Analysis of Roadbed Splicing at Hub Interchanges

This article discusses the roadbed splicing for hub interchanges.The article starts with a description of the characteristics of junction roadbed splicing.The application of splicing technology is explained using a subgrade splicing scheme of a project.Roadbed splicing involves stepwise excavation and preparative measures like surface cleaning and backfilling.This article serves to provide a valuable reference for road and bridge construction and improve the quality of China’s road and bridge projects,so as to achieve sustainable development of the road and bridge engineering industry.

Design and Engineering of Urban Interchange Ramp Bridge Structure

This paper analyzes the structural design of an urban interchange ramp bridge from four aspects,which are the superstructure,pier structure,foundation structure,and deck structure design to summarize the structural design ideas of this urban interchange ramp bridge,which can be used as a reference for future construction of the same bridge.

The Golden Ratio Theorem: A Framework for Interchangeability and Self-Similarity in Complex Systems

The Golden Ratio Theorem, deeply rooted in fractal mathematics, presents a pioneering perspective on deciphering complex systems. It draws a profound connection between the principles of interchangeability, self-similarity, and the mathematical elegance of the Golden Ratio. This research unravels a unique methodological paradigm, emphasizing the omnipresence of the Golden Ratio in shaping system dynamics. The novelty of this study stems from its detailed exposition of self-similarity and interchangeability, transforming them from mere abstract notions into actionable, concrete insights. By highlighting the fractal nature of the Golden Ratio, the implications of these revelations become far-reaching, heralding new avenues for both theoretical advancements and pragmatic applications across a spectrum of scientific disciplines.

EDI膜块离子交换树脂层态分布研究及分析

为掌握电去离子(EDI)膜块内离子交换树脂层态分布规律,首先分析了EDI离子交换树脂迁移失效层、交换稳定层和水解保护层的工作原理和特点,随后通过实验测试了进水电导率和运行电流对离子交换树脂层态分布的影响。结果表明,水解保护层厚度与进水电导率负相关,与运行电流正相关,水解保护层是保证EDI膜块产水水质的关键点。在进水电导率≤10μS/cm(25℃)时,水解保护层厚度占整个树脂层厚度的比例≥11.43%,可以很好地保证EDI膜块产水电导率<0.1μS/cm(25℃)。在进水电导率为5μS/cm、产品水电导率<0.1μS/cm(25℃)时,提高运行电流可以增大水解保护层厚度,且水解保护层厚度与运行电流成线性关系。

Design Strategy of Collector-Distributor Lanes in Urban Interchanges

Based on the functions and characteristics of the interchange collector-distributor lanes,with Harbin as an example,it is proposed in this paper that the local characteristics and traffic flow characteristics should be considered in the design of the interchange collector-distributor lanes,which includes the analysis of function,location,and many other aspects,in hopes to provide reference for the design of collector-distributor lanes in other regions of our country.

Expressway Route and Interchange Design

With the rapid development of the socio-economy and the growing demand for transportation,highways have become an indispensable and important part of the modern transportation network.The design of highway routes and interchanges is a key link in highway construction,which directly affects the efficiency,safety,and traffic smoothness of highways.Based on this,this article analyzes in detail the highway route design and the design of two common interchanges,in order to improve the highway route design and the quality and efficiency of highway construction.

Design Strategies of Expressway Routes and Interchanges

Road traffic conditions can have an important impact on the economic development of various regions.Under the background of rapid social and economic development,more and more expressway construction projects are initiated in various regions,including both new expressways and expansion of old expressways,and interchange design plays an important role.Scientific and reasonable interchange design can not only realize energy saving and low carbon footprint,but also be people-oriented and promote regional economic development.Therefore,this paper mainly analyzes the highway route and its interchange design strategy for reference.

Analysis of Interchange Exit Safety Technology

In order to improve the safety of the exit of expressway interchanges,the main problems and influencing factors of interchange exits are analyzed according to the number of traffic accidents at expressway interchange exits in China.Some suggestions and countermeasures are then put forward from the aspect of safety technology for future reference.

Strategies for Ramp Route Design of Highway Interchange

The rapid advancement of urban transportation in modern China has driven urban economic developments.However,the progressively congested traffic conditions have affected the productivity and daily life of the people.To mitigate the congestion problem,necessary road designs should be implemented along the highways,for example highway interchanges.The application of highway interchanges in past cases have proven to effectively avoid traffic flow conflicts,reduce highway traffic congestion,and reduce traffic accidents,this is conducive to ensuring the safety and efficiency of the highway.In order to improve the safety and convenience of urban road traffic,this paper analyzes the strategy of using interchange ramp route designs for highway traffic.

多级RO+EDI产水系统运行控制研究

主要研究了大型化工企业的多级RO+EDI产水系统日常运营中,RO反渗透清洗运行周期、多介过滤器日常反洗及日常反渗透加药控制、酸碱清洗对RO膜电导及产水量影响、EDI电压电流控制对多级RO+EDI产水系统运行的影响。通过多组运行数据的对照,查找出最优工艺数据而后再进行优化结果,确定日常运行的最优数据的工艺控制路线。同时本文也探讨了原水指标对整个系统电导等产水指标的影响。

Analysis and Research on Interchange and Expansion options of Expressway

China's road network consists of numerous older expressways experiencing high traffic volumes and severe congestion,necessitating urgent reconstruction and expansion efforts.This study discusses the reconstruction and expansion project of the Yinkun Expressway's Chongqing High-tech Zone to Rongchang District section,with a detailed exploration of the entire design process.Through a comprehensive analysis,the strengths and weaknesses of different plans are examined,so as to determine the optimal plan.The design chosen saves costs while effectively addressing traffic demands.Additionally,the study summarizes the valuable design insights gained from this interchange transformation,aiming to provide valuable reference for similar interchange projects in the future.

EDI水处理技术及其在电厂的应用

我国经济水平和科技能力的持续进步,也推动了我国电厂的蓬勃发展。随着我国正式推行绿色可持续性发展的战略方针,社会各界对于电厂的节能环保能力也有更高的要求。电厂企业需要提高自身环保性能,对现有污染处理技术加以研究,为自身未来发展提供保障。EDI水处理技术是电厂常用的污水处理技术之一,EDI水处理技术的优点在于处理效果好、成本低,不产生大量酸碱废水,运行管理方便,在我国电厂的应用频率非常高。本文针对EDI水处理技术加以阐述,并对EDI水处理技术在某电厂的实际应用加以分析和研究。

Cayley图与变换图(Interchange Graph)

设s_x是n次对称群,M_x是由s_x的一些奇置换组成的共轭类,对任意n本文得到了Cayley图类Cay(M_x,S_x)的点连通度、直径、Hamiltonian 性及其它一些图论性质,同时本文还发现一类变换图G(R^x(1),S^x(1))与Cay(M,S_x)是同构的图类,(其中R^x(1),S^x(1)分别是n维全1行和、列和向量,M是s_x的对换全体),从而得到这类变换图与Cayley图Cay(M_x,S_x)相平行的一些性质。

Interchange between grooming and infant handling in female Tibetan macaques(Macaca thibetana)

In some non-human primates, infants function as a social tool that can bridge relationships among group members. Infants are a desired commodity for group members, and mothers control access to them. The biological market theory suggests that grooming is widespread and represents a commodity that can be exchanged for infant handling. As a limited resource, however, the extent to which infants are interchanged between mothers(females with an infant) and non-mothers(potential handlers,females without an infant) remains unclear. In this study, we collected behavioral data to investigate the relationship between grooming and infant handling in free-ranging Tibetan macaques(Macaca thibetana)at Mt. Huangshan, China. Our results showed that females with infants received more grooming than females without infants. After her infant was handled,mother females received more grooming than they did during daily grooming interactions. However, with the increasing number of infants within the social group, both the grooming that mothers received and the grooming that non-mothers invested for handling infants decreased. We also found that non-mothers invested more time in grooming to gain access to younger infants than older infants. Our results provide evidence that infants are social commodities for both mother and non-mother females. Mothers use infants for obtain grooming and non-mothers use grooming to gain access to infants. The current study implies a bidirectional and complex interchange pattern between grooming and infant handling to compensate for the dyadic grooming disparity in non-human primates.

Device interchangeability on anterior chamber depth and white-to-white measurements: a thorough literature review

We have reviewed a set of recently published studies that compared the anterior chamber depth（ACD） and/or white-to-white（WTW） distance obtained by means of different measuring devices.Since some of those studies reached contradictory conclusions regarding device interchangeability,this review was carried out in attempting to clarify which clinical devices can or cannot be considered as interchangeable in clinical practice to measure ACD and/or WTW distance,among these devices：A-scan,ultrasound biomicroscopy,Orbscan and Orbscan Ⅱ（Bausch＆Lomb Surgical Inc.,San Dimas,California,USA）,Pentacam and Pentacam HR（Oculus,Wetzlar,Germany）,Galilei（Ziemer,Switzerland）,Visante optical coherence tomography（Visante OCT,Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc.,Dublin,California,USA）,lOLMaster（Carl Zeiss Meditec,Jena,Germany）,and Lenstar LS 900/Biograph（Haag-Streit AG,Koeniz,Switzerland/Alcon Laboratories Inc.,Ft Worth,Texas,USA）.

Diverging Diamond Interchange Performance Measures Using Connected Vehicle Data

Since the first Diverging Diamond Interchange (DDI) implementation in 2009, most of the performance studies developed for this type of interchange have been based on simulations and historical crash data, with a small number of studies using Automated Traffic Signal Performance Measures (ATSPM). Simulation models require considerable effort to collect volumes and to model actual controller operations. Safety studies based on historical crashes usually require from 3 to 5 years of data collection. ATSPMs rely on sensing equipment. This study describes the use of connected vehicle trajectory data to analyze the performance of a DDI located in the metropolitan area of Fort Wayne, IN. An extension of the Purdue Probe Diagram (PPD) is proposed to assess the levels of delay, progression, and saturation. Further, an additional PPD variation is presented that provides a convenient visualization to qualitatively understand progression patterns and to evaluate queue length for spillback in the critical interior crossover. Over 7000 trajectories and 130,000 GPS points were analyzed between the 7th and the 11th of June 2021 from 5:00 AM to 10:00 PM to estimate the DDI’s arrivals on green, level of service, split failures, and downstream blockage. Although this technique was demonstrated for weekdays, the ubiquity of connected vehicle data makes it very easy to adapt these techniques to analysis during special events, winter storms, and weekends. Furthermore, the methodologies presented in this paper can be applied by any agency wanting to assess the performance of any DDI in their jurisdiction.

Diamond Interchange Performance Measures Using Connected Vehicle Data

Diamond interchanges are frequently used where a freeway intersects a two-way surface street. Most of the techniques to evaluate the performance of diamond interchanges rely on the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), simulation, Automated Traffic Signal Performance Measures (ATSPMs), and historical crash data. HCM and simulation techniques require on-site data collection to obtain models’ inputs. ATSPMs need high-resolution controller event data acquired from roadway sensing equipment. Safety studies typically need 3 to 5 years of crash data to provide statistically significant results. This study utilizes commercially available connected vehicle (CV) data to assess the performance and operation of a three- and four-phase diamond interchange located in Indianapolis, Indiana, and Dallas, Texas, respectively. Over 92,000 trajectories and 1,400,000 GPS points are analyzed from August 2020 weekdays CV data. Trajectories are linear-referenced to generate Purdue Probe Diagrams (PPDs) from which arrivals on green (AOG), split failures, downstream blockage, and movement-based control delay are estimated. In addition, an extension of the PPD is presented that characterizes the complete journey of a vehicle travelling through both signals of the diamond interchange. This enhanced PPD is a significant contribution as it provides an analytical framework and graphical summary of the operational characteristics of how the external movements traverse the entire system. The four-phase control showed high internal progression (99% AOG) compared to the moderate internal progression of the three-phase operation (64% AOG). This is consistent with the design objectives of three- and four-phase control models, but historically these quantitative AOG measures were not possible to obtain with just detector data. Additionally, a graphical summary that illustrates the spatial distribution of hard-braking and hard-acceleration events is also provided. The presented techniques can be used by any agency to evaluate the performance of their diamond interchanges without on-site data collection or capital investments in sensing infrastructure.

DESIGN OF INTERCHANGE RAMP ALIGNMENT WITH BLOCK-BUILDING METHOD

This paper presents a block-building method for the alignment design ofinterchange rampe.Giving starting coprdinates and direction, an ideal alignment isbuilt up by choosing desirable type and argunient of one of the three basic buildingbleeks:tangent,arc and spiral.In addition,with the hereafter provided calculationdiagrains and prograni package,the interchange aligrmient drawing and layout draw-ing can be acquired aseily.

Comparison and interchangeability of macular thickness measured with Cirrus OCT and Stratus OCT in myopic eyes

AIMTo investigate the difference of macular thickness measurements between stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Cirrus OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA) in the same myopic patient and to develop a conversion equation to interchange macular thickness obtained with these two OCT devices.METHODSEighty-nine healthy Chinese adults with spherical equivalent (SE) ranging from -1.13 D to -9.63 D were recruited. The macular thickness was measured by Cirrus OCT and Stratus OCT. The correlation between macular thickness and axial length and the agreement between two OCT measurements were evaluated. A formula was generated to interchange macular thickness obtained with two OCT devices.RESULTSAverage macular thickness measured with Stratus OCT (r=-0.280, P=0.008) and Cirrus OCT (r=-0.224, P=0.034) were found to be negatively correlated with axial length. No statistically significant correlation was found between axial length and central subfield macular thickness (CMT) measured with Stratus OCT (r=0.191, P=0.073) and Cirrus OCT (r=0.169, P=0.113). The mean CMT measured with Cirrus OCT was 53.63±7.94 µm thicker than with Stratus OCT. The formula CMTCirrus OCT=78.328+0.874×CMTStratus OCT was generated to interchange macular thickness obtained with two OCT devices.CONCLUSIONMacular thickness measured with Cirrus OCT were thicker than with Stratus OCT in myopic eyes. A formula can be used to interchange macular thickness measured with two OCT devices in myopic eyes. Studies with different OCT devices and larger samples are warranted to enable the comparison of macular values measured with different OCT devices.

Secure Interchange Routing

Locations that connect tracks from different rail-road companies—referred to as interchange points—ex- change crew, locomotives, and their associated consists. Because trains have a single degree of freedom in movement, that is, they can only operate along the tracks, any delay occurring at an interchange point causes cascading delays in connecting tracks. In addition, authentication and authorization that is expected to take place at interchanges in PTC controlled train movement may add extra delays due to mutual authentication between two security domains. In this paper we propose a model that can address safety and security con- cerns and their interrelationships that govern train movement through an interchange point. We show how a profile of safe operations can be computed for operating an interchange point.