The Value of the Soluable Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Levels in Matermal Serum for Determination of Occult Chorioamnionitis in Premature Rupture of Membranes

To compare the diagnostic value of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) with that of c-reactive protein (CRP) for detecting chorioamnionitis (CAM) in serum of women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM), 55 pregnant women with PROM, including 18 pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and 20 normal pregnant women at term (TPROM) were studied. Maternal serum were measured by Sandwish enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) for sICAM. CAM was histologically confirmed after delivery. The results revealed that (1) maternal serum levels of sICAM-1 and CRP were significantly higher in women with PROM than those without it; (2) maternal serum levels of sICAM-1 and CRP were significantly higher in women with CAM than those without it; (3) serum levels of sICAM-1 in PPROM women were similar to those in TPROM women, whereas serum levels of CRP in PPROM women were significantly higher than those in TPROM women; (4) the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, Kappa index and area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of maternal serum sICAM-1 (cutoff 104.7 ng/ml) and CRP(cutoff 1.03 mg/dl) for diagnosing CAM were 100 %, 91.2 %, 87.5 %, 100 %, 0.20, 0.995 and 81.0 %, 73.5 %, 65.4 %, 86.2 %, 0.13, 0.811, respectively; (5) among the mild histological CAM group, severe histological CAM group and clinical CAM group, the difference in maternal serum levels of sICAM-1 were significantly (P<0.001), with the order of concentration from high level to low level corresponding to the severity of CAM. It is concluded that maternal serum level of ICAM-1 is superior to that of CRP as biomarker for diagnosing intraamniotic infection in pregnant women with PROM.

Mild hypothermia effects on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and serum interleukin-6 expression in brain tissues of a rat focal ischemia model

BACKGROUND： Previous studies have confirmed the neuroprotective effect of mild hypothermia on ischemic brain injury. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of mild hypothermia on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and serum interleukin-6 levels in ischemic brain tissues of focal brain ischemia rats, and to explore the neuroprotective effects of mild hypothermia on ischemic brain injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, neurobiological experiment was performed at the Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical College, China from February to July 2006. MATERIALS： Thirty healthy, adult, Sprague Dawley rats were used to establish middle cerebral artery occlusion models using the suture method, The immunohistochemistry （streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method） kit was purchased from Boster, China. Interleukin-6 radioimmunoassay was supplied by Institute of Radioimmunity, Technology Development Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA. METHODS： The rats were equally and randomly assigned into mild hypothermia and control groups, and middle cerebral artery occlusion models were established. The rectal temperature was maintained at （37 ±0.5）℃ in the control group. In the mild hypothermia group, the rectal temperature was maintained at （33±1）℃. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： At 12 hours after model establishment, the ischemic brain hemispheres were coronally sliced at the level of the optic chiasm. The number of intercellular adhesion molecule-1-positive vessels per high-power field was observed with an optical microscope. Serum interleukin-6 levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS： Compared with the control group, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and serum interleukin-6 expressions were significantly decreased in ischemic brain tissues of the mild hypothermia group （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Mild hypothermia exhibits a neuroprotective effect by reducing serum interleukin-6 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression following cerebral ischemia.

Relationship of plasma homocysteine, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, high mobility group box 1 protein with carotid intima-media thickness in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective:To explore the relationship of plasma homocysteine(Hcy),soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1)and high mobility group box 1 protein(HMGB1)with carotid intima-media thickness(c-IMT)in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:A total of 100 elderly patients who were diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus in Baogang Hospital of Inner Mongolia from June 2017 to May 2020 were chosen as research objects.According to c-IMT,they were divided into the normal group(n=35),the mild to moderate group(n=41)and the severe group(n=24).The expression levels of plasma Hcy,sICAM-1 and HMGB1 were compared between groups respectively.Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship of plasma Hcy,sICAM-1,HMGB1 with c-IMT.Results:The comparison in plasma Hcy,sICAM-1,HMGB1 and c-IMT among the three groups of patients was of statistical significance(p<.05).The results of correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of plasma Hcy,sICAM-1 and HMGB1 were positively correlated with c-IMT in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(r=.627,.598,.614;p<.05).Conclusions:The expression levels of plasma Hcy,sICAM-1 and HMGB1 are abnormally increased in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,and related to c-IMT,which can provide a strong evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment by detecting their levels in clinical practice.

Clinical significance of serum intercellular adhesion molecule-1 detection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

INTRODUCTION Since the late 1980s,studies on the expression ofintercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)inpatients with malignancies have demonstrated thatICAM-1 may strongly express in two forms in suchdiseases:membranous one on the surface of tumorcells(membrane-bound ICAM-1)and soluble one incirculation(soluble ICAM-1,sICAM-1).

Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1,D-lactate and diamine oxidase in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

AIM:To study the levels of serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), plasma D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and the potential clinical signif icance.METHODS: Sixty-nine patients with IBD and 30 healthy controls were included in this study. The concentration of sICAM-1 was detected with enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay, the level of D-lactate and DAO was measured by spectroscopic analysis, and the number of white blood cells (WBC) was determined by routine procedure.RESULTS:The levels of sICAM-l, DAO, and WBC in IBD patients were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). sICAM-l in IBD patients was found to be closely related to the levels of DAO and D-lactate (212.94±69.89 vs 6.35±2.35, P=0.000), DAO 212.94±69.89 vs 8.65±3.54, P=0.000) and WBC (212.94±69.89 vs 7.40±2.61, P=0.000), but no signif icant difference was observed between patients with ulcerative colitis and patients with Crohn's disease. The post-treatment levels of sICAM-l, D-lactate and WBC were significantly lower than before treatment (sICAM-l 206.57±79.21 vs 146.21±64.43, P=0.000), (D-lactate 1.46±0.94 vs 0.52±0.32, P=0.000) and (WBC 7.24±0.2.33 vs 5.21±3.21, P=0.000).CONCLUSION: sICAM-1, D-lactate and DAO are closely related to the specific conditions of IBD, and thus could be used as a major diagnostic index.

High level of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 affects prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To determine the cut-off value of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and assess the correlation of ICAM-1 with clinicopathological features and the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients who underwent surgical resection.METHODS: We prospectively collected clinicopathological data from 236 HCC patients who had undergone successful hepatectomy. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal cut-off value of ICAM-1. Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the concentration of ICAM-1 in 236 serum samples isolated from HCC patients and the stratified analysis was used to compare the serum level of ICAM-1 in different HCC subgroups. Immunohistochemistry was performed to test the expression level of the ICAM-1 protein in76 cases of HCC tissues and their adjacent normal liver tissues(ANLT). The survival probability of HCC patients was estimated using Kaplan-Meier plots and differences between the groups were obtained using the log-rank test. Furthermore, independent indicatorsof the prognosis were acquired using a stepwise Cox proportional hazard model to analyze a series of predictors that were associated with disease-free survival(DFS) and overall survival(OS) in HCC patients.RESULTS: Our findings suggested that ICAM-1promotes HCC metastasis and high serum ICAM-1 is significantly associated with alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)(P = 0.022), clinical tumor-node-metastasis stage(P< 0.001), portal vein tumor thrombus(P = 0.005),distant metastasis(P = 0.016) and recurrence(P= 0.034). We further detected the ICAM-1 protein in HCC specimens and found that 56 of 76(73.7%)HCC tissues had ICAM-1 positive staining while only23 of 76(30.3%) ANLT were positively stained(P <0.0001). Survival analysis indicated that HCC patients with increased ICAM-1 concentrations had significantly shorter DFS and OS after resection. A multivariate analysis showed that ICAM-1 > 684 ng/mL was an independent factor for DFS(HR = 1.643; 95%CI:1.125-2.401; P = 0.010) and OS(HR = 1.692; 95%CI:1.152-2.486; P = 0.007).CONCLUSION: ICAM-1 may be a promising serological biomarker for HCC diagnosis and an independent predictor of DFS and OS after surgical resection and may provide a useful reference for the prediction of intra- and extrahepatic metastasis.

Up-regulation of intestinal nuclear factor kappa B and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 following traumatic brain injury in rats

AIM: Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) regulates a large number of genes involved in the inflammatory response to critical illnesses, but it is not known if and how NF-κB is activated and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)expressed in the gut following traumatic brain injury (TBI).The aim of current study was to investigate the temporal pattern of intestinal NF-κB activation and ICAM-1expression following TBI.METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (6 rats in each group) including controls with sham operation and TBI groups at hours 3, 12, 24, and 72, and on d 7. Parietal brain contusion was adopted using weight-dropping method. All rats were decapitated at corresponding time point and mid-jejunum samples were taken. NF-κB binding activity in jejunal tissue was measured using EMSA. Immunohistochemistry was used for detection of ICAM-1 expression in jejunal samples.RESULTS: There was a very low NF-κB binding activity and little ICAM-1 expression in the gut of control rats after sham surgery. NF-κB binding activity in jejunum significantly increased by 160% at 3 h following TBI (P＜0.05 vs control), peaked at 72 h (500% increase)and remained elevated on d 7 post-injury by 390% increase. Compared to controls, ICAM-1 was significantly up-regulated on the endothelia of microvessels in villous interstitium and lamina propria by 24 h following TBI and maximally expressed at 72 h post-injury (P＜0.001). The endothelial ICAM-1 immunoreactivity in jejunal mucosa still remained strong on d 7 post-injury. The peak of NF-κB activation and endothelial ICAM-1 expression coincided in time with the period during which secondary mucosal injury of the gut was also at their culmination following TBI.CONCLUSION: TBI could induce an immediate and persistent up-regulation of NF-κB activity and subsequent up-regulation of ICAM-1 expression in the intestine.Inflammatory response mediated by increased NF-κB activation and ICAM-1 expression may play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute gut mucosal injury following TBI.

Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Immune Response of Inner Ear

To understand the role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in immune response of the inner ear, inner ear immune response was induced in rats by inoculation of keyhole limpet hemocyanine (KLH) into the scala tympani of the animals who had been systemically sensitized. The expression of ICAM-1 in the inner ear was immunohistochemically examined. ICAM-1 was found in the epithelium of the spiral modiolar vein (SMV) with its collecting venules (CVs) as early as 6 h after challenge. Expression of ICAM-1 was observed on the epithelium of the endolymphatic sac (ES) and perisaccular region at 12 h. The intensity of ICAM-1 staining reached its peak within 24 - 48 h in these sites of the inner ear. By day 28, most specimens were devoid of appreciable staining for ICAM-1. Our study demonstrates that adhesion molecules play an important role in extravasation of inflammatory cells from the systemic circulation in the process of inner ear immune response. It also shows that cytokines that control expression of adhesion molecules may be released by cells outside ES, besides those cells in the ES.

Changes of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the serum from patients with acute cerebral infarction

objective: To observe the changes of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1) in the serum of patients with acute cerebral infarctlon (ACI) and their clinical significance. Methods: The concen-tration of sICAM-1 in the serum of 91 patients with ACI was determined with ELISA and then the results were compared wlth those of 43 patients with cerebral hemorrhage and 30 healthy individuals. Results: In the 24th hour after infarction. the concentration of sICAMu-1 in the serum was significantly higher in patients with ACI than in patients with cerebral hemorrhage and normal controls (P< 0. 01). In the patients with ACI, the concentration exhibited an decreasing tendency in the period from the 24th hour to the 14th day andwas correlated with the focal size of cerebral infarction. During the first 14 days after infarction, the concen-tration was significantly higher in the patients with the complication of infection than in those without. Con-clusion: sICAM-1 is closely correlated with clinical manifestation of ACI.

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in the hippocampal CA1 region of hyperlipidemic rats with chronic cerebral ischemia

Chronic cerebral ischemia is a pathological process in many cerebrovascular diseases and it is induced by long-term hypedipidemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. After being fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks, rats were subjected to permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries to establish rat models of chronic cerebral ischemia with hypedipiclemia. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in rat hippocampal CA1 region was determined to better understand the mechanism underlying the effects of hypedipidemia on chronic cerebral ischemia. Water maze test results showed that the cognitive function of rats with hyperlipidemia or chronic cerebral ischemia, particulady in rats with hypedipidemia combined with chronic cerebral ischemia, gradually decreased between 1 and 4 months after occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries. This correlated with pathological changes in the hippocampal CA1 region as detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Immunohistochemical staining showed that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in the hippocampal CA1 region was noticeably increased in rats with hyperlipidemia or chronic cerebral ischemia, in particular in rats with hyperlipidemia combined with chronic cerebral ischemia. These findings suggest that hyperlipidemia aggravates chronic cerebral ischemia-induced neurological damage and cognitive impairment in the rat hippocampal CA1 region which may be mediated, at least in part, by up-regulated expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-l.

Increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in mouse focal cerebral ischemia model

OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively measure the temporal profiles of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) protein in mouse brain after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). METHODS: Adult male CD-1 mice received 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hour(s) of permanent MCAO with an intraluminal suture technique. The degree and the extent of occlusion were determined using a laser Doppler flowmeter. ICAM-1 positive expression in ischemic regions was determined immunohistochemically and ICAM-1 protein was quantitatively measured using immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. RESULTS: After MCAO, surface cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the ischemic hemisphere decreased to 9%-15% of the baseline in each time point of 7 to 8 animals. There were no significant differences in CBF measurement during occlusion between groups. Immunohistochemistry showed that ICAM-1 positive microvascular endothelial cells were observed both in the ischemic core and in the perifocal region. There was a tendency for increasing expression of ICAM-1 positive microvascular endothelial cells from the ischemic core to the ischemic margin. Western blot analysis showed that ICAM-1 expression in the ischemic hemisphere began to increase 3 h after MCAO, peaked at 6 h to 12 h, and persisted to 72 h. CONCLUSIONS: ICAM-1 expression increases in mice with permanent MCAO because ICAM-1 can mediate leukocyte-endothelial adhesion and progression of leukocyte infiltration after permanent focal cerebral ischemia. ICAM-1 is one of the important factors participating in ischemic cerebral damage and pathogenesis of stroke.

Polymorphism K469E of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene and restenosis after coronary stenting in Chinese patients

Background Inflammation is a major cause of restenosis after coronary stenting. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is an important adhesion molecule that plays a key role in the tight adhesion between leukocytes and vascular endothelium. The object of this study was to investigate the association between the K469E polymorphism of the ICAM-1 gene and restenosis after coronary stenting in North Chinese population.Methods The ICAM-1 K469E polymorphism was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method in 124 patients who had undergone coronary stenting and coronary angiography at least 3 months earlier. Information on clinical risk factors and procedure-related data were also collected.Results Of 124 enrolled patients in total, there were 72 cases of in-stent restenosis. The restenosis rate in this population was 58.1 %. The frequencies of the three possible genotypes of the ICAM-1 K469E polymorphism were: KK genotype 50. 8%, EE genotype 41. 9%, and EK genotype 41. 9%. Among restenosis patients, the frequency of the KK genotype was 58. 3% and the frequency of E allele carriers was 41.7%. Among non-restenosis patients, the frequency of the KK genotype was 40.4%, and the frequency of E allele carriers was 59. 6%. The distribution of these two genotype groups between restenosis and non-restenosis patients was significantly different (P=0. 049). Using multivariate logistic regression, the difference between the two groups was more apparent. The odds ratio of KK homozygotes vs E allele carriers was 2. 6, with 95% confidence interval 1. 2 -5. 8 ( P = 0. 018). After grading of risk factors, we found that the KK genotype was a stronger predictor of in-stent restenosis in obesity or hyperlipemia patients, with an odds ratio of 9. 3 and 3. 7, respectively (P <0. 05).Conclusion In our study population, KK homozygotes of the ICAM-1 codon 469 mutation had a higher risk of restenosis after coronary stenting, especially in the case of obese or hyperlipemia patients.

Cardiotrophin-1 induces intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression by nuclear factor κB activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Background In addition to elevated concentrations of cytokines, patients with congestive endothelial dysfunction and increased plasma concentrations of adhesion molecules heart failure （CHF） show ke intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1）. Furthermore, the concentration of cardiotrophin-1 （CT-1） - a cytokine of the interleukin-6 superfamily - is increased in CHF. We tested the hypothesis whether CT-1 is able to induce ICAM-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells （HUVEC）. Furthermore we examined the signalling mechanisms of CT-1 mediated ICAM-1 expression. Methods Confluent layers of HUVEC were incubated with increasing concentrations of CT-1 （5 to 100 ng/ml） for different periods. ICAM-1 mRNA was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and ICAM-1 surface expression by fluorescence-activated cell sorter （FACS） analysis and soluble ICAM-1 （slCAM-1） in the culture supernatant by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. To clarify the signalling pathway of CT-1 induced ICAM-1 expression we used various inhibitors of possible signal transducing molecules, electromobility shift assay （EMSA） and Western blot analysis. Results CT-1 induced ICAM-1 mRNA （1.8±0.8 fold increase compared to unstimulated cells after 6 hours） and protein （1.4±0.2 fold increase compared to unstimulated cells after 48 hours） in HUVEC in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. EMSA experiments show that CT-1 causes nuclear factor （NF） κB activation. Because parthenolide could inhibit CT-1 induced ICAM-1 expression NFκB activation is required in this pathway. CT-1 did not activate extracellular signal regulated kinases （ERK）, c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK） and p38. Conclusion CT-1 is able to induce ICAM-1 in endothelial cells by NFκB activation. These results may explain in part elevated ICAM-1 concentrations in patients with CHF and endothelial dysfunction.

A clinical evaluation of serum concentrations of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in patients with gastric cancer

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Changes of pulmonary intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and CD11b/CD18 in peripheral polymorphonuclear neutrophils and their significance at the early stage of burns

Objective: To investigate the role of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM 1) in the accumulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in the lungs at the early stage of burns. Methods: Myeloperoxidase content in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected. ICAM 1 and its mRNA expression in lung tissues were determined by immunohistochemical method and in situ hybridization. CD11b/CD18 expression on the peripheral PMNs was measured by flowcytometry. Results: The levels of myeloperoxidase in lung tissues and BALF after burn injury were markedly higher than those of control. Expression of ICAM 1 and its mRNA in the lung tissues and CD11b/CD18 on peripheral PMNs surface was significantly increased at 2, 6, 12, 24 h after burns. Conclusions: PMNs accumulation in the lungs is related to increased ICAM 1 expression on pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and CD11b/CD18 expression on PMN at the early stage of burn injury.

Effect of heparin on the expressions of serum intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and hippocampus S100β protein after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in rabbits

Objective: Use heparin during cardiac arrest(CA) in rabbits and observe the serum intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and hippocampal S100β protein expressions after cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR). Methods: Thirty-two New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into, Group Ⅰ,control group; Group Ⅱ, saline group; Group Ⅲ, heparin group. Each animal underwent continuous hemodynamic monitoring including mean arterial pressure(MBP), heart rate(HR), and the end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure(Pet CO2). Twenty-four hours after resuscitation, serum and hippocampal neurons were collected from all animals. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum ICAM-1 and immunohistochemistry to detect the S100β protein in hippocampal neurons.According to the rate of positive cells, each hippocampal specimen was categorized into four expression levels. Results: The differences in the serum ICAM-1 concentration in the three groups were statistically significant. The expression of S100β protein in the hippocampus showed eight cases in group Ⅰ at level 1 and none in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ. There was 1 case in group Ⅱ and 7 cases in group Ⅲ at level 2; five cases in group Ⅱ and 2 cases in group Ⅲ at level 3; 2 cases in group Ⅱ and 1 case in group Ⅲ at level 4. The expression strength of S100β protein in the three groups differed significantly(P < 0.05). Conclusions: Heparin therapy can reduce the expression of serum ICAM-1 and S100βprotein in hippocampal neurons during CPR. It is possible that heparin can have a positive effect on brain protection during CPR.

Expression of intercellular adhesive molecule-1 in liver cancer tissues and liver cancer metastasis

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Different expression pattern of serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecules-1 and neutrophilic expression of CD18 in patients with diabetic retinopathy

AIM: To investigate the levels of serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (sICAM-1) and neutrophilic expression of CD18 in patients with various stages of diabetic retinopathy and to determine their different expression pattern in the development of diabetic retinopathy(DR). METHODS: Levels of serum sICAM-1 and CD18 on the surface of neutrophile were measured in 41 DR patients, they were classified in three subgroups according to the stage of retinopathy as determined by fund's ophthalmoscopy; 10 control subjects were also studied. sICAM-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and CD18 by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The neutrophilic CD18 expression and serum sICAM-1 level were all significantly elevated in all diabetic subgroups compared to control subjects (P <0.01). The differences of CD18 and sICAM-1 among the diabetic subgroups were significant in CD18 but not in sICAM-1. The progression of retinopathy was associated with an increase both in CD18 and in sICAM-1 levels by simple correlation analysis (beta =0.74, P<0.001; beta =0.38, P<0.01, respectively). But stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that only CD18 Was independent determinant of retinopathy (beta =1.04, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Our results confirm the contribution of endothelial and neutrophilic activation in the development of DR as indicated by increased levels of CD18 and sICAM-1. However, a direct implication of CD18 and ICAM-1 in the progression of DR can be supported only in the CD18 but not ICAM-1. CD18 and ICAM-1 may play different role in the development of diabetic retinopathy.

Intercellular adhesion molecule-5 protects PAJU cells during in vitro ischemia following cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND： Intercellular adhesion molecule-5 （ICAM-5） relieves the damage of beta-amyloid protein to PAJU cells, However, little is known about how ICAM-5 works as a neurotrophic factor, or whether ICAM-5 lessens neuronal damage under ischemic conditions following cerebral infarction. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of ICAM-5 on PAJU cells growth in serum-free medium under ischemic conditions following cerebral infarction. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The cytological in vitro study was performed at the Central Laboratory, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China, in June 2009. MATERIALS： Human ICAM-5 gene transfected into PAJU-TLN cells was supplied by the Life Science College, Helsinki University, Finland. Empty vector transfected PAJU-NEO cells were established by the Gene Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China. METHODS： PAJU-TLN cells transfected with human ICAM-5 or empty vector were incubated in serum-free medium. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Phase contrast microscopy was used to observe changes in PAJU cell morphology. 3-（4, 5-dimethylthiazolzyl）-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide was used to determine cell viability. Hoechst 33258 was used to stain cell nuclei. Flow cytometry was utilized to measure the apoptosis rate of both PAJU-TLN and PAJU-NEO cells. RESULTS： Both PAJU-TLN and PAJU-NEO cells were injured by cultivating in serum-free medium, but the survival rate of PAJU-TLN cells was significantly higher. CONCLUSION： ICAM-5 protects PAJU-TLN cells from serum deprivation-induced apoptosis, induces the outgrowth of PAJU cells, and diminishes their morphologic impairment.

Effects of TCMP-1 on the changes of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in acute edematous pancreatitis

BACKGROUND: Traditional Chinese medicine is a potent agent in the management of clinical and experimental acute pancreatitis (AP), but the molecular mechanism of its the- rapeutic action is unclear. Numerous experimental and clinical studies have shown that platelet endothelial cell ad- hesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) is pivotal to leukocyte re- cruitment, which results in microcirculatory injury during inflammation, but its role in acute pancreatitis is poorly un- derstood. We investigated the effects of a compound of tra- ditional Chinese medicine pancreatitis-1 (TCMP-1) on the changes of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) expression on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in acute edematous pancreatitis (AEP). METHODS: The model of acute pancreatitis was estab- lished by subcutaneous injection of caerulein, and TCMP-1 treated groups were given TCMP-1 by catheterization from mouth to stomach (20 ml/kg) immediately after first time subcutaneous injection of caerulein. The changes of expres- sion of PECAM-1 on leukocytes from the blood of the splenic vein and inferior vena cava were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: In the AEP group, expression of PECAM-1 on PMNs was not significantly different between pancreatic microcirculation and systemic circulation at AEP2h and AEP4h time point. Then from AEP4h time point to AEP8h time point, expression of PECAM-1 was up-regulated in systemic circulation while it was down-regulated in pancre- atic microcirculation and was significantly different be- tween pancreatic microcirculation and systemic circulation at AEP8h time point (P<0.05). In the TCMP-1 treated group, compared with the AEP group, expression of PE-CAM-1 on PMNs decreased in different levels between pan- creatic microcirculation and systemic circulation and was of significant difference at AEP8h time point (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: Inhibition of PECAM-1 expression on PMNs may prevent PMNs from transmigration through the endo- thelium and may be one of the treatment mechanisms of TCMP-1 decoction on AEP.