Two-Year Outcomes of Midline lumbar Fusion Versus Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion in the Treatment of L4-L5 Degenerative Disease

Objective We aimed to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of midline lumbar fusion(MIDLF)versus minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(MI-TLIF)in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis and/or stenosis in L4-L5 two years after surgery.Methods Consecutively treated patients with lumbar pathology who underwent MIDLF(n=16)and a historical control group who underwent MI-TLIF(n=34)were included.Clinical symptoms were evaluated using Oswestry Disability Index(ODI),the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey,and visual analog scale(VAS)scores before surgery and 3,6,12,and 24 months after surgery.Results The mean operative time and hematocrit(HCT,Day 1)were significantly shorter and lower in MIDLF cases(174 min vs.229 min,P<0.001;0.34 vs.0.36,P=0.037).The MI-TLIF group showed better improvement than the MIDLF group in ODI and VAS back and leg pain at 3 months postoperatively.VAS leg pain was higher in MIDLF than in MI-TLIF cases at 6 months.At 24 months follow-up,VAS back pain was higher in MI-TLIF than in MIDLF cases(P=0.018).Conclusion MIDLF is comparable to MI-TLIF at L4-5 in clinical outcomes and fusion rates,and the results verified the meaningful advantage of using MIDLF for the elderly with osteoporosis.

Animal Modelling of Lumbar Corpectomy and Fusion and in vivo Growth of Spine Supporting Bone by Titanium Cage Implants: An Experimental Study

In this study a lumbar spinal fusion animal model is established to assess the effect of spinal fusion cage,and explore theminimum area ratio of titanium cage section to vertebral section that ensures bone healing and biomechanical property.Lumbarcorpectomy was conducted by posterolateral approach with titanium cage implantation combined with plate fixation.Titaniumcages with the same length but different diameters were used.After implantation of titanium cages,the progress of bone healingwas observed and the bone biomechanical properties were measured,including deformation and displacement in axial compression,flexion,extension,and lateral bending motion.The factors affecting the in vivo growth of spine supporting body wereanalyzed.The results show that the area ratio of titanium cage section to vertebral section should reach 1/2 to ensure the bonehealing,sufficient bone intensity and biomechanical properties.Some bone healing indicators,such as BMP,suggest that there isa relationship between the peak time and the peak value of bone formation and metabolism markers and the bone healing strength.

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Cortical Bone Trajectory and Traditional Pedicle Screw Fixation in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) is a common surgical procedure and widely used in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disc disorders. Traditionally, posterior lumbar interbody fusion is done by using the traditional pedicle screw (PS) which offers great advantages, but at the same time it has some disadvantages which include the risk of superior facet joint violation and muscle damage. Recently, an alternative method of screw insertion via cortical bone trajectory (CBT) has been invented which has less invasive process and can be placed without the drawbacks associated with the traditional pedicle screw. However, it has to remain an interest whether CBT will provide similar or greater clinical outcomes compared to PS in PLIF. So the main aim of this review is to compare the clinical outcomes of cortical bone trajectory and traditional pedicle screw fixation in posterior lumbar interbody fusion based on the articles published on this topic. Compared to the traditional pedicle screw fixation, PLIF with CBT has similar clinical outcome based on pain intensity, ODI status and JOA score, as well as similar fusion rate and radiological evaluated complication such as loosening of screw. In addition PLIF with CBT has advantages of less facet joint violation, less blood loss, less intraoperative muscle damage and perioperative pain. On the basis of this study, we can suggest that PLIF with CBT can be considered as a reasonable alternative to PS in PLIF.

Biomechanical Effects of Implant Materials on Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Comparison of Polyetheretherketone and Titanium Spacers Using Finite Element Analysis and Considering Bone Density

Few biomechanical data exist regarding whether the polyetheretherketone (PEEK) spacer or titanium spacer is better for posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). This study evaluated the biomechanical influence that these types of spacers with different levels of hardness exert on the vertebra by using finite element analysis including bone strength distribution. To evaluate the risk of spacer subsidence for PLIF, we built a finite element model of the lumbar spine using computed tomography data of osteoporosis patients. Then, we simulated PLIF in L3/4 and built models with the hardness of the interbody spacer set as PEEK and titanium. Bones around the spacer were subjected to different load conditions. Then, fracture elements and some stress states of the two modalities were compared. In both models of PLIF simulation, fracture elements and stress were concentrated in the bones around the spacer. Fracture elements and stress values of the model simulating the PEEK spacer were significantly smaller compared to those of the titanium simulation model. For PLIF of osteoporotic vertebrae, this suggested that the PEEK spacer is in a mechanical environment less susceptible to subsidence caused by microfractures of bone tissue and bone remodeling-related fusion aspects. Therefore, PEEK spacers are bio-mechanically more useful.

Effect of Elastic Modulus on Biomechanical Properties of Lumbar Interbody Fusion Cage

This work focuses on the influence of elastic modulus on biomechanical properties of lumbar interbody fusion cages by selecting two titanium alloys with different elastic modulus. They were made by a new β type alloy with chemical composition of Ti-24Nb-4Zr-7.6Sn having low Young＇s modulus -50 GPa and by a conventional biomedical alloy Ti-6Al-4V having Young＇s modulus -110 GPa. The results showed that the designed cages with low modulus （LMC） and high modulus （HMC） can keep identical compression load -9.8 kN and endure fatigue cycles higher than 5× 10^6 without functional or mechanical failure under 2.0 kN axial compression. The anti-subsidence ability of both group cages were examined by axial compression of thoracic spine specimens （T9-T10） dissected freshly from the calf with averaged age of 6 months. The results showed that the LMC has better anti-subsidence ability than the HMC （p〈0.05）. The above results suggest that the cage with low elastic modulus has great potential for clinical applications.

Can bone mineral density affect intra-operative blood loss of mini-invasive posterior lumbar interbody fusion?

Objective:Many factors affect intraoperative blood loss(BL)in mini-invasive posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF)procedures,but only few has examined.Specifically,the impact of bone mineral density(BMD)levels on intraoperative BL.This study aims to examine the correlation between these two factors.Methods:Retrospective review of 120 patients with low back disorders who were scheduled to undergo mini-invasive PLIF from October 2018 to October 2019 was performed.Patients were divided into two groups based on BMD of the lumbar spine:normal group and abnormal group(osteoporosis and osteopenia).Comparison of age,gender,BMD,BL,BMI,prothrombin time,activated partial thromboplastin time,haemoglobin concentration,intraoperative mean arterial pressure,platelet count,and operative time(OT)between the two groups,and correlation analysis of BMD and BL were conducted.Results:The mean BL of patients in the abnormal group was remarkably higher than that in the normal group:357.22±152.55 ml and 259.37±125.90 ml respectively(p<0.001).The partial correlation coefficient between BL and BMD was0.45(p<0.001).The results of univariate regression analysis demonstrated that only BMD,gender,and OT were related to BL(BMD,r=0.427,p<0.001;gender,r=0.211,p=0.024;OT,r=0.318,p=0.001).While multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that patients with lower BMD and longer OT had a higher amount of intraoperative BL(p<0.001).Conclusions:BMD is an important factor influencing intraoperative BL in mini-invasive PLIF.It should be assessed routinely as a part of the preoperative examination to improve preoperative assessment and ensure patient safety.

Unilateral pedicle screw fixation combined with lumbar interbody fusion for the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases

Objective To explore the feasibility and efficiency of the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and posterolateral fusion (PLF) procedures in which unilateral pedicle screw fixation was used.

Strength and selection of corticocancellous allografts for anterior interbody spinal fusion

Objective: To quantify the strength of the grafts from different body sites and determine the optimalselection of corticocancellous allografts for anterior interbody fusion. Methods: Complete sets of paired freshfrozen femurs, humeri, tibias and iliac crests were obtained from 6 individual donors. One centimeter thick slicesstarting from the proximal and distal bone ends were cut from the non--diaphysial portions of the long bones usinga razor saw with a customized miter box. 2. 5 cm× 3. 0 cm × 1. 0 cm unicortical bone blocks were shaped similarlyfor clinical use as a lumbar interbody graft. Multiple 1 cm thick grafts with 1. 5 cm depth were obtained from theiliac crests, to simulate a cervical interbody graft. The left and right sides of each pair were randomized intoperpendicular and parallel cut groups in the long bones or tricortical and bicortical preparations of the iliac graft.The samples were tested on an MTS by applying a compressive load to failure. Results: The failure loads of distaltibia and femoral head grafts were significantly higher than distal femur, proximal tibia and burneral head grafts(PR0. 05). The strength of the grafts prepared by parallel cutting decreased significantly as compared with theperpendicular cutting (P <0. 05). No significant changes were seen in femoral and burneral head grafts for the 2sectioning orientations. The grafts closer to the anterior superior iliac spine had significant higher failure loads andfailure strengths than those closer to the posterior superior iliac spine. After trimming off the lateral cortex, themean strength of the bicortical grafts decreased significantly as compared with the tricortical grafts (P <0. 05).Conclusion: The grafts from femoral head and distal tibia by perpendicular cutting have higher failure load than theload bearing in lumbar spine. The grafts cut close to the anterior superior iliac spine are recommended for cervicalinterbody fusion.

终板体积骨密度在侧方入路腰椎椎体间融合术后Cage沉降的预测价值

目的探讨终板体积骨密度(endplate volumetric bone mineral density,EP-vBMD)对侧方入路腰椎融合(lateral lumbar interbody fusion,LLIF)术后Cage沉降的影响。方法选择2018年1月~2020年12月在本院接受LLIF手术治疗的151例患者进行回顾性分析,收集患者EP-vBMD、椎体体积骨密度(vertebral body volumetric bone mineral density,VB-vBMD)、年龄、性别、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、医学共病(糖尿病等)、吸烟、美国麻醉医师协会(american society of anesthesiologists,ASA)评分、查尔森共病指数(charlson comorbidity index,CCI)、手术节段、手术椎体和是否使用后路螺钉固定等资料。根据术后1年患者是否发生Cage沉降,将患者分为Cage沉降组和非沉降组,比较两组患者临床资料差异,将单因素分析P<0.2的变量进一步采用多因素Logsitic回归分析,观察EP-vBMD对终板沉陷的影响。结果Cage沉降患者的VB-vBMD和EP-vBMD水平均低于非Cage沉降患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Cage沉降组患者年龄高于非Cage沉降组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Cage沉降组和非Cage沉降组患者性别、吸烟、糖尿病、后路螺钉固定等资料差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,EP-vBMD和应用后路螺钉固定均是Cage沉降的保护性因素(P<0.05)。结论低EP-vBMD是LLIF术后Cage沉降的风险因素,对患者进行LLIF时,应考虑术前EP-vBMD的测量。

Delayed arterial symptomatic epidural hematoma on the 14th day after posterior lumbar interbody fusion:A case report

BACKGROUND Delayed arterial symptomatic epidural hematoma(SEH)on the 14th day after posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF)is rare but it may lead to severe complications if not identified and treated in a timely manner.After diagnosis of the current case,early surgical removal of the hematoma and strict hemostasis treatment was accomplished.This case report highlights the importance of swift diagnosis and treatment in SEH patients.CASE SUMMARY A 41-year-old male patient with a single-segment lumbar disc herniation underwent left-side PLIF.On the 14th post-operative day,the patient complained of lumbar incision pain with sudden onset accompanied by left limb radiation pain and aggravated cauda equina symptoms.Magnetic resonance imaging examination and a puncture blood draw at the incision site confirmed a delayed arterial SEH.Emergency surgical removal of the hematoma and hemostasis was performed.About 70 mL of hematoma was found in the left incision.Continuous bleeding was found in the anterior branch of the transverse process of the 4th lumbar artery in the muscle area about 2 cm below the transverse process of the 4th lumbar vertebra.A blood jet of about 10 cm in height was observed and bipolar electrocoagulation was used to stop the bleeding.Post-operative lumbar incision pain and left lower limb pain were relieved immediately and gradually disappeared.There was no recurrence during the 12-mo follow-up.CONCLUSION For delayed arterial SEH on the 14th day after PLIF,preventive measures including pre-,intra-and post-operative prevention should be implemented.

Radiological and clinical outcomes of midline lumbar fusion on sagittal lumbar-pelvic parameters for degenerative lumbar diseases

BACKGROUND Improving the sagittal lumbar-pelvic parameters after fusion surgery is important for improving clinical outcomes.The impact of midline lumbar fusion(MIDLF)on sagittal lumbar-pelvic alignment for the management of degenerative lumbar diseases is still unknown.AIM To analyze the effects of short-segment MIDLF and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(MIS-TLIF)on sagittal lumbar-pelvic parameters.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 63 patients with degenerative lumbar diseases who underwent single-segment MIDLF or MIS-TLIF.The imaging data of patients were collected before surgery and at the final follow-up.The radiological sagittal parameters included the lumbar lordosis(LL),lower LL,L4 slope(L4S),L5 slope(L5S),L5 incidence(L5I),L1 axis and S1 distance(LASD),pelvic incidence(PI),pelvic tilt(PT),sacral slope(SS),and PI-LL mismatch(PI-LL).Additionally,the clinical outcomes,including lower back and leg pain visual analog scale(VAS)and Oswestry disability index(ODI)scores,were also analyzed.RESULTS In both groups,LL and Lower LL significantly increased,while L5I and LASD significantly decreased at the final follow-up compared to that recorded prior to operation(P<0.05).In the MIDLF group,L4S significantly decreased compared to that recorded prior to operation(P<0.05),while the mean SS significantly increased and the PT significantly decreased compared to that recorded prior to operation(P<0.05).In the MIS-TLIF group,SS slightly increased and the mean PT value decreased compared to that recorded prior to operation,but without a statistically significant difference(P>0.05).However,the PI-LL in both groups was significantly reduced compared to that recorded prior to operation(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the sagittal lumbar-pelvic parameters between the two groups prior to operation and at the final follow-up(P>0.05).In addition,the change in sagittal lumbar-pelvic parameters did not differ significantly,except forΔLASD within the two groups(P>0.05).The mean lower back and leg pain VAS and ODI scores in both groups were significantly improved three months after surgery and at the final follow-up.Though the mean ODI score in the MIDLF group three months after surgery was slightly higher than that in the MIS-TLIF group,there was no significant difference between the two groups at the final follow-up.CONCLUSION Short-segment MIDLF and MIS-TLIF can equally improve sagittal lumbar parameters such as LL,Lower LL,L5I,and LASD in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases.However,MIDLF had a larger impact on pelvic parameters than MIS-TLIF.

Application of the cortical bone trajectory technique in posterior lumbar fixation

The cortical bone trajectory(CBT) is a novel technique in lumbar fixation and fusion.The unique caudocephalad and medial-lateral screw trajectories endow it with excellent screw purchase for vertebral fixation via a minimally invasive method.The combined use of CBT screws with transforaminal or posterior lumbar interbody fusion can treat a variety of lumbar diseases,including spondylolisthesis or stenosis,and can also be used as a remedy for revision surgery when the pedicle screw fails.CBT has obvious advantages in terms of surgical trauma,postoperative recovery,prevention and treatment of adjacent vertebral disease,and the surgical treatment of obese and osteoporosis patients.However,the concept of CBT internal fixation technology appeared relatively recently;consequently,there are few relevant clinical studies,and the long-term clinical efficacy and related complications have not been reported.Therefore,large sample and prospective studies are needed to further reveal the long-term complications and fusion rate.As a supplement to the traditional pedicle trajectory fixation technique,the CBT technique is a good choice for the treatment of lumbar diseases with accurate screw placement and strict indications and is thus deserving of clinical recommendation.

单边钉棒系统内固定联合椎间cage植骨融合治疗单侧相邻两节段腰椎间盘突出症的效果观察

目的:探讨单侧相邻两节段腰椎间盘突出症应用单边钉棒系统内固定联合椎间cage植骨融合的效果。方法:选取2016年3月—2021年2月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九六三医院收治的60例单侧相邻两节段腰椎间盘突出症患者作为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为两组,每组各30例,对照组采用双侧椎弓根内固定联合椎间cage植骨融合术,观察组采用单边钉棒系统内固定联合椎间cage植骨融合术,比较两组患者临床指标、疼痛程度、睡眠质量、生活质量。结果:观察组术中出血量、手术时间等临床指标均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=6.004、14.203、5.018,P<0.05);术后1个月、术后3个月,观察组腿疼、腰痛疼痛评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=6.065、17.842;t=2.439、3.935,P<0.05);术后,观察组睡眠质量评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.802、 3.436、 2.320、 2.360、 2.281、 2.573、4.219,P<0.05);术后,观察组生活质量评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.517、2.618、2.113、2.176、2.716、2.413、2.133、3.749,P<0.05)。结论:单侧相邻两节段腰椎间盘突出症应用单边钉棒系统内固定联合椎间cage植骨融合术,手术时间较短,效率良好。

3D打印多孔钛合金Cage与聚醚醚酮Cage在PLIF中的疗效差异

目的分析3D打印多孔钛合金椎间融合器(3D Cage)与聚醚醚酮椎间融合器(PEEK Cage)在后路腰椎椎间融合术(PLIF)中的疗效差异。方法选取2021年2月至2022年2月在河南省洛阳正骨医院76例行PLIF的患者作为研究对象,根据不同的治疗方案分为观察组(38例)和对照组(38例)。其中观察组男性20例,女性18例,年龄27~76(45.67±9.69)岁;对照组男性19例,女性19例,年龄26~74(45.48±10.13)岁。观察组在PLIF下植入3D Cage,对照组在PLIF下植入PEEK Cage。在手术后对两组患者进行1年随访,比较两组的手术指标与并发症发生情况;比较两组术后3个月、6个月以及1年的椎间隙高度与椎间融合度;比较两组术后12 h与48 h的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分;比较两组术后3个月、6个月以及1年的Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分。使用独立样本t检验、χ^(2)检验、秩和检验。结果观察组的手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量、术后引流量分别为(123.26±23.62)min、(13.78±1.42)d、(316.64±26.79)ml、(342.21±33.72)ml,对照组的手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量、术后引流量分别为(124.18±23.43)min、(14.16±1.37)d、(321.36±27.63)ml、(346.38±34.17)ml,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(t=0.171、1.187、0.756、0.536,均P>0.05);观察组术后3个月、6个月以及1年的椎间隙高度分别为(13.36±0.93)mm、(12.98±0.87)mm、(12.21±0.62)mm,均优于对照组(12.78±1.21)mm、(12.33±0.94)mm、(11.74±0.77)mm(t=2.343、3.128、2.931,均P<0.05);观察组术后3个月、6个月以及1年的椎间融合度均优于对照组(Z=2.734、2.331、2.267,均P<0.05);观察组术后12 h与48 h的VAS评分分别为(5.18±1.24)分、(4.23±1.12)分,均低于对照组(5.87±1.36)分、(5.06±1.21)分(t=2.311、3.013,均P<0.05);观察组术后3个月、6个月以及1年的ODI评分分别为(24.62±6.34)分、(16.33±4.28)分、(13.69±3.27)分,均优于对照组(28.86±7.21)分、(19.66±5.87)分、(15.82±3.66)分(t=2.722、2.826、2.675,均P<0.05)。结论两种椎间融合器在PLIF中的手术指标和术后并发症发生情况方面均无明显差异,但3D Cage能够减轻术后疼痛,更好恢复椎间隙高度以及加速椎间融合,且功能障碍情况恢复良好。

后路腰椎椎体间融合术后融合器脱出的危险因素分析

目的:探讨腰椎椎体间融合内固定术后融合器脱出(cage retropulsion,CR)的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2017年9月~2021年9月在我院因腰椎椎体间融合内固定术后CR行翻修手术的17例患者,其中男13例,女4例,年龄63.7±9.9岁,纳入CR组。根据相同的融合及固定节段、初次手术时间(±1年)、性别、年龄(±2岁)在无融合器脱出及移位的患者中按照2∶1的比例进行配对共匹配34例作为对照组,其中男26例,女8例,年龄65.2±10.2岁。CR组初次手术平均固定节段数为1.8±0.8个,融合节段数为1.5±0.6个;发现CR距离初次手术时间为7个月(0.75~132个月);17例患者中单个节段CR 15例,两个节段CR 2例。在两组患者术前全脊柱X线片上测量腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)、骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilt,PT)、骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS)、骨盆入射角(pelvic incidence,PI)、腰椎侧位X线片上测量病变节段椎间高度(disc height,DH)、屈伸位X线片上测量椎间隙活动度(range of motion,ROM);通过术前腰椎CT检查测量腰椎椎体CT值;通过腰椎MRI检查定义椎间盘形态;在术后即刻腰椎X线片上测量融合器位置(融合器后缘标记线到下位椎体后上缘的距离与下位椎体上终板前后径的比值)。采用配对样本t检验的方法对两组间资料进行单因素分析,对单因素分析有统计学意义的参数进行Logistic回归分析,寻找CR的独立危险因素。结果:CR组椎体CT值小于对照组(124.8±39.7 vs 147.7±38.2,P=0.011),术后即刻X线片上融合器位置较对照组更靠后(0.15±0.09 vs 0.31±0.07,P<0.001);两组间术前LL(40.8°±12.9°vs 42.4°±7.5°,P=0.717)、PT(19.6°±7.1°vs 17.1°±6.7°,P=0.356)、SS(27.7°±6.5°vs 31.0°±4.3°,P=0.144)、PI(44.3°±13.8°vs 44.7°±13.9°,P=0.926)、DH(10.1±2.4mm vs 8.8±1.4mm,P=0.066)、ROM(4.3°±2.8°vs 4.4°±2.2°,P=0.950)、梨形椎间盘比例(33.3%vs 21.4%,P=0.40)均无统计学差异。Logistic回归分析结果提示椎体CT值低(骨质疏松)(OR=0.975,P=0.043)和融合器位置靠后(OR=28.393,P=0.003)是CR的独立危险因素。结论:骨质疏松与融合器放置靠后是后路腰椎椎体间融合术后CR的危险因素。

椎间融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症术后复发的临床研究

目的:探究不同椎间融合器(cage)治疗术后复发的腰椎间盘突出症(lumbar disc herniation,LDH)的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年1月142例行单纯椎间盘髓核摘除术后复发的LDH患者,均采用通道下联合固定并椎间融合术治疗,根据植入cage类型及数目不同分为单枚解剖组、2枚解剖组和单枚香蕉组。单枚解剖组51例,男29例,女22例;年龄39~65(53.74±5.68)岁;身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)18.62~28.13(22.08±2.15)kg·m-2;手术与复发间隔时间0.5~4.0(2.7±0.8)年;L3,45例,L4,535例,L5S111例;植入单枚解剖型cage。2枚解剖组46例,男25例,女21例;年龄37~66(54.15±6.02)岁;BMI为18.25~28.44(21.74±1.83)kg·m-2;手术与复发间隔时间0.5~5.0(2.7±0.9)年;L3,44例,L4,532例,L5S110例;植入2枚解剖型cage。单枚香蕉组45例,男22例,女23例;年龄38~65(54.49±6.45)岁;BMI为18.85~28.20(21.63±1.59)kg·m-2;手术与复发间隔时间0.5~5.0(2.6±1.0)年;L3,43例,L4,536例,L5S16例;植入单枚香蕉型cage。观察并比较3组手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、术后切口引流量、住院时间、并发症等情况;比较手术前后椎间隙高度、前凸曲度及术后椎间融合情况;分别于术前、术后1和6个月采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)对腰部疼痛程度、腰椎功能进行临床疗效评价。结果:3组患者均获得至少6个月随访,无病例脱落。3组手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、术后切口引流量、住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2枚解剖组、单枚香蕉组术后6个月融合节段椎间隙高度[(11.08±1.78)mm、(10.95±1.62)mm]、前凸曲度[(12.05±1.86)°、(11.63±1.57)°],高于单枚解剖组(10.14±1.54)mm、(10.92±1.45)°,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2枚解剖组、单枚香蕉组术后6个月椎间融合率(95.65%、95.56%),高于单枚解剖组(78.43%);3组术后1、6个月腰部VAS、ODI较术前下降(P<0.05);3组并发症比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:3种融合器治疗LDH术后复发均能取得显著效果,但植入2枚解剖型cage和单枚香蕉型cage更有助于维持LDH术后复发患者椎间隙高度、前凸曲度,可获得良好椎间融合效果。

Pivox固定系统在斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术治疗单节段腰椎疾患中的临床应用

目的:探讨Pivox固定系统在斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术(oblique lateral interbody fusion,OLIF)治疗单节段腰椎疾患中的应用及临床疗效。方法:自2020年5月~2021年1月,收集我院采用单纯OLIF(不行后路椎弓根螺钉固定技术)治疗单节段腰椎疾患(盘源性腰痛、腰椎滑脱、腰椎管狭窄)的患者资料,其中男36例,女33例;年龄32~79岁,平均59.1±5.9岁。分为单纯OLIF组(39例)和Pivox+OLIF组(30例),评估两组的围手术期指标:包括切口长度,手术时间,术中出血量,住院时间;在术前、术后1周、1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月时用疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)对两组临床疗效进行评价,评估并比较两组患者手术前后的椎间隙高度、椎间孔纵径和面积以及术后腰椎融合情况。以及比较两组之间并发症情况。结果:所有患者随访12~18个月,平均14.0±0.3个月,两组之间性别、年龄、疾病类型、手术节段、骨密度、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)等方面比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Pivox+OLIF组手术时间大于OLIF组(P<0.05),而两组之间切口长度、出院时间、术中出血量无统计学差异(P>0.05)。两组组内围手术期VAS评分、ODI比较均为术前高于术后1周及术后1、3、6、12个月(P<0.05),术后1周及术后1、3、6、12个月时,两组之间VAS评分、ODI比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。两组组内椎间隙高度、椎间孔纵径和面积术后1周及术后6、12个月较术前均明显增加(P<0.05),术后1周及术后6、12个月时,Pivox+OLIF组椎间隙、椎间孔纵径和面积增加值均大于OLIF组,但无统计学差异(P>0.05)。两组均有融合器沉降病例,OLIF组有两例发生融合器移位,Pivox+OLIF组无一例融合器移位,两组之间融合率和并发症发生率无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:Pivox+OLIF技术治疗单节段腰椎退行性疾病的近期疗效满意,但相对于单纯OLIF,Pivox+OLIF在椎管减压以及融合器下沉方面并无明显优势。

小尾寒羊颈椎前路椎间盘切除融合模型的建立及评估

目的颈椎间盘突出症(cervical disc herniation,CDH)是骨科常见疾病之一,随着对该疾病研究的深入及颈椎内植物的发展,建立颈椎融合动物模型成为不可或缺的部分,目前国内对颈椎融合动物模型建立及评估的研究报道较少,本研究以期为颈椎融合相关研究提供完备的动物模型和内植物性能的评估方案。方法选择小尾寒羊,改良术式后行颈椎前路椎间盘切除融合术(anterior cervical discectomy and fusion,ACDF),将聚醚醚酮(polyetheretherketone,PEEK)椎间融合器(interbody fusion cage,Cage)(对照组)、3D打印钛合金Cage(实验组1)及新方法钛合金Cage(实验组2)分别植入每只羊的不同颈椎节段(C2/3~C4/5),术后行血液学检测、组织病理学分析评估手术恢复情况及材料生物安全性,利用X光、CT、Micro-CT及定量分析、硬组织切片染色、生物力学试验评估内植物的骨长入及骨融合情况。结果绵羊改良术式ACDF模型建立成功,血液学检测重要指标无显著性差异(P>0.05),组织病理学分析显示均无炎症细胞浸润等病理改变,内植物生物安全性良好,X光及CT显示内固定位置及椎间融合情况良好,术后3个月及6个月Micro-CT及定量分析表明,与PEEK Cage组相比,新方法钛合金Cage组及3D打印钛合金Cage组内部的骨体积/总体积、骨小梁数目显著性升高(P<0.01),骨小梁间距显著性降低(P<0.01),且新方法钛合金Cage组骨质长入更多(P<0.01),硬组织切片染色表明新方法钛合金Cage组及3D打印钛合金Cage组孔隙内有明显骨质长入且较为密实,结合较PEEK Cage组略好,生物力学试验显示,与PEEK Cage组相比,新方法钛合金Cage及3D打印钛合金Cage在一定程度上降低了颈椎屈伸、侧弯、扭转运动范围(P<0.05),同时增强了颈椎的稳定性,且新方法钛合金Cage更有优势(P<0.05)。结论建立绵羊改良术式ACDF模型后,利用合理有效的评估方法,证明了该模型的合理性及有效性,同时说明3种材料的Cage均显示出良好的生物安全性,新方法钛合金Cage及3D打印钛合金Cage较PEEK Cage的骨长入及骨融合性能更强,可增强颈椎的稳定性,且新方法钛合金Cage更有优势。

斜外侧腰椎椎间融合联合经皮椎弓根钉内固定后前凸角与融合器沉降的关系

背景:随着医疗技术的不断进步,斜外侧腰椎椎间融合联合经皮椎弓根钉内固定已成为治疗腰椎退行性疾病的一种常用方法,然而关于术后不同节段前凸角变化与融合器沉降之间的关系尚缺乏深入研究。目的:探究斜外侧腰椎椎间融合联合经皮椎弓根钉固定后不同节段前凸角变化与融合器沉降的关系。方法:选择2019年2月至2023年4月于潍坊市中医院行斜外侧腰椎椎间融合联合经皮椎弓根钉固定治疗的腰椎退行性疾病患者93例为研究对象,根据术后椎间隙高度丢失值,分为融合器沉降组(25例,≥2 mm)和非融合器沉降组(68例,<2 mm)。采用多因素Logistic回归法分析融合器沉降的危险因素,应用逐步回归法评估各危险因素与融合器沉降的关系,构建风险预测模型并评价。结果与结论:①最终校正混杂因素后,腰椎前凸角丢失值和节段前凸角改善值均与融合器沉降风险仍存在独立相关性(P<0.05);②年龄、Oswestry功能障碍指数、椎间隙高度改善值、节段前凸角改善值以及腰椎前凸角丢失值,均是融合器沉降发生的独立影响因素(P<0.05),其中年龄、腰椎前凸角丢失值、椎间隙高度改善值和节段前凸角改善值与融合器沉降关联最紧密;③多元Logistic回归模型分析结果显示,当P=0.80时,约登指数最高,预测效果最好,准确度为89.27%,灵敏度为86.67%,特异度为89.89%;模型评价结果显示,其区分度较好、准确度较高;④随着腰椎前凸角丢失值和节段前凸角改善值升高,融合器沉降风险增加,影响临床疗效;⑤提示年龄、腰椎前凸角丢失值、椎间隙高度改善值和节段前凸角改善值与融合器沉降关联最紧密,临床医生应多加关注。

后路腰椎椎间融合术后伤口渗出的治疗转归

目的探讨后路腰椎椎间融合术(posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF)后伤口渗出的治疗转归,为临床治疗提供理论支持。方法回顾性分析2018年9月至2021年4月收治的因腰椎退行性疾病导致神经或脊髓损伤且经历PLIF术后出现伤口渗出的23例患者资料,根据其临床资料分为感染组(n=10)和非感染组(n=13)。总结比较两组患者的临床表现及治疗过程。结果与非感染组相比,感染组患者术中出血较多(P<0.05),术后感染确诊时间及伤口愈合时间较长(P<0.05),术后第3天血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HB)较低(P<0.05),而血白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)计数、中性粒细胞计数(absolute neutrophil count,ANC)、红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)及C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)较高(P<0.05)。所有患者均治愈出院,且经过1年以上随访无复发。结论PLIF术后伤口渗出后早期正确的鉴别和干预,可取得较好的临床疗效。