Background: Motor competence and health-related fitness are important components for the development and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle in children. This study examined cross-cultural performances on motor compete...Background: Motor competence and health-related fitness are important components for the development and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle in children. This study examined cross-cultural performances on motor competence and health-related fitness between Portuguese and U.S.children.Methods: Portuguese(n = 508; 10.14 § 2.13 years, mean § SD) and U.S.(n = 710; 9.48 § 1.62 years) children performed tests of cardiorespiratory fitness(Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run), upper body strength(handgrip), locomotor skill performance(standing long jump), and object projection skill performance(throwing and kicking). Portuguese and U.S. children were divided into 2 age groups(6à9 and 10à13 years) for data analysis purposes. A twoàfactor oneàway analysis of covariance(ANOVA) was conducted with the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run, handgrip, standing long jump scores, kicking, and throwing speed(km/h) as dependent variables.Results: Results indicated that Portuguese children, irrespective of sex, presented better performances in locomotor and cardiorespiratory performance(standing long jump and Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run) than U.S. children in both age bands. U.S. children outperformed Portuguese children during throwing and handgrip tests. Kicking tests presented gender differences: Portuguese boys and U.S. girls outperformed their internationally matched counterparts.Conclusion: Cultural differences in physical education curricula and sports participation may impact differences in motor competence and fitness development in these countries.展开更多
An inter-laboratory comparison of the AOAC mouse bioassay for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxicity in shellfish was carried out among 25 Chinese laboratories to examine the overall performance for PSP testing ...An inter-laboratory comparison of the AOAC mouse bioassay for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxicity in shellfish was carried out among 25 Chinese laboratories to examine the overall performance for PSP testing in China, and to analyze the main factors affecting the performance of this method. The toxic scallop Patinopecten yessoensis collected from coast of Bohai Sea, China, was used as a test sample in the comparison study. The results were reported and evaluated using robust statistical methods. The z scores showed that 80%, 8%, and 12% of laboratories reported satisfactory results, unsatisfactory results, and questionable results, respectively. This evaluation demonstrates that the PSP mouse bioassay is an appropriate method for screening and testing PSP toxicity in shellfish. However, it was found that the experience and skill of technicians, as well as the body weight and health status of mice being used significantly affected the accuracy of the method.展开更多
Through engineering education, a set of didactical programs and activities are planned to bring the essential knowledge, expertise and training to the students from the corresponding discipline and make them gain the ...Through engineering education, a set of didactical programs and activities are planned to bring the essential knowledge, expertise and training to the students from the corresponding discipline and make them gain the competence of coping with various professional problems independently. Although holding the same views on the importance of developing competence, China and Germany construct the respective education systems in consideration of the different circumstances. In this paper, we propose the analysis onto the engineering education systems in the two countries and characterize the systems as competence-oriented. Through reflecting the differences, we mainly propose three suggestions as the theoretical contribution for deriving advantages from the German engineering education system.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (1R15HD071514-01A1 and R21HD05562101A2)the National Association for Sport and Physical Education Research Grant Program
文摘Background: Motor competence and health-related fitness are important components for the development and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle in children. This study examined cross-cultural performances on motor competence and health-related fitness between Portuguese and U.S.children.Methods: Portuguese(n = 508; 10.14 § 2.13 years, mean § SD) and U.S.(n = 710; 9.48 § 1.62 years) children performed tests of cardiorespiratory fitness(Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run), upper body strength(handgrip), locomotor skill performance(standing long jump), and object projection skill performance(throwing and kicking). Portuguese and U.S. children were divided into 2 age groups(6à9 and 10à13 years) for data analysis purposes. A twoàfactor oneàway analysis of covariance(ANOVA) was conducted with the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run, handgrip, standing long jump scores, kicking, and throwing speed(km/h) as dependent variables.Results: Results indicated that Portuguese children, irrespective of sex, presented better performances in locomotor and cardiorespiratory performance(standing long jump and Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run) than U.S. children in both age bands. U.S. children outperformed Portuguese children during throwing and handgrip tests. Kicking tests presented gender differences: Portuguese boys and U.S. girls outperformed their internationally matched counterparts.Conclusion: Cultural differences in physical education curricula and sports participation may impact differences in motor competence and fitness development in these countries.
基金Supported by a thesis research project of General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of China (No. 2010IK168)
文摘An inter-laboratory comparison of the AOAC mouse bioassay for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxicity in shellfish was carried out among 25 Chinese laboratories to examine the overall performance for PSP testing in China, and to analyze the main factors affecting the performance of this method. The toxic scallop Patinopecten yessoensis collected from coast of Bohai Sea, China, was used as a test sample in the comparison study. The results were reported and evaluated using robust statistical methods. The z scores showed that 80%, 8%, and 12% of laboratories reported satisfactory results, unsatisfactory results, and questionable results, respectively. This evaluation demonstrates that the PSP mouse bioassay is an appropriate method for screening and testing PSP toxicity in shellfish. However, it was found that the experience and skill of technicians, as well as the body weight and health status of mice being used significantly affected the accuracy of the method.
基金the Chinese Service Center for Scholarly Exchange (CSC) for the funded National Higher Education Pedagogics (LH) Projectsupported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2018ZD06,No.2018MS024)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61305056)the Overseas Expertise Introduction Program for Disciplines Innovation in Universities (Project 111) (No.B13009)the Undergraduate higher education reform project supported by Jilin Provincial Education Department (2017-71)the Undergraduate higher education reform project supported by Changchun University of Science and Technology
文摘Through engineering education, a set of didactical programs and activities are planned to bring the essential knowledge, expertise and training to the students from the corresponding discipline and make them gain the competence of coping with various professional problems independently. Although holding the same views on the importance of developing competence, China and Germany construct the respective education systems in consideration of the different circumstances. In this paper, we propose the analysis onto the engineering education systems in the two countries and characterize the systems as competence-oriented. Through reflecting the differences, we mainly propose three suggestions as the theoretical contribution for deriving advantages from the German engineering education system.
