Effect of different inter-satellite range on measurement precision of Earth’s gravitational field from GRACE

The precision of Earth＇s gravitational field from GRACE up to degree and order 120 was studied for different inter-satellite ranges using the improved energy conservation principle. Our simulated result shows that： For long wavelength （L≤20） at degree 20, the cumulative geoid-height error gradually decreased with increasing range, from 0. 052 cm for 110 km to 1. 156 times and 1. 209 times as large for 220 km and 330 kin, respectively. For medium-wavelength （ 100 ≤ L ≤ 120） at degree 120, the cumulative geoid-height error de- creased from 13. 052 cm for 110 km, to 1. 327 times and 1. 970 times as large for the ranges of 220 km and 330 km, respectively; By adopting an optimal range of 220 ± 50 km, we can suppress considerably the loss of precision in the measurement of the Earth＇ s long-wavelength and medium-wavelength gravitational field.

Dual transponder ranging performance in the presence of oscillator phase noise

A dual transponder carrier ranging method can be used to measure inter-satellite distance with high precision by combining the reference and the to-and-fro measurements. Based on the differential techniques, the oscillator phase noise, which is the main error source for microwave ranging systems, can be significantly attenuated. Further, since the range measurements are derived on the same satellite, the dual transponder ranging system does not need a time tagging system to synchronize the two satellites. In view of the lack of oscillator noise analysis on the dual transponder ranging model, a comprehensive analysis of oscillator noise effects on ranging accuracy is provided. First, the dual transponder ranging system is described with emphasis on the detailed analysis of oscillator noise on measurement precision. Then, a high-fidelity numerical simulation approach based on the power spectrum density of an actual ultra-stable oscillator is carried out in both frequency domain and time domain to support the presented theoretical analysis. The simulation results under different conditions are consistent with the proposed concepts, which makes the results reliable. Besides, the results demonstrate that a high level of accuracy can be achieved by using this oscillator noise cancelation-oriented ranging method.

Current Ramp-up by Microwave Power in the LATE Device

In the low aspect ratio torus experiment （LATE） device, plasma current is initiated and ramped up to 20 kA solely by microwave power at the electron cyclotron （EC） range of frequency with a ramp of the external vertical field By for the radial equilibrium of plasma torus at larger currents. Measurements suggest that an energetic electron tail in the energy range of about 200 keV carries the current. The line averaged electron density is higher than the plasma cutoff density, suggesting that tail electrons might be driven by electron Bernstein waves modeconverted from the launched electromagnetic waves.

Adaptive frame length algorithm for inter-satellite links

In view of the low ranging efficiency of the conventional fixed frame-length algorithm in the inter-satellite link,an adaptive frame-length algorithm is proposed. The frame length is adjusted adaptively according to the results of ranging and velocity measuring to improve ranging efficiency. Buffers which enable the frame length to be selected discretely and adaptively are introduced to avoid frequent hopping of the frame-length.Frame length marker is created to automatically identify the frame-length for frame synchronization procedures in receivers. The feasibility and the validity of the proposed algorithm to improve the efficiency of ranging are verified through both theoretic analysis and simulation,and the efficiency improves up to 88% when there are five buffers. This improvement can be further enhanced by increasing the number of buffers. Proper allocation of inter-satellite buffers is required to make a balance between the ranging efficiency and the system complexity.

微波频段小型化频率选择表面设计

为提高频率选择表面的性能,使其可精确控制电磁波在微波频段下的传播特性,实现对电磁波的反射、透射或吸收,设计了一种微波频段小型化频率选择表面。该频率选择表面单元尺寸为0.024λ×0.024λ,小型化性能良好。在1~10 GHz范围内有3个通带,具有极好的极化稳定性和角度稳定性,可保持工作频率和带宽不变,传输性能良好。该研究结果可作为频率选择表面分析的依据,为其小型化设计提供思路。

基于光循环移频环的可重构微波光子滤波器

基于光循环移频环的频域多载波特性和时间延迟特性构建了一种结构简单、高可重构性的微波光子滤波器。光循环移频环的等间隔时间延迟特性可用于在不同抽头之间引入时间延迟。另外,由于光循环移频环所产生的多个光载波之间的频率差较大,因而可以避免由于光载波的高相干性所导致的强度干扰,可实现稳定的频谱响应。利用可编程光滤波器对光循环移频环的输出光谱进行整形,可实现不同抽头的筛选和每个抽头权重的调节,从而获得微波光子滤波器抽头数和自由频谱范围的有效调谐。实验展示了自由频谱范围为3.85 MHz情况下抽头数在2、5、10之间的切换,以及抽头数为2的情况下,自由频谱范围在3.85 MHz、1.925 MHz以及770 kHz之间的切换。通过光谱整形技术,实现了微波光子滤波器抽头数和自由频谱范围的可重构。

低空复杂风场全天候雷达精细探测技术

低空复杂风场通常指距离地面高度600 m以下,局地风速、风向快速变化的风场.其全天候大范围精细探测是雷达科学、气象学等领域的长期难题.低空复杂风场的全天候雷达精细探测涉及传感器设计、三维风场反演和全天候融合等关键技术.本文从激光雷达探测、微波雷达探测、全天候融合及特征危害提取等方面对风场探测的技术内涵及研究现状进行了梳理,并分析了发展趋势,为低空复杂风场全天候精细探测技术发展与应用提供参考.

Photonic-assisted approach for instantaneous microwave frequency measurement with tunable range by using Mach-Zehnder interferometers

A novel photonic-assisted approach to microwave frequency measurement is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed scheme is based on the frequency-to-power mapping with different transmis- sion responses. A polarizer is used in one output branch of a phase modulator to simultaneously implement phase modulation and intensity modulation. Owing to the complementary nature of the transmission re- sponses and the Mach-Zehnder interferometers （MZIs）, this scheme theoretically provides high resolution and tunable measurement range. The measurement errors in the experimental results can be kept within 0.2 GHz over a freauencv ranee from 0.1 to 5.3 GHz.

Ultra-high range resolution demonstration of a photonics-based microwave radar using a high-repetition-rate mode-locked fiber laser

We experimentally demonstrate the ultra-high range resolution of a photonics-based microwave radar using a high repetition rate actively mode-locked laser（AMLL）. The transmitted signal and sampling clock in the radar originate from the same AMLL to achieve a large instantaneous bandwidth. A Ka band linearly frequency modulated signal with a bandwidth up to 8 GHz is successfully generated and processed with the electro-optical upconversion and direct photonic sampling. The minor lobe suppression（MLS） algorithm is adopted to enhance the dynamic range at a cost of the range resolution. Two-target discrimination with the MLS algorithm proves the range resolution reaches 2.8 cm. The AMLL-based microwave-photonics radar shows promising applications in high-resolution imaging radars having the features of high-frequency band and large bandwidth.

弹道靶开式微波谐振腔测量系统研究

介绍了开式微波谐振腔测量系统的工作原理及试验结果,获得了φ10mm钢球模型在6.65kPa干燥空气中以速度5.44km.s-1飞行时的尾迹电子密度测量结果,并且与国外弹道靶试验数据进行了比较。试验结果表明,该系统能够满足模型尾迹电子密度变化对测量系统响应时间的要求,能很好地反映尾迹电子密度变化细节,电子密度测量范围达到109～1011cm-3。

正弦调制型微波测距系统的不确定度分析

设计搭建微波测距系统的首要任务是根据测距设计要求在各组成部件中完成合理的精度分配;按照测距信号在测距系统中的传播过程,将微波测距系统划分为5个环节,依次分析了各个环节的噪声对信号不确定度的影响,得到了整体系统总不确定度与子环节不确定度之间的理论公式;根据各子环节不确定度对系统总不确定度的影响程度分析,提出了总不确定等权分配的理论原则;搭建了微波实验系统,对各子环节不确定度及整体系统总不确定度进行了测量,得出发射、接收环节的不确定度在实际系统中占主要地位,从而提出降低对其他环节不确定度要求的非等权分配原则;对于实际应用的测距系统,需要根据实际场合的设计要求,也需要考虑不确定度与成本的平衡对精密度进行合理分配。

大型紧缩场电气性能检测

介绍了大型紧缩场电气性能检测的原理、系统和方法 ,解决了其中的关键技术问题 ,对紧缩场系统的后期应用 ,如天线测试、RCS测试等 ,有重要参考和借鉴意义。

采用差频技术的正弦调制型微波测距系统研究

针对目前无线定位中单点测距精度较低的问题,提出一种基于差频技术的正弦调制型微波测距方法;该方法采用有源反射式目标点实现远距离的测距,采用差频测相技术实现系统的高精度测距,采用基于时间数字转换器(time-to-digital converter)的时间差模块实现高精度相位测量;采用现有商业化器件搭建了实验系统并进行了测距实验研究,大位移试验中该系统的测距线性度约为0.999 9,小位移实验中测距精度约为2.86 cm,分辨率优于10 cm。

二维近程微波全息成像算法

二维近程微波全息成像技术已被考虑应用于人体安检、医疗成像、隐匿武器检测等,该技术采集前、后向散射数据,入射场完全由测量或模拟直接获得,成像质量和分辨率相比近程毫米波全息成像技术有一定提高。但该技术现阶段还没有成像系统,仍处于起步阶段。对于该技术的算法实现,给出了一套利用任意复杂电磁计算(feldberechnung bei korpern mit beliebiger oberflache,FEKO)软件模拟目标散射波和入射场,并对获取数据进行网格化方法处理,最终将处理后数据重构目标图像的实现方案。在此基础上,证明了真实的入射场和前向散射数据对成像效果影响显著,同时分析了不同扫描孔径、天线位置、复杂物体的成像效果,并给出相应结论,为实际应用提供参考数据。

基于频域稀疏非均匀采样的雷达目标一维高分辨成像

雷达目标的高分辨距离像具有稀疏和可压缩的特点,可以在频域进行稀疏非均匀采样获得目标的宽带散射数据,再通过恰当的信号处理手段得到一维高分辨像.本文描述了基于频域稀疏非均匀采样的雷达一维成像数学模型,从参数估计的角度比较了稀疏非均匀采样与均匀采样的成像性能,提出了非均匀采样点选取方法;分别应用参数估计方法和稀疏像重构方法实现了基于频域稀疏非均匀采样的雷达目标一维高分辨成像.采用暗室测量数据比较了两种方法的性能,验证了频域稀疏非均匀采样在降低数据量、提高分辨力方面的优势.

温度对相位法微波测距测相精度的影响研究

测相精度直接影响相位法微波测距的测距精度;为提高测相精度,基于晶振的温频效应,理论分析了温度对测距载波频率稳定度的影响,根据调频原理,分析了载波稳定度对相位差测量结果的影响;推导得到了温度影响相位差测量结果的解析式;为了验证理论分析结果,设计了温度对相位差测量影响的实验装置,进行实验验证;实验结果表明,温度是影响微波测距载波频率稳定度的关键因素,测相结果与温度呈近似3次函数关系,实验结果与理论分析定性相符。

基于幅度调制的连续微波雷达测距研究

为实现实时快速的全天候、高精度、大范围测距,该文提出了基于幅度调制的微波雷达测距方法。在分析主要微波雷达特点的基础上,深入探讨了该方法测尺频率和测距范围、精度之间的数学关系,并利用调制在高频载波的低频信号满足大范围测距需求,采用基于测时技术的高精度测相方法实现高精度与高速度测距,并基于混频器、测时芯片TDC-GP2等器件搭建了雷达实验系统。实验表明,基于TDC-GP2测相单元的测相精度达4（2.71 10）-′？,并在2.4 GHz载波、150 k Hz调制信号的条件下,对3.0~4.1 m内目标的测距实验证明了系统具有1000 m大范围测距的可行性,且目标处于3.0 m时测距精度为0.0187 m,系统单次平均测距时间为0.02~0.03 s。

小型超宽谱高功率微波辐射系统

小型超宽谱高功率微波辐射系统由Tesla型100 kV级ns脉冲源、Peaking-Chopping型亚纳秒气体开关及TEM喇叭天线构成。系统重复运行频率100 Hz,辐射因子rEp值75 kV,主轴辐射场中心频率520MHz,-3 dB频谱范围230～810 MHz。系统集成于一便携箱内,体积为80 cm×50 cm×26 cm,质量约45 kg。该系统结构紧凑,能够快速展开和撤收,可方便用于超宽谱高功率微波应用技术研究。

基于强度-相位级联调制的微波光子下变频法

为了优化微波光子下变频的无杂散动态范围,结合带反馈控制的强度调制器和相位调制器,提出并验证了基于强度和相位级联调制的微波光子下变频方法。通过理论推导和仿真分析了下变频原理以及本振功率对系统性能的影响,搭建了强度-相位级联调制的微波光子下变频系统,利用自行研制的直流偏置反馈控制模块确保强度调制器的工作状态稳定,对系统进行了性能测试。实验结果表明,增益和无杂散动态范围分别为-6.65dB和108.62dB/Hz^(2/3),与传统的强度调制器级联下变频链路相比,增益和无杂散动态范围分别提高了3.56dB和19.87dB。基于强度和相位级联调制的下变频方法仅需要单个偏置电压,且可通过反馈模块实现工作状态的稳定控制,系统结构简单、性能稳定,可实现大动态范围的微波光子下变频。

高功率超宽谱双反射面天线优化设计与实验

对高功率超宽谱双反射面天线系统进行了优化改进设计,兼顾辐射性能、馈入反射和功率容量。采用沿能流线设计的"粗胖"实体结构代替板状TEM喇叭极板结构,增加低频电流的回流通道,从而改善天线馈入反射特性。将副反射面设计为尼龙箱体内、外两部分,使其与尼龙箱体之间的连接螺钉不再突出于高压电场中,优化后最大场强下降了约70%,功率容量达到59GW,通过Taguchi优化算法对组合馈源喇叭结构进行整体优化,天线辐射因子rE(辐射场峰值与观测点距离乘积)提高了1.2倍。优化后的天线系统进行了高功率实验,实验结果表明:天线系统功率容量达到30GW,辐射因子超过8MV。