为明确关键栽培措施对菜籽油品质的影响,本研究以“湘杂油518”和“大地199”为材料,分别在武汉和兰州进行播期、密度及氮肥处理单因素试验,籽粒成熟后收获冷榨,测定菜籽油色泽、过氧化值、极性总酚及甾醇含量等关键品质指标,综合评价...为明确关键栽培措施对菜籽油品质的影响,本研究以“湘杂油518”和“大地199”为材料,分别在武汉和兰州进行播期、密度及氮肥处理单因素试验,籽粒成熟后收获冷榨,测定菜籽油色泽、过氧化值、极性总酚及甾醇含量等关键品质指标,综合评价各处理下菜籽油品质。结果表明:本试验条件下,播期、密度、氮肥均显著影响菜籽油关键品质指标,但各指标在两品种、两试验点间的变化规律不尽相同。两试点、两品种均在早播条件下菜籽油的油酸含量较高,且均随播期推迟,色泽加深,叶绿素含量升高,综合品质下降。两试点的湘杂油518品种在D2密度(4.5×10^(5)hm^(–2))下的菜籽油的酸价较低,极性总酚、总植物甾醇和总生育酚含量较高,综合品质较好。两试点的大地199品种则随密度增加菜籽油叶绿素含量增加,色泽加深,亚油酸含量降低,综合品质下降。两试点、两品种均在低氮下(120 kg hm^(–2))有较高的籽粒含油量和出油效率,且均随施氮量的增加菜籽油色泽加深,综合品质下降。主成分分析表明,播期对菜籽油综合品质的影响大于种植密度和施氮量处理,酸价、叶绿素、极性总酚、抗氧化能力和总植物甾醇是影响菜籽油的关键品质指标;相关性分析表明,籽粒含油量与出油效率显著正相关,叶绿素、类胡萝卜素与菜籽油色泽均呈显著正相关,极性总酚与抗氧化性显著正相关。综上所述,生产中适期早播、减少氮肥用量、降低种植密度,可提高压榨菜籽油品质。本试验结果可为高品质菜籽油优质原料的生产提供技术支撑。展开更多
The influences of N application rate, timing, sowing date and seeding rate on β-glucan and protein content in barley grains were studied through the field experiments in Hangzhou, China during 1997 -2001. Protein con...The influences of N application rate, timing, sowing date and seeding rate on β-glucan and protein content in barley grains were studied through the field experiments in Hangzhou, China during 1997 -2001. Protein content increased with N application rate and with N proportion applied at late stage. β-glucan content also responded significantly to N application rate and timing, but with different pattern with protein content. Of three N rate treatments, the medium N rate (135 kg ha-1) had the highest β-glucan content, being significantly higher than low N rate (90 kg ha-1) and no difference with high N rate (180 kg ha-1). A-mong three N timing treatments, two times of N top-dressing at both tillering and booting stage had significantly higher β-glucan content than once N top-dressing at tillering or booting stage. Sowing date has the dramatic effect on both β-glucan and protein content. Protein content decreased with the delayed sowing, and kernel weight showed opposite tendency. Either earlier or later sowing caused increased β-glucan content relative to sowing in early November, which is the normal date for barley sowing locally. Seeding rate had no significant influence on both β-glucan and protein content.展开更多
探究施氮量和播种量互作对冬小麦产量、生长发育和生态场特性的影响,利用生态场理论揭示不同小麦群体竞争力差异及其与产量的关系,明确冬小麦适宜的氮肥用量和播种量,为冬小麦高产高效生产提供依据。2020年10月至2022年6月于河南省温县...探究施氮量和播种量互作对冬小麦产量、生长发育和生态场特性的影响,利用生态场理论揭示不同小麦群体竞争力差异及其与产量的关系,明确冬小麦适宜的氮肥用量和播种量,为冬小麦高产高效生产提供依据。2020年10月至2022年6月于河南省温县设置冬小麦氮肥用量和播种量双因素交互田间试验,研究了施氮量(0、90、180、270、360 kg N hm^(–2))和播种量(135、180、225、270 kg hm^(–2))对冬小麦籽粒产量、氮积累量等的影响,测定小麦株高、冠幅和单株分蘖等生长发育指标,计算个体生态势和群体生态场并分析其与产量间关系。结果表明,两年取得最高产量的播种量均为225 kg hm^(–2),施氮量分别为270 kg hm^(–2)和180 kg hm^(–2),较其他处理平均增产7.5%和18.1%;施氮后小麦氮积累量提高57.3%,生态势提高72.7%;提高播种量后群体茎蘖数提高34.7%,单株小麦发育水平下降,生态势下降11.4%。施氮量和播种量通过共同影响株高和冠幅影响生态势影响距离,其他处理较135 kg hm^(–2)播种量不施氮处理影响距离提高23.0%。冬小麦群体生态场面积与产量呈一元二次函数关系,施氮和提高播种量,冬小麦群体生态场面积分别提高116.7%和52.5%。本试验条件下,通过氮肥用量和播种量调控冬小麦群体发育质量,控制群体竞争力,构建了理想群体,实现了冬小麦高产与高效生产;冬小麦氮密优化组合施氮量239.8 kg hm^(–2)、播种量228.7 kg hm^(–2),具有适宜的生态场和理想群体,产量较高,可在豫北地区推广应用。展开更多
文摘为明确关键栽培措施对菜籽油品质的影响,本研究以“湘杂油518”和“大地199”为材料,分别在武汉和兰州进行播期、密度及氮肥处理单因素试验,籽粒成熟后收获冷榨,测定菜籽油色泽、过氧化值、极性总酚及甾醇含量等关键品质指标,综合评价各处理下菜籽油品质。结果表明:本试验条件下,播期、密度、氮肥均显著影响菜籽油关键品质指标,但各指标在两品种、两试验点间的变化规律不尽相同。两试点、两品种均在早播条件下菜籽油的油酸含量较高,且均随播期推迟,色泽加深,叶绿素含量升高,综合品质下降。两试点的湘杂油518品种在D2密度(4.5×10^(5)hm^(–2))下的菜籽油的酸价较低,极性总酚、总植物甾醇和总生育酚含量较高,综合品质较好。两试点的大地199品种则随密度增加菜籽油叶绿素含量增加,色泽加深,亚油酸含量降低,综合品质下降。两试点、两品种均在低氮下(120 kg hm^(–2))有较高的籽粒含油量和出油效率,且均随施氮量的增加菜籽油色泽加深,综合品质下降。主成分分析表明,播期对菜籽油综合品质的影响大于种植密度和施氮量处理,酸价、叶绿素、极性总酚、抗氧化能力和总植物甾醇是影响菜籽油的关键品质指标;相关性分析表明,籽粒含油量与出油效率显著正相关,叶绿素、类胡萝卜素与菜籽油色泽均呈显著正相关,极性总酚与抗氧化性显著正相关。综上所述,生产中适期早播、减少氮肥用量、降低种植密度,可提高压榨菜籽油品质。本试验结果可为高品质菜籽油优质原料的生产提供技术支撑。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(39870506) Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation(397259).
文摘The influences of N application rate, timing, sowing date and seeding rate on β-glucan and protein content in barley grains were studied through the field experiments in Hangzhou, China during 1997 -2001. Protein content increased with N application rate and with N proportion applied at late stage. β-glucan content also responded significantly to N application rate and timing, but with different pattern with protein content. Of three N rate treatments, the medium N rate (135 kg ha-1) had the highest β-glucan content, being significantly higher than low N rate (90 kg ha-1) and no difference with high N rate (180 kg ha-1). A-mong three N timing treatments, two times of N top-dressing at both tillering and booting stage had significantly higher β-glucan content than once N top-dressing at tillering or booting stage. Sowing date has the dramatic effect on both β-glucan and protein content. Protein content decreased with the delayed sowing, and kernel weight showed opposite tendency. Either earlier or later sowing caused increased β-glucan content relative to sowing in early November, which is the normal date for barley sowing locally. Seeding rate had no significant influence on both β-glucan and protein content.
文摘探究施氮量和播种量互作对冬小麦产量、生长发育和生态场特性的影响,利用生态场理论揭示不同小麦群体竞争力差异及其与产量的关系,明确冬小麦适宜的氮肥用量和播种量,为冬小麦高产高效生产提供依据。2020年10月至2022年6月于河南省温县设置冬小麦氮肥用量和播种量双因素交互田间试验,研究了施氮量(0、90、180、270、360 kg N hm^(–2))和播种量(135、180、225、270 kg hm^(–2))对冬小麦籽粒产量、氮积累量等的影响,测定小麦株高、冠幅和单株分蘖等生长发育指标,计算个体生态势和群体生态场并分析其与产量间关系。结果表明,两年取得最高产量的播种量均为225 kg hm^(–2),施氮量分别为270 kg hm^(–2)和180 kg hm^(–2),较其他处理平均增产7.5%和18.1%;施氮后小麦氮积累量提高57.3%,生态势提高72.7%;提高播种量后群体茎蘖数提高34.7%,单株小麦发育水平下降,生态势下降11.4%。施氮量和播种量通过共同影响株高和冠幅影响生态势影响距离,其他处理较135 kg hm^(–2)播种量不施氮处理影响距离提高23.0%。冬小麦群体生态场面积与产量呈一元二次函数关系,施氮和提高播种量,冬小麦群体生态场面积分别提高116.7%和52.5%。本试验条件下,通过氮肥用量和播种量调控冬小麦群体发育质量,控制群体竞争力,构建了理想群体,实现了冬小麦高产与高效生产;冬小麦氮密优化组合施氮量239.8 kg hm^(–2)、播种量228.7 kg hm^(–2),具有适宜的生态场和理想群体,产量较高,可在豫北地区推广应用。
