As demands on limited water resources intensify, concerns are being raised about water resources carrying capacity（WRCC）, which is defined as the maximum sustainable socioeconomic scale that can be supported by avai...As demands on limited water resources intensify, concerns are being raised about water resources carrying capacity（WRCC）, which is defined as the maximum sustainable socioeconomic scale that can be supported by available water resources and while maintaining defined environmental conditions. This paper proposes a distributed quantitative model for WRCC, based on the principles of optimization, and considering hydro-economic interaction, water supply, water quality, and socioeconomic development constraints. With the model, the WRCCs of 60 subregions in Henan Province were determined for different development periods. The results showed that the water resources carrying level of Henan Province was suitably loaded in 2010, but that the province would be mildly overloaded in 2030 with respect to the socioeconomic development planning goals. The restricting factors for WRCC included the available water resources, the increasing rate of GDP, the urbanization ratio, the irrigation water utilization coefficient, the industrial water recycling rate, and the wastewater reuse rate, of which the available water resources was the most crucial factor. Because these factors varied temporally and spatially, the trends in predicted WRCC were inconsistent across different subregions and periods.展开更多
Three-dimensional geovisualizations are currently pushed both by technological development and by the demands of experts in various applied areas.In the presented empirical study,we compared the features of real 3D(st...Three-dimensional geovisualizations are currently pushed both by technological development and by the demands of experts in various applied areas.In the presented empirical study,we compared the features of real 3D(stereoscopic)versus pseudo 3D(monoscopic)geovisualizations in static and interactive digital elevation models.We tested 39 high-school students in their ability to identify the correct terrain profile from digital elevation models.Students’performance was recorded and further analysed with respect to their spatial abilities,which were measured by a psychological mental rotation test and think aloud protocol.The results of the study indicated that the influence of the type of 3D visualization(monoscopic/stereoscopic)on the performance of the users is not clear,the level of navigational interactivity has significant influence on the usability of a particular 3D visualization,and finally no influences of the spatial abilities on the performance of the user within the 3D environment were identified.展开更多
文摘As demands on limited water resources intensify, concerns are being raised about water resources carrying capacity（WRCC）, which is defined as the maximum sustainable socioeconomic scale that can be supported by available water resources and while maintaining defined environmental conditions. This paper proposes a distributed quantitative model for WRCC, based on the principles of optimization, and considering hydro-economic interaction, water supply, water quality, and socioeconomic development constraints. With the model, the WRCCs of 60 subregions in Henan Province were determined for different development periods. The results showed that the water resources carrying level of Henan Province was suitably loaded in 2010, but that the province would be mildly overloaded in 2030 with respect to the socioeconomic development planning goals. The restricting factors for WRCC included the available water resources, the increasing rate of GDP, the urbanization ratio, the irrigation water utilization coefficient, the industrial water recycling rate, and the wastewater reuse rate, of which the available water resources was the most crucial factor. Because these factors varied temporally and spatially, the trends in predicted WRCC were inconsistent across different subregions and periods.
基金This research was funded by projects‘Influence of cartographic visualization methods on the success of solving practical and educational spatial tasks’[grant number MUNI/M/0846/2015]‘Integrated research on environmental changes in the landscape sphere of Earth II’[grant number MUNI/A/1419/2016],both awarded by Masaryk University,Czech Republic.
文摘Three-dimensional geovisualizations are currently pushed both by technological development and by the demands of experts in various applied areas.In the presented empirical study,we compared the features of real 3D(stereoscopic)versus pseudo 3D(monoscopic)geovisualizations in static and interactive digital elevation models.We tested 39 high-school students in their ability to identify the correct terrain profile from digital elevation models.Students’performance was recorded and further analysed with respect to their spatial abilities,which were measured by a psychological mental rotation test and think aloud protocol.The results of the study indicated that the influence of the type of 3D visualization(monoscopic/stereoscopic)on the performance of the users is not clear,the level of navigational interactivity has significant influence on the usability of a particular 3D visualization,and finally no influences of the spatial abilities on the performance of the user within the 3D environment were identified.
