系、心理、生理功能等维度评分均低于干预前,且试验组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于互联网的自我管理模式有利于T2DM患者控制血糖、血压及体重控制,能改善患者代谢指标,提高管理水平及生活质量。

新经济形势下数字化管理在企业运行控制中的应用

数字化管理作为一种新兴的管理方式,对企业的运行控制有着深远的影响。新经济形势下,在企业运行控制中应用数字化管理对于企业实现自动化控制与管理、降低运行管控成本以及推动企业的智能化发展具有重要意义。基于此,文章从内涵、特点两个方面论述数字化管理,解析其在企业运行控制中的重要意义,旨在革新企业的运行控制方法,加强对数字化技术的使用,从整体上提升企业运行控制的质量和效率,助力企业健康持续发展。

汽车空调控制策略与算法综述

文章对汽车热管理系统中空调的控制算法进行概述,对PID、模糊PID、带前馈反馈的控制算法以及模型预测控制算法(MPC)等控制理论在汽车空调中的应用进行介绍,并对不同控制算法在汽车空调中的优点和缺点进行分析,也对控制算法在应用层面上还存在的问题进行总结。与传统的机械式元器件相比,电子化的元器件在结合智能的控制算法后,能大大提高系统的节能水平和控制的准确性。最后,结合当前新能源汽车的发展方向,得出汽车空调系统中控制算法和电子元器件协同发展对节能和智能化的重要意义。

西安市药店慢病管理的2型糖尿病患者用药和血糖控制情况分析

目的 了解西安市连锁药店慢病管理的2型糖尿病患者用药及血糖控制情况,为完善基层糖尿病的管理政策提供参考。方法 利用随机抽样法抽取西安市6个主城区的若干连锁药店,并以问卷调查的方式对其慢病管理的2型糖尿病患者进行实地访问,收集患者基本信息、用药情况(用药方案、药物依从性等)、糖尿病相关情况(血糖情况、家族史、病程和并发症等)的数据,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析患者血糖控制的影响因素。结果 共调查403例2型糖尿病患者。仅用口服降糖药的人数最多(53.4%),其次是胰岛素用药(包括单用胰岛素和胰岛素与口服降糖药联用)(35.7%),不同用药方案患者在病程与血糖控制方面的差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05),仅43.7%的患者用药依从性较好;另外,患者空腹血糖达标率仅为39.2%;多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,用药依从性较好[OR=1.744,95%CI(1.104,2.754),P=0.017]是空腹血糖达标的独立影响因素。结论 西安市连锁药店慢病管理的2型糖尿病患者用药依从性有待加强,血糖控制不佳,药店应重视并充分发挥药师的专业优势、服务优势,实现药店的职能作用,加强糖尿病管理。

温室环境控制方法现状分析及发展研究

温室通过创造适宜的种植条件有效地提高农业资源利用率,在农业生产中的地位日趋重要。温室气候变化是一种多因子高度耦合的非线性过程,易受外部气候环境干扰,进而影响整个控制系统的稳定性,如何稳定、高效、智能地控制温室内气候变量是当前亟待解决的实际问题。通过总结国内外温室环境控制方法研究现状,分别从模糊控制、解耦控制、节能控制、神经网络4个方面着手,阐述现阶段主流温室智能控制方法应用现状与优缺点,发现当前温室环境控制因素单一、能源利用效率低、控制模型动态调整能力差等问题;提出未来温室环境控制应实现系统多变量控制、控制的可持续性和节能性、控制模型优化、农艺与环境控制相结合等建议,以期为温室农业的健康发展与精细化管理提供参考和指导。

智能功率模块驱动的反激式开关电源优化设计

为了实现智能功率模块(IPM)驱动电源的高效化与低成本化,利用反激式变压器的特点,设计了一款应用于IPM驱动的隔离型多路输出反激式开关电源,对控制芯片供电电路转换时电压进行稳定性优化。仿真及实验结果表明,优化后控制芯片供电波形稳定,反激式开关电源输出在5 ms时达到稳定,误差小于2%,波纹系数小于2%。

城市轨道交通线网客流管控系统设计及实现

为提高轨道交通运营企业抵御大客流风险的能力,设计研发城市轨道交通线网客流管控系统。面向客流调度员的实际业务需求,设计管控方案管理、方案智能编制、方案预评估、方案后评估等4项核心功能,通过动态客流分配、客流控制算法等技术,对线网级客流进行科学化、智能化、全流程管理。该系统已在北京地铁试点应用,应用表明,该系统弥补了既有经验式管理的不足,提高了客流安全风险防控水平,能够为智能化运营管理提供技术支持。