A Multi-Model Approach to Design a Robust SVC Damping Controller Using Convex Optimization Technique to Enhance the Damping of Inter-Area Oscillations Considering Time Delay

This paper introduces a multi-model approach to design a robust supplementary damping controller. The designed fixed-order supplementary damping controller adjusts the voltage reference set point of SVC. There are two main objectives of the controller design, damping low frequencies oscillations and enhancing power system stability. This method relies on shaping the closed-loop sensitivity functions in the Nyquist plot under the constraints of these functions. These constraints can be linearized by choosing a desired open-loop transfer function. The robust controller is designed to minimize the error between the open-loop of the original plant model and the desired transfer functions. These outcomes can be achieved by using convex optimization methods. Convexity of the problem formulation ensures global optimality. One of the advantages of the proposed approach is that the approach accounts for multi-model uncertainty. In contrast to the methods available in the literature, the proposed approach deals with full-order model (i.e., model reduction is not required) with lower controller order. The issue of time delay of feedback signals has been addressed in this paper for different values of time delay by applying a multi-model optimization technique. The proposed approach is compared to other existing techniques to design a robust controller which is based on H2 under pole placement. Both techniques are applied to the 68-bus system to evaluate and validate the robust controller performance under different load scenarios and different wind generations.

互联电网区间振荡动态特性分析方法述评

"区间振荡"事件时有发生,是危及互联电网安全稳定运行的主要因素之一。该文首先回顾了区间振荡的显性诱因和发生机理,进而探讨了基于模型的离线分析方法和基于量测的在线分析方法的发展趋势;然后指出传统参数法中存在的问题,讨论了非参数法研究的最新进展;最后提出综合利用参数法(系统特征)与非参数法(信号特征)的各自优点,取长补短,是现代大型互联电网区间振荡动态特性分析方法的最终选择。

化学动力学模型筛选与特征函数法

采用强制振荡实验方法,对特征函数法应用于化学反应模型筛选进行了研究。数值模拟结果表明,竞争反应模型在某些操作条件下,特征函数分布差异很大,以此操作条件做实验,就能筛选出真实反应机理模型。

A Delay-Dependent Anti-Windup Compensator for Wide-Area Power Systems With Time-Varying Delays and Actuator Saturation

In this paper, a delay-dependent anti-windup compensator is designed for wide-area power systems to enhance the damping of inter-area low-frequency oscillations in the presence of time-varying delays and actuator saturation using an indirect approach. In this approach, first, a conventional wide-area damping controller is designed by using output feedback with regional pole placement approach without considering time-varying delays and actuator saturation. Then to mitigate the effect of both time-varying delays and actuator saturation, an add-on delay-dependent anti-windup compensator is designed. Based on generalized sector conditions, less conservative delay-dependent sufficient conditions are derived in the form of a linear matrix inequality(LMI) to guarantee the asymptotic stability of the closedloop system in the presence of time-varying delays and actuator saturation by using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and Jensen integral inequality. Based on sufficient conditions, the LMI-based optimization problem is formulated and solved to obtain the compensator gain which maximizes the estimation of the region of attraction and minimizes the upper bound of-gain. Nonlinear simulations are performed first using MATLAB/Simulink on a two-area four-machine power system to evaluate the performance of the proposed controller for two operating conditions, e.g.,3-phase to ground fault and generator 1 terminal voltage variation. Then the proposed controller is implemented in real-time on an OPAL-RT digital simulator. From the results obtained it is verified that the proposed controller provides sufficient damping to the inter-area oscillations in the presence of time-varying delays and actuator saturation and maximizes the estimation of the region of attraction.

Unified Smith Predictor Based H_∞ Wide-Area Damping Controller to Improve the Control Resiliency to Communication Failure

Inter-area low frequency oscillation in power system is one of the major problems for bulk power transmission through weak tie lines.Use of wide-area signal is more effective than the local area signal in damping out the inter-area oscillations.Wide area measurement system(WAMS)is convenient to transmit the wide area signal through the communication channel to the remote location.Communication failure is one of the disastrous phenomena in a communication channel.In this paper,a dual input single output(DISO)Hm controller is designed to build the control resiliency by employing two highest observability ranking wide area signals with respect to the critical damping inter-area mode.The proposed controller can provide sufficient damping to the system and also the system remains stabilized if one of the wide-area signals is lost.The time delay is an unwanted phenomenon that degrades the performance of the controllers.The unified Smith predictor approach is used to design a Hm controller to handle the time delay.Kundur's two-area and IEEE-39 bus test systems are considered to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.From the simulation results,it is verified that,the proposed controller provides excellent damping performance at normal communication and improves the controller resiliency to counteract the communication failure.

Extracting inter-area oscillation modes using local measurements and data-driven stochastic subspace technique

In this paper, a data-driven stochastic subspace identification(SSI-DATA) technique is proposed as an advanced stochastic system identification(SSI) to extract the inter-area oscillation modes of a power system from wide-area measurements. For accurate and robust extraction of the modes’ parameters(frequency, damping and mode shape), SSI has already been verified as an effective identification algorithm for output-only modal analysis.The new feature of the proposed SSI-DATA applied to inter-area oscillation modal identification lies in its ability to select the eigenvalue automatically. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme has been fully studied and verified,first using transient stability data generated from the IEEE16-generator 5-area test system, and then using recorded data from an actual event using a Chinese wide-area measurement system(WAMS) in 2004. The results from the simulated and recorded measurements have validated the reliability and applicability of the SSI-DATA technique in power system low frequency oscillation analysis.

Robust design of static synchronous series compensator-based stabilizer for damping inter-area oscillations using quadratic mathematical programming

This paper presents a procedure for designing a supplementary damping stabilizer for a static synchronous series compensator(SSSC) in multi-machine power systems.The objective is to shift the lightly damped inter-area modes toward the prescribed stability region.A lead-lag stabilizer is used to demonstrate this technique,in which a particular measure of stabilizer gain is considered as an objective function.Constraints of the problem for phase-lead and lag structures are derived.The objective function with the constraints is formed as a quadratic mathematical programming problem.For robust design,the parameters of the stabilizer are calculated under various operating conditions.Two types of SSSC-based stabilizer have been presented and designed.Numerical results including eigenvalue analysis and the nonlinear simulations on the 4-and 50-machine power systems are pre-sented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

一种高工作频率、低相位噪声的CMOS环形振荡器

采用全开关状态的延时单元和双延时路径两种电路技术设计了一种高工作频率、低相位噪声的环形振荡器。环路级数采用偶数级来获得两路相位相差90°的正交输出时钟,芯片采用台湾TSMC0.18μmCMOS工艺。测试结果表明,振荡器在5GHz的工作频率上,在偏离主频10MHz处相位噪声可达-89.3dB/Hz。采用1.8V电源电压时,电路的功耗为50mW,振荡器核芯面积为60μm×60μm。

Decision Tree Based Online Stability Assessment Scheme for Power Systems with Renewable Generations

The stochastic fluctuation of renewable energy resources has significant impact on the stability of the power system with renewable generations and results in change in stability.Therefore,it is necessary to track the changing stability of the power system with renewable generations,a task that can be performed online.This paper details the use of decision trees to predict multi-mode damping of power system integrating renewable generations with the help of wide-area measurements system(WAMS).Power systems with renewable source generation are complex with vast amounts of data being collected from WAMS.Decision trees(DTs)are employed as a means to handle vast quantities of wide-area information,which involves the mode damping information indicating the stability.A 16-generator,68-bus system with photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation is used as the test system.Remote signals obtained from phasor measurement units(PMUs)are employed as the input variables of DTs for predicting purposes.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed predicting scheme is able to suggest the optimal course of action to remedy any near instability or unstable electromechanical oscillations even without prior knowledge of the varying output of the renewable source power.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FOR DAMPING CONTROLLERS OF POWER SYSTEMS BASED ON MULTI-AGENT MODELS

This paper proposes a multi-layer multi-agent model for the performance evaluation of powersystems,which is different from the existing multi-agent ones.To describe the impact of the structureof the networked power system,the proposed model consists of three kinds of agents that form threelayers:control agents such as the generators and associated controllers,information agents to exchangethe information based on the wide area measurement system (WAMS) or transmit control signals tothe power system stabilizers (PSSs),and network-node agents such as the generation nodes and loadnodes connected with transmission lines.An optimal index is presented to evaluate the performance ofdamping controllers to the system's inter-area oscillation with respect to the information-layer topology.Then,the authors show that the inter-area information exchange is more powerful than the exchangewithin a given area to control the inter-area low frequency oscillation based on simulation analysis.