Lithium intercalation/de-intercalation behavior of a composite Sn/C thin film fabricated by magnetron sputtering

A tin film of 320 nm in thickness on Cu foil and its composite film with graphite of-50 nm in thickness on it were fabricated by magnetron sputtering. The surface morphology, composition, surface distributions of alloy elements, and lithium intercalation/de-intercalation behaviors of the fabricated films were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, electron probe microanalyzer （EPMA）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry （ICP）, cyclic voltammetry （CV）, and galvanostatic charge/discharge （GC） measurements. It is found that the lithium intercalation/de-intercalation behavior of the Sn film can be significantly improved by its composite with graphite. With cycling, the discharge capacity of the Sn film without composite changes from 570 mAh/g of the 2nd cycle to 270 mAh/g of the 20th cycle, and its efficiency for the discharge and charge is between 90% and 95%. Nevertheless, the discharge capacity of the composite Sn/C film changes from 575 mAh/g of the 2nd cycle to 515 mAh/g of the 20th cycle, and its efficiency for the discharge and charge is between 95% and 100%. The performance improvement of tin by its composite with graphite is ascribed to the retardation of the bulk tin cracking from volume change during lithium intercalation and de-intercalation, which leads to the pulverization of tin.

Intercalation Assembly, Characterization and Luminescent Properties of Novel Supramolecular Composite Materials, Tb(Ⅲ) Complex with Tetrapodal Ligand-Montmorillonite

Two kinds of Tb（ Ⅲ ） complexes with tetrapodal ligand, [TbL（NO3）]^3＋ and [TbL]^3＋ （L： 1,1, 1＇, 1＇-tera （ 2-pyridinecarboxylester ）-di （ trimethylpropane）） were intercalated into the interlayer space of montmorillonite （MT） by ion exchange and coordination reaction of L with the Tb^3＋ ion existing in the interlayer space of Tb-MT respectively. The obtained luminescent supramolecular composite materials, [ TbL （NO3） ]^2＋-MT and [TbL]^3＋-MT were characterized by elemental analysis, XRD, FT-IR, UV-vis and thermal analysis. At the same time, the luminescent properties of the materials were also studied. The results show that the intercalated materials with regular layered structure, good thermal stability and the interlayer spacing （d001） approximates to the size of the complex ions which are located in the interlayer space of MT in the form of a monolayer.

Improvement of visible light-induced photocatalytic performance by Cr-doped SrTiO_3-carbon nitride intercalation compound (CNIC) composite

Novel organic-inorganic composite photocatalyst offers new opportunities in the practical applications of photocatalysis. Novel visible light-induced Cr-doped Sr Ti O3–carbon nitride intercalation compound(CNIC) composite photocatalysts were synthesized. The composite photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy, photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy, and BET surface area analyzer. The photocatalytic oxidation ability of the novel composite photocatalyst was evaluated using methyl orange(MO) as a target pollutant. The photocatalysts exhibited a significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance in degrading MO. For maximizing the photodegradation activity of the composite photocatalysts, the optimal CNIC content was determined. The improved photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared Cr-doped Sr Ti O3–CNIC composite photocatalyst may be attributed to the enhancement of photo-generated electron–hole separations at the interface.

Synthesis and Characterization of Ibuprofen-Rectorite Composites by Solution Intercalation Method

The ibuprofen-rectorite composites were prepared by the solution intercalation method using ibuprofen and rectorite as raw materials, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis, Fourier transform infrared analysis and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The experimental results show that the ibuprofen is intercalated into the interlayer spaces of rectorite. The values of the （001） peaks of the ibuprofen-rectorite composite are larger than that of Na-rectorite and reach the largest when the reaction time and ibuprofen amount is 2 h and 0.36 g, respectively. The layered structure of Na-rectorite is destroyed to some extent with the intercalation of ibuprofen into the interlayer space in the structure of Na-rectorite. A part of ibuprofen in the ibuprofen Na-rectorite covers on the surface of Na-rectorite besides some ibuprofen enters into the interlayer space.

Synthesis of ZnGaNO solid solution–carbon nitride intercalation compound composite for improved visible light photocatalytic activity

Visible-light-driven ZnGaNO solid solution–carbon nitride intercalation compound(CNIC) composite photocatalyst was synthesized via a mixing and heating method. The composite photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy and BET surface area measurements. The activity of ZnGaNO–CNIC composite photocatalyst for photodegradation of methyl orange(MO) is higher than that of either single-phase CNIC or ZnGaNO solid solution. The as-prepared composite photocatalysts exhibit an improved photocatalytic activity due to enhancement for the separation and transport of photo-generated electron–hole pairs.

Synthesis and Characterization of ZSM-5 Molecular Sieve Made from Kaolin/Urea Intercalation Composite

In this paper,the kaolin/urea intercalation composites prepared by direct intercalation method and the catalysis composites containing ZSM-5 molecular sieve synthesized based on the kaolin/urea intercalation composites by an in-situ crystallization technique were investigated.The effects of the intercalation ratios and de-intercalation rate and the amounts of added kaolin/urea intercalation composite on the synthesis of the catalysis composites containing the ZSM-5 molecular sieve were studied.The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction,FT-IR,TG-DTA,N2 adsorption-desorption,and SEM,respectively.The results showed that the structure of the samples prepared by kaolin/urea intercalation composite was pure ZSM-5 molecular sieve.The crystallinity of ZSM-5 molecular sieve increased at first and then decreased with the increase of intercalation ratio of kaolin/urea intercalation composite.When the intercalation ratio was 62%,the crystallinity of ZSM-5 molecular sieve was lower.When the amount of added kaolin/urea intercalation composite with an intercalation ratio of 22%was 3%,the crystallinity of ZSM-5 zeolite was improved to reach 65%.Compared to the crystallization product formed without adding kaolin/urea intercalation composite,the crystallinity of ZSM-5 molecular sieve has increased by 54.8%.The catalytic composites containing ZSM-5 molecular sieve had better thermal stability with a wide pore structure,featuring a particle diameter of about 2.5μm,a BET specific surface area of 236 m^2/g,and a pore size of 10.6 nm.

STUDY OF COMPOSITE BY MELTING INTERCALATION OF POLYACRYLAMIDE IN MONTMORILLONITE

The synthesis of polyacrylamide (PAM)-montmorillinote composite by direct melting intercalation of polymer powders is studied using XRD, IR and DSC. The results show that melt PAM can intercalate into montmorillonite layer. The layered distance(d//0//0//1) of montmorillonite increases, and the melt absorption peak of PAM in layer has eliminated. (Author abstract) 8 Refs.

Composites on Base of the Ultradispersed Polytetrafluoroethylene and Graphite Oxide Intercalated Compounds

Composites based on ultradispersed polytetrafluoroethylene and intercalated graphite oxide compounds with dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborates and methods of their fabrication have been developed. The fabricated composites have been characterized using XRD analysis, and optical microscopy. These composites are distinguished with completeness of their combustion, since the combustion products comprise gaseous boron fluorine-containing compounds of boron, boron trifluoride (BF3), and boron oxyfluoride ((BOF)3). Besides, these composites are characterized with increased energy capacity as compared to purely oxygen-containing compounds, since the heat of formation of boron fluorine-containing compounds is higher than that of boron oxide. Introduction of ultradispersed polytetrafluoroethylene imparts composites with hydrophobicity, thus improving their functioning properties.

Optimum preparation technology for Chinese fir wood/Ca-montmorillonite (Ca-MMT) composite board

For this study, an intercalation compounding method was used to prepare Chinese fir wood/Ca-montmorillonite （Ca-MMT） composite board to improve its properties such as surface mechanical properties, flame retardance and dimensional stability. By virtue of water-soluble phenolic resin （PF）, Chinese fir wood and Ca-MMT were mixed by pressure and vacuum impregnation. The optimum impregnation technology of Chinese fir wood/Ca-MMT composite board was obtained by using an orthogonal design and a single factor design of pressure and vacuum impregnation, using weight percent gain （WPG） as the basic index. The results are as follows： 1） On the basis of the orthogonal design and an actual experiment, the optimum preparation technology of Chinese fir wood/Ca-MMT composite board is 20% PF resin dispersion concentration （wt%）, 1.0 CEC amount of organic intercalation agent, 0.098 MPa vacuum degree, 5% concentration of Ca-MMT and 1.0 MPa pressure. 2） The WPG of the composite board samples of 450 mm length was much larger than that of the samples of 600, 750 and 900 mm length. Warm water extraction contributed little to WPG

Synthesis and Characterization of Exfoliated Graphite/ABS Composites

Exfoliated graphite was prepared by chemical route and then further subjected to thermal oxidation and sonication for size reduction and increased interlayer spacing in natural flake graphite. Exfoliated graphite/ABS composites were pre-pared with varying filler concentration by solution casting method. Exfoliated graphite and composites were character-ised by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry techniques. After thermal exfoliation significant peak of graphite at 2? = 26.4? disappeared completely, confirming successful exfoliation of graphite. SEM images revealed homogeneous dispersion of exfoliated graphite in the matrix and EDAX confirmed successful reduction of graphite oxide.

A Study on a Magnesium-Based Layered Composite Used as a Flame Retardant for Phenolic Epoxy Resins

The effects of a magnesium-based layered composite on the flammability of a phenolic epoxy resin(EP)are studied.In order to produce the required composite material,first,magnesium hydroxide,aluminum salt and deionized water are mixed into a reactor according to a certain proportion to induce a hydrothermal reaction;then,the feed liquid is filtered out using a solid-liquid separation procedure;finally,the material is dried and crushed.In order to evaluate its effects on the flammability of the EP,first,m-phenylenediamine is added to EP and vacuum defoamation is performed;then,EP is poured into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold,cooled to room temperature and demoulded;finally,the magnesium-based layered composite is added to EP,and its flame retardance is characterized by thermogravimetric analysis,limiting oxygen index and cone calorimetry.The X-ray diffraction patterns show that the baseline of magnesium-based layered composite is stable and the front shape is sharp and symmetrical when the molar ratio of magnesium to aluminium is 3.2:1;with the addition of magnesium-based layered composite,the initial pyrolysis temperature of EP of 10%,15%and 30%magnesium-based layered composite decreases to 318.2°C,317.9°C and 357.1°C,respectively.After the reaction,the amount of residual carbon increases to 0.1%,3.45%and 8.3%,and the limiting oxygen index increases by 28.3%,29.1%and 29.6%,respectively.The maximum heat release rate of cone calorimeter decreases gradually.The optimum molar ratio of Mg:Al for green synthesis is 3.2:1,and the NO_(3)-intercalated magnesium-based layered composite has the best flame retardance properties.

Synthesis and characterization of poly acrylic acid/graphite oxide nanocomposite

Acrylic acid intercalated graphite oxide and poly acrylic acid (PAA) intercalated graphite oxide were prepared and characterized by X Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and high resolution electronic microscope (HREM). Results show that the intercalation process is not only a physical diffusion process but also mainly a chemical reaction process. The high resolution electronic microscope results also reveal that the I c value of PAA intercalated graphite oxide (GO) could change widely from 1.6 nm to 4.0 nm.

深部顶板夹煤层巷道变形破坏分析及其控制

为了探究深部顶板夹煤层软岩巷道大变形破坏问题,以平煤六矿三水平戊二胶带运输巷为工程背景,开展夹煤层巷道围岩破坏分析及控制对策的研究。首先,构建原支护体系组合拱力学模型,推导出直墙半圆拱形巷道稳定判别式;其次,提出“锚网索-梁-注浆-组合砂浆锚索”联合返修控制对策,即沿戊8煤层顶板进行巷道扩刷,采用锚网索、梯子梁完成基本支护,对围岩进行深浅孔注浆加固、顶板及两帮关键部位布置组合砂浆锚索等加强支护,并通过数值模拟分析返修前后应力、位移场分布特征;最后,开展工业性试验,并监测矿压。结果表明:两帮及顶底板最大收敛量分别为93、112 mm,后期变形速率均低于1 mm/d,围岩变形得到有效控制,返修效果良好。

壳聚糖-蒙脱土插层复合物对热应激雄性小鼠生殖功能的影响

试验研究了壳聚糖-蒙脱土插层复合物(CS-MMT)对热应激雄性小鼠临床症状、睾丸形态和精子质量的保护作用。选择30只6周龄健康雄性ICR小鼠,随机分为对照组(CON组)、热应激组(HS组)、低剂量CS-MMT组(L组,50 mg/kg CS-MMT)、中剂量CS-MMT组(M组,100 mg/kg CS-MMT)和高剂量CS-MMT组(H组,200 mg/kg CS-MMT),先连续给药7 d后,再热应激处理7 d,采集小鼠组织及精液进行观察。结果显示,与CON组相比,HS组小鼠睾丸组织损伤明显,精子密度显著降低(P<0.05),精子活率和顶体完整性极显著降低(P<0.01),精子畸形率和顶体畸形率极显著升高(P<0.01)。与HS组小鼠相比,CS-MMT组小鼠睾丸组织形态结构明显改善,精子密度增加,精子活率和顶体完整性极显著提高(P<0.01),精子畸形率和顶体畸形率极显著降低(P<0.01),呈剂量依赖性。研究表明,CS-MMT具有缓解热应激引起的雄性小鼠生殖功能损伤的作用,以200 mg/kg的给药量效果较好。

锌离子电池锰基正极材料研究进展

可充电水系锌离子电池是一种环保且电化学性能优异的二次电池,但锰基正极材料在充放电过程中结构易坍塌、导电率低、稳定性差等缺点严重制约了水系锌离子电池的发展。笔者首先阐述了锰基正极材料中锌离子的储存机理,主要有Zn^(2+)嵌入/脱出机理、H+/Zn^(2+)共嵌入/脱出机理和化学转化反应机理。Zn^(2+)嵌入/脱出机理包括无相变反应和新相生成反应。而新相生成反应又分为可逆相变和不可逆相变。然后,基于锰基正极材料面临的问题,讨论了改善其储锌性能的主要方法。目前可采用的方法包括缺陷工程、与导电材料复合、离子掺杂、表面修饰技术等。用以上方法改进后的锰基正极材料表现出了更加优异的性能。

溶液插层法制备BOPP/阻燃硅橡胶复合膜及其性能

使用甲胺溶液对双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)薄膜表面进行活化改性,再采用溶液插层法将阻燃硅橡胶与BOPP薄膜复合制备了BOPP/阻燃硅橡胶复合膜,并研究了复合膜的力学性能、热性能及光学性能。结果表明:BOPP薄膜与阻燃硅橡胶结合紧密,层状结构明显且无层间空隙,无明显分子链团聚现象,复合膜形貌符合实验预期要求;复合膜的弹性模量远高于BOPP薄膜,且与膜层厚度正相关。与阻燃硅橡胶复合,增强了BOPP薄膜的耐热老化性能、热收缩性能,赋予了BOPP薄膜对一般光源进行光散射的性能优势。

高岭土/醋酸钠插层复合材料合成NaY分子筛及其对Cr^(3+)离子的吸附性能

以直接插层法制备的高岭土/醋酸钠插层复合材料(KNM)为原料,采用原位晶化技术成功合成出NaY分子筛,研究了KNM的插层率及KNM添加量对NaY分子筛相对结晶度的影响及其在对重金属Cr^(3+)离子吸附方面的应用。通过粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、N_(2)静态吸附法和电子扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对样品进行表征。结果表明:添加KNM能够合成出纯的NaY分子筛(N-NaY);当KNM添加质量分数低于10%时,与未添加KNM合成的NaY分子筛(R-NaY)相比,其相对结晶度均有所提高;随着KNM添加量的增加,N-NaY的相对结晶度先增加后降低;当加入质量分数1%的插层率90%的KNM时,N-NaY的相对结晶度达到最大值47%;相比于R-NaY,其具有较好的孔结构,孔体积为0.35 cm^(3)/g,BET比表面积为486.86 m^(2)/g;在最佳吸附温度20℃、吸附时间30 min、NaY分子筛用量1.0 g时,N-NaY对Cr^(3+)离子的吸附率可以达到95%。

Structure and photocatalytic properties of TiO_2-Graphene Oxide intercalated composite

TiO2-Graphene Oxide intercalated composite (TiO2-Graphene Oxide) has been successfully prepared at low temperature (80°C) with graphite oxide (GO) and titanium sulfate (Ti(SO4)2) as initial reactants.GO was firstly exfoliated by NaOH and formed single and multi-layered graphite oxide mixture which can be defined as graphene oxide,[TiO]2+ induced by the hydrolysis of Ti(SO4)2 diffused into graphene oxide interlayer by electrostatic attraction.The nucleation and growth of TiO2 crystallites took place at low temperature and TiO2-Graphene Oxide composite was successfully synthesized.Furthermore,the photocatalytic properties of TiO2-Graphene Oxide under the irradiation of UV light were also studied.The results show that the degradation rate of methyl orange is 1.16 mg min-1 g-1(refer to the efficiency of the initial 15 min).Compared with P25 powder,this kind of intercalation composite owns much better efficiency.On the other hand,the reusable properties and stable properties of TiO2-Graphene Oxide intercalated composite are also discussed in this paper.At last,crystalline structure,interface status,thermal properties and microscopic structure of TiO2-Graphene Oxide were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high-resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM).Also,we have analyzed major influencing factors and mechanism of the composite structures which evidently improve the photocatalytic properties.

PA6/蛭石复合材料的制备与性能

以蛭石微粉、尼龙6为主要原料,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为改性剂,采用阳离子交换法和插层法制备PA6/蛭石复合材料,分析蛭石在基体中的分散程度及其对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:未加入改性剂的复合材料中,蛭石分散度较差且与基体的界面相容性不佳,材料表面明显可见团聚状态蛭石颗粒;加入改性剂的复合材料中,蛭石在基体中分散均匀、粒径较小,复合材料表面较平整,团聚态蛭石颗粒显著减少。未改性情况下,材料模量提升明显,最大可提高63.3%,但断裂应力与断裂伸长率在蛭石质量分数大于10%后有所下降;改性后,复合材料模量提升更明显,最大可提高154.5%,断裂应力与断裂伸长率也有显著提升。

聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的研究进展

聚合物 /层状硅酸盐 (PL S)纳米复合材料是一新兴复合材料 ,具有优异的性能 ,是当前材料科学的研究热点之一。本文作者首先简要概述了层状硅酸盐的结构及其表面修饰 ,其中 L S的离子交换容量和插层剂的种类是制备 PL S纳米复合材料的关键因素之一 ;然后介绍了 PL S纳米复合材料的制备方法、微观结构及其特点 ,其主要制备方法是插层复合法 ,包括插层聚合法和聚合物插层法两种 ;最后展望了 PL S纳米复合材料的发展。