In-situ measure to internal stress of shotcrete layer in soft-rock roadway

In order to solve the difficult conditions of soft rock,water-trickling and hard-maintain of main air-return roadway in Tarangaole Colliery,high pretensioned stress and intensive bolt-shotcrete support program was designed and mechanical property of shotcrete layer was specially monitored through utilizing a type of concrete stress meter with oscillating chord after the program was carried out.It was indicated that,due to rock pressure and support resistance,the interior of shotcrete layer would emerge diverse stresses in axial,radial and tangential directions.With time passing internal stresses in three directions,whose average values were-0.061,0.043 and 0.517 MPa respectively,fluctuated first and then tended to stability slowly.The axial and radial stresses were relatively smaller than tangential stress which was 11,12 times the two formers respectively.Along the section of roadway,axial and tangential stresses distributed symmetrically and increased gradually from the top of arch to the waist of wall,but reduced at the foot of wall.Radial stresses reduced from the top of arch to the waist of arch first,and then increased in the waist of wall.Axial stresses were tensile substantially,except for stresses in arch vault tending to compressive,but all the radial stresses were compressive.Nevertheless,tangential stresses in the wall were compressive and tangential stresses in the arch were tensile.During the period of roadway excavating,the stress of shotcrete layer was less than its ultimate bearing capacity,with no significant stress concentration.At the end of this article,some suggests are given to shotcrete support design.

安全体贴 真实自然

DKT intemation于1980年在美国首都华盛顿成立，是一家提供有关生殖健康产品及服务的国际机构。其属下产品均由国内外的优秀企业所生产，目前主要包括安全套系列、紧急避孕片、长效避孕针等。

Wittgenstein’s Peculiar Use of“Internal Relation”in Aspect-Seeing

“Internal relation”is a significant term in both Wittgenstein’s early and later philosophy.The term is used in relation to many problems,including our topic here,“aspect-seeing.”Some scholars have attempted to present a persuasive interpretation of this terminology;however,Wittgenstein’s remarks on“aspect-seeing”somehow thwart their approaches.The obstacle lies in the relata involved:Which terms are connected by an internal relation in the perception of an aspect?In this paper,I review the existing interpretations and present two proposals,one of which is conservative and the other slightly more radical.I argue that Wittgenstein makes divergent use of the distinction between“intemal/extemal relations,”and that this may reveal the potential ambiguities of the words“internal”and“relation”

“国际法”译考

在英语世界中,对jus gentium的翻译最初以保留其拉丁语形态为主。经过三次语义转移,罗马法对jus gentium赋予了更多的自然理性色彩,jus naturale也成了jus gentium的同义词之一。阿奎那的“ius inter gentes”(民族间法)和“ius inter omnes gentes”(全民族间法)推动“jus gentium”现代国际法内涵逐渐饱满,后来格劳秀斯将其基本确定为现代的“国际法”。边沁创制的“international law”一词至今仍存在争议,与“law of nations”并行使用的同时,“universal public law”(公法)、“transnational law”(跨国法)、“universal law”(普遍法)等术语均未能弱化“international law”的稳固地位。在中国,“international law”通过晚清政府的“各国律例”被降格为国内法,但也在一定程度上承认了各国的主体地位。日本未经转译等复杂的中间环节,将国际法支点术语“international law”创译为更贴近原作的“国际法”,精准地表现出了“国家之间的法”(interstate law)的内涵。

Special Area, Special Initiative

The Lin-gang Special Area of the China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone(FTZ)was off icially unveiled on August 20 after an overall plan was issued by the State Council on August 6.The special area is one of the measures for advancing further opening up initiated by Chinese President Xi Jin ping at the First China International Import Expo in November 2018.

D类放大器提供500W峰值功率

International Rectifier的IRAUDAMP1 D类音频放大器参考设计使工程师能够在每个立体声通道中为4Ω的喇叭提供500W峰值功率的预配置电路(如图).它基于IR2011S门驱动IC,在每个通道的输出级使用了一对IRFB23N15D MOS场效应管.