Determination of Liability for Violation of “Sexual Autonomy” and Compensation for Mental Damages

At the legislative level in China,there has been insufficient theoretical preparation to explicitly include“sexual autonomy”within the scope of general personality rights.In handling the increasing number of disputes related to violations of“sexual autonomy,”judicial biases have emerged during the trial process when courts determine the attribute of the right to“sexual autonomy.”This situation necessitates a clear legal analysis of the concept and attributes of“sexual autonomy”to establish its essential attribute as a personality right,and,from the perspective of legal doctrine,enable the justification of the right to“sexual autonomy”as either a general personality right or other personality interests,thereby providing theoretical support for courts to“adjudicate according to law.”By delineating and categorizing instances of violations of“sexual autonomy,”the constitutive elements and fundamental characteristics of such violations can be clarified.By examining the legal norms governing civil litigation and civil litigation associated with criminal cases concerning violations of“sexual autonomy,”the responsibility determination,remedies,and existing regulatory loopholes regarding violations of“sexual autonomy,”especially in cases involving both criminal and civil matters,can be defined.Based on this foundation,the legal basis,determination mechanism,and compensation standards for claiming compensation for mental damages resulting from violations of“sexual autonomy”can be elucidated.

Inter-provincial Differences in Rice Multi-cropping Changes in Main Double-cropping Rice Area in China: Evidence from Provinces and Households

Since the early 1980 s, the multi-cropping index for rice has decreased significantly in main double-cropping rice area in China, which is the primary double-cropping rice(DCR) production area. This decline may bring challenges to food security in China because rice is the staple food for more than 60% of the Chinese population. It has been generally recognized that rapidly rising labor costs due to economic growth and urbanization in China is the key driving force of the ‘double-to-single' rice cropping system adaption. However, not all provinces have shown a dramatic decline in DCR area, and labor costs alone cannot explain this difference. To elucidate the reasons for these inter-provincial distinctions and the dynamics of rice cropping system adaption, we evaluated the influencing factors using provincial panel data from 1980 to 2015. We also used household survey data for empirical analysis to explore the mechanisms driving differences in rice multi-cropping changes. Our results indicated that the eight provinces in the study can be divided into three spatial groups based on the extent of DCR area decline, the rapidly-declining marginal, core, and stable zones. Increasing labor cost due to rapid urbanization was the key driving force of rice cropping system adaption, but the land use dynamic vary hugely among different provinces. These differences between zones were due to the interaction between labor price and accumulated temperature conditions. Therefore, increasing labor costs had the greatest impact in Zhejiang, Anhui, and Hubei, where the accumulated temperature is relatively low and rice multi-cropping index declined dramaticly. However, labor costs had little impact in Guangdong and Guangxi. Differences in accumulated temperature conditions resulted in spatially different labor demands and pressure on households during the busy season. As a result, there have been different profits and rice multi-cropping changes between provinces and zones. Because of these spatial differences, regionally appropriate policies that provide appropriate subsidies for early rice in rapidly-declining marginal zone such as Zhejiang and Hubei should be implemented. In addition, agricultural mechanization and the number of agricultural workers have facilitated double-cropping; therefore, small machinery and agricultural infrastructure construction should be further supported.

Inter-provincial pattern of the coupled and coordinated relationship between touristization and urbanization

The coordinated development between touristization and urbanization is the key to optimizing regional industrial structure and building a long-term dynamic mechanism for urbanization. Based on constructing the measurement index system of touristization and urbanization level, the evaluation model on the coupled and coordinated degree is used in this paper to measure the inter-provincial pattern of the coupled and coordinated relationship between touristization and urbanization in 31 provinces and autonomous regions in China. The results show that the coupled and coordinated relationship between touristization and urbanization is significantly different in different regions, which presents a gradient decline pattern of the highest in the east, the lower in the middle and the lowest in the west. In the future, measures should be taken to promote the coordinated development between touristization and urbanization in accordance with the regional differences and actual development needs.

Spatial Interactions of China's Steel Output: An Empirical Analysis Based on Chinese Inter-provincial Panel Data

In view of the extensive growth of China's steel production in recent years, this paper analyzed the industrial development background and economic geography theory, and discussed the possible spatial interaction mechanism. Based on panel data of China's inter-provincial steel output from 2001 to 2015, using spatial econometric model, this paper also explored whether China's provincial steel production shows material orientation, market orientation and traffic orientation, and isolated spatial interactions of interprovincial steel output. The results showed that the inter-provincial steel production in China did show both material orientation, market orientation and traffic orientation and that there was a significant negative spatial interaction, indicating that there might be strong competition and a crowing-out effect between neighboring provinces, and that the smaller the spatial scope, the more significant the spatial interactions of steel production.

Measurement of Grain Production Efficiency in Main Grain-producing Areas and Analysis of Inter-provincial Differences--A Study Based on Super-SBM Model and Malmquist Index

China's food security mainly depends on the core areas of food production.Under the dual constraints of resource scarcity and environmental degradation,improving the grain production efficiency of the main grain-producing areas has become the fundamental way to strengthen the grain production capacity and improve the national food security capability,and to improve the efficiency of grain production in major grain-producing areas requires empirical support.This paper used the Super SBM model and the Malmquist index to measure the grain production efficiency of the main grain-producing areas from 2001 to 2020 from both static and dynamic perspectives,and compared the differences in grain production efficiency among different soil types and different provinces(autonomous regions)in the main grain-producing areas.The results showed that from 2001 to 2020,the grain production in the main grain-producing areas was in a relatively ineffective state,and the differences in grain production efficiency among different soil types and different provinces(autonomous regions)in the main grain-producing areas were obvious.The order of grain production efficiency in different soil types was black soil region>red-yellow soil region>paddy soil region>fluvo-aquic soil region,and the order of grain production efficiency of the provinces(autonomous regions)in the main grain-producing areas was Jilin>Heilongjiang>Inner Mongolia>Jiangxi>Hunan>Sichuan>Hubei>Jiangsu>Liaoning>Henan>Anhui>Shandong>Hebei.From 2001 to 2020,the total factor productivity of grain in the main grain-producing areas increased,but due to the trade-off between the technological progress and the growth of technical efficiency,the increase in the total factor productivity of grain in the main grain-producing areas was small,and the growth mainly came from the increase of input factors in this period.The total factor productivity of grain in Hebei,Heilongjiang,Liaoning,Jilin,Inner Mongolia,Shandong,Jiangsu,Henan and Anhui increased,but the increase was small,while the total factor productivity of grain in Jiangxi,Sichuan,Hunan and Hubei provinces declined.

Influencing Factors of Long-Term Residence Intention of Highly Educated Inter-Provincial and Intra-Provincial Floating Population From the Perspective of Social Integration:Take Guangdong Province for Example

Floating population plays an important role in the development of cities,regions,and countries.The economic growth path with Guangdong characteristics is inseparable from the support of highly educated groups.Studying the long-term residence intention of the highly educated floating population is helpful for the city to attract and retain talents.From the perspective of social integration,using CMDS 2017 data and taking Guangdong Province for example,this paper studies the influencing factors of long-term residence intention through SPSS logistic regression,taking intra-provincial and inter-provincial floating population with a bachelor’s degree or above as sample.The main conclusions are:(1)Marital and childbearing status is the primitive influencing factor of long-term residence intention among intra-provincial and inter-provincial floating population.Samples with high income,under social insurance system,being female and having non-agricultural hukou,are tend to prefer long-term residence.Samples who connect with the locals and participate in social public welfare are more likely to stay.(2)Personal age and city livability have a significant positive impact on the long-term residence intention of the inter-provincial highly educated floating population,but agricultural hukou and self-employed laborer status will weaken the long-term residence intention of this group.(3)Participation in townsmen/alumni association has a positive effect on the long-term residence intention of the intra-provincial highly educated floating population,and connection with outlanders also promotes the long-term residence intention of this group.(4)The long-term residence intention of inter-provincial highly educated floating population is usually based on reality,therefore they pay more attention to the development,changes,and livability of the destination city.However,the long-term residence intention of intra-provincial highly educated floating population is usually based on perception,so they pay more attention to whether they like the city.Compared with intra-provincial flows,inter-provincial flows have higher economic and emotional migration costs,more institutional barriers,and more life adaptation problems.Therefore,the government should introduce targeted measures to promote social integration and improve long-term residence intention.

New Moral Subjects: Walking the Line Between Autonomy and Automaton

The question of“new moral subjects”arises today in connection with the use of advanced technologies in the context of Industry 4.0,i.e.,the industrial enterprise investing in smart factories,co-robotic,additive manufacturing,augmented reality,cyber security,big data,etc.Industry 4.0 underpins what is being heralded as Industry 5.0.Technologies in this field excel in that they are not used for the mere execution of processes designed,programmed,and controlled by man,but are applied to realise“autonomously”goals in the industrial context.Consequently,their degree of automation is no longer defined by increasing independence from human beings,but by the ability to spontaneously initiate a process and implement it to useful effect.The comparison between man and machine,and the justification for the introduction of“new moral subjects”thus crucially depend on the location of“moral being”in the reference to their“autonomy”as a property characterising the“subject man”,but not the exclusive prerogative of the latter.

中华民族共同体话语体系建设的现状、任务与路径

话语体系建设是中华民族共同体研究的三大任务之一。中华民族共同体话语体系建设呈现出论从史出的历史论证、守正创新的理论阐释、质性叙事的大众传播、国家民族的实践面向等良好发展态势。在民族复兴和强国建设新征程中,需要立足中华民族悠久历史,坚持“两个结合”,从历史学、马克思主义理论、民族学、政治学等相关学科中汲取话语力量,基于话语对象、概念阐释、主题选择、陈述形式等要素进行话语框架建构,坚持以习近平总书记关于加强和改进民族工作的重要思想为引领,强化中华民族共同体建设与话语建设的双向赋能,着眼中华民族现代文明建设,不断推进中华民族共同体话语国际化与外来话语本土化。

医疗人工智能应用的法律挑战及其治理

医疗人工智能的高效性和先进性对公共卫生和医疗保健领域的技术创新产生了深刻影响。医疗人工智能有望使公民更好地享有健康权,并对整个公共卫生领域带来裨益,但同时也需注意医疗人工智能的发展速度远超对其监管框架的部署规划,会对个人权利和公共健康构成严重挑战,亟需法律作出相应回应。从相关当事人的尊严和自主性的保护、健康数据处理中的隐私和个人信息保护、医疗人工智能应用的公平性和透明度、问责制度和归责原则等方面分析了医疗人工智能应用的法律挑战,并从明确医疗人工智能的治理原则,建立包含硬法和软法在内的初步立法框架,构建科学、合理、高效的监管体制等角度构思了我国医疗人工智能的治理框架。

法律行为规范对身份行为的有限适用

身份行为的构造依托于以意思表示为要素的抽象法律行为框架,不能以事实先在性架空意思自治。即使家庭法没有明确规定,身份行为也存在成立和效力的判断问题。根据纯粹身份行为和身份财产行为的区分概括描述适用模式的意义有限,即使是身份财产行为,也不能当然适用法律行为规范,而必须结合具体行为的性质以及所涉法律行为规范之利益状态进行个别化检视。在具体的规范适用检视中,应当首先考虑立法者的法政策决断,然后再考虑不同身份行为的本质。限制法律行为规范的适用往往意味着对当事人意思自治的限制,其背后往往存在维护身份关系安定性及公共利益的特殊考量。

技术治理如何影响乡村自治:基于村庄网格化治理的反思

网格化治理是推进乡村治理现代化的重要技术手段。“网格单元—网格员—网格长”这一套技术治理体系在进入乡村社会时,冲击了“村民群众—小组长—村干部”这一套既有的自治体系。合并小组与重新划定网格单元激化了小组间既有矛盾,破坏了村级自治的社会基础。从小组长中选拔网格员破坏了内生性力量的治理秩序,弱化了村级自治的中间力量。村干部担任网格长以应对上级考核,挤占了村级自治的主体资源,最终产生技术治理弱化乡村自治的后果。网格治理技术体系在下沉至村庄时要充分嵌入乡村自治体系,通过网格单元嵌入自治单元、网格队伍吸纳中间结构、降低村级网格考核压力,让技术治理为乡村自治增权赋能,推进乡村治理现代化。

领导与员工的超连接匹配对工作绩效的影响及其机制

数字技术在企业的创新应用正在重构传统企业管理学理论与方法.工作中片刻不离手机和笔记本等多种设备的“超连接”成为常态.已有研究关注了互联网超连接对个体心理和行为的一系列消极影响,却忽略了数字技术赋能下的领导与员工超连接对工作绩效的潜在积极影响.本文基于平衡理论,连续三个月跟踪调查了343份领导与员工的配对样本,结果发现:领导与员工之间的超连接越匹配,员工自主性越高,工作目标进展越快,工作绩效显著增加.进一步发现,当领导与员工同处于高超连接时,员工的自主性高,工作目标进展和工作绩效最佳;而在“员工低—领导高”的不匹配模式下,员工的自主性和工作进展都低.本文从匹配视角探究领导与员工超连接模式对工作绩效的积极后效,为数字技术赋能组织管理的工作模式提供了更加全面和均衡的分析视角,同时也为实现领导与员工的工作模式匹配、协同推进工作绩效提供实践指导.

新时代我国竞技体育发展中政社关系改革的几点思考

为更好适应新时代社会主要矛盾变化,建构我国竞技体育发展新格局,采用文献资料法和访谈法对我国竞技体育发展中政社关系改革问题进行分析。认为,我国竞技体育发展中强政府、弱社会的发展惯性仍需进一步打破,社会自组织的发展能力有待提高,政府管理的角色和职能亟需转变。新时代我国竞技体育发展需重视政社关系改革,从强政府、弱社会转变为强政府、大社会发展格局,政府引导社会力量有序发展,并与社会力量合作构建多元治理机制。具体包括:深化“放管服”改革,竞技体育“举国体制”继续做减法;社会力量加强自身建设,在更多领域发挥更大作用;依据经济发展的阶段性特征,有针对性地扶持社会力量成长;根据参与类别,对社会力量发展提供差异化的帮扶;做好市场监管,引导、规范社会力量成长;积极推进政府元治理、行业自治和多元共治。

尊严能为生命伦理学奠基吗?——兼评程新宇《人的尊严与生命伦理》

针对尊严能否作为生命伦理学的基础的问题,有些学者基于尊严的相对性、可压倒性与可还原性,声称尊严是一个无用的概念,因此不能为生命伦理学奠基。实际上,概念的相对性并不能成为可将其视为无用的根据。尊严绝非无用的概念,恰恰相反,尊严成为生命伦理学基础具有不可逃避性。当然,承认了尊严的有用性也并不等于主张尊严是不可压倒、不可替代、至高无上的。换言之,尊严作为生命伦理学的基础具有非唯一性,它与其他价值一起在生命伦理学的相关讨论中发挥重要作用。

高校技术转移机构自主权对技术转移效果的影响

针对中国高校技术转移机构转化动力不足、转化能力较弱、决策效率低下的现实问题,研究讨论高校技术转移机构自主权对技术转移效果的影响,发现拥有自主权的高校技术转移机构可以通过更加灵活的选人用人机制、更加充分的科技成果裁量权和决策权对技术转移产生积极影响,区域技术市场发达程度和区域科技成果供给活跃程度会影响高校技术转移机构自主权与技术转移的关系。研究结论可为探索高校技术转移机构的制度创新,充分发挥高校技术转移机构在成果转化中的主体作用提供改革启示。

托幼机构管理者自主选学式培训的作用:以加拿大阿尔伯塔省为例

赋予教育工作者以专业发展自主权被认为是影响培训质量和教育质量的重要一环。在高质量发展背景下托幼机构管理者在参与专业培训时能否实现赋权增能至关重要。基于人力资源管理的AMO理论模型,加拿大阿尔伯塔省的托幼机构管理者自主选学式培训从能力提升、动机激发、机会保障三个维度保障了托幼机构管理者的培训自主权:常态化的培训模式与灵活多样的培训内容与形式,帮助托幼机构管理者提升了专业素养和自主选学能力;自我晋升制度与自我评估机制,帮助托幼机构管理者实现了专业发展的自我驱动力;AECEA专业协会为自主选学式培训提供了规范引领和组织保障,专项经费投入与管理保障了托幼机构管理者自主专业发展的必要条件。自主选学式培训对提升托幼机构管理者专业培训的积极性和有效性具有一定的借鉴意义。

康德与人的尊严

为人的尊严提供严肃的哲学辩护,是康德思想的核心关切。当代学者对康德的尊严观主要有两种解读:一是尊严作为某种绝对价值,体现为人类作为理性存在者所具有的自由能力,并构成了尊重人的权利的根据;二是尊严是一个关系性的概念,可理解为优越性或某物高于另一物的地位,但并不构成现代社会中平等人权的根据。这两类解读各有其利弊。解答争议的关键在于澄清何谓尊严的主体。通过对康德核心文本的分析,可以得出两大类道德意义上的尊严主体:一是理性存在者本身或道德人格本身,二是理性存在者的道德活动所展现的不同德性。两类尊严主体的根据在于自律这种纯粹实践理性能力。康德式双重尊严主体涵盖了两种尊严范式的基本特点:与道德人格相应的同等尊严,对应着绝对价值;与德性实现程度相应的不同尊严,体现了关系性的规定。基于道德人格的同等尊严,确立了不可剥夺的生而具有的自由法权,表明了基本尊严和法权的绝对性。当代少数学者消解尊严绝对性的尝试,实际上源于混淆了不同的尊严主体。康德的尊严观确立了平等尊重的底线,凸显了尊重权利与改善德性的价值,还能兼容诸多社会性价值要素,具有丰富的理论与实践意义。

地方财政自主性与公共服务配置效率:基于法定支出约束视角

财政分权是推动各级政府良性运转,保障社会基本公共服务的重要制度基础,关于分权的效率影响迄今尚未形成广泛共识。本文立足于以法定支出标准为主的地方财政事权约束视角,通过建构包含非自由支配支出项目的央地财政关系理论框架,重新审视了基于特定政治激励机制的地方财政自主性与公共服务配置效率间的动态联系。研究发现,在考虑存在法定支出标准的制度情境下,地方财政自主性对公共服务供给效率具有显著的负向效应,法定支出标准的设定有效缩小了公共资源配置相较于最优状态的偏离度。以上效应在生产性项目,经济水平较高以及地方官员任期更短的地区更为明显。机制分析表明,地方政府在拥有一定的财政自主性条件下,通过压缩基本公共服务支出份额和选择生产性偏向的支出结构降低了公共服务配置效率。进一步研究发现,2014年《预算法》修订取消法定支出标准有利于优化地方公共服务资源配置,从而导致基准效应在更长事件窗口期内呈现先降后升的“U”型非线性特征。本文丰富了现阶段关于政府间财政分权的理论研究,对新时期进一步明确政府间支出责任划分,推动公共民生事业发展等方面具有一定政策启示。

激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)分析虚拟仿真实验

虚拟仿真实验作为大型仪器分析实验教学模式的新兴趋势,有效地将虚拟仿真技术与实物仪器教学相结合,最大限度地提升了学生对于大型仪器分析的综合应用能力。本文以激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)虚拟仿真实验系统为例,完整地模拟了LIBS系统的样品处理、光谱采集、定性分析和定量分析等实际实验场景,通过虚实结合实验教学模式对实验过程进行实时跟踪与综合考评。该实验有助于提高学生自主探究能力和创新意识,培养具有独立思考与实践能力的拔尖人才。

地震核心业务系统国产化迁移适配研究与实现

加快推进地震核心业务系统安全、自主、可控对国家安全意义重大。基于地震核心业务系统国产化迁移适配工作,通过对比选择,采用C86和ARM技术架构,海光和鲲鹏服务器、Kylin V10操作系统、东方通中间件、VastBase数据库作为运行环境的国产化替代方案,与X86架构下以华为应用服务器、Intel CPU、Mysql数据库、FreeBSD操作系统、Wildfly和Tomcat中间件作为运行环境的国外产品方案相比,在功能和性能上相当,可满足地震行业业务使用需求,为后期地震行业进行全面国产化替代工作提供极具价值的创新实践参考。