Expression of interferon inducible protein-10 in pancreas of mice

AIM: To investigate the expression of interferon inducible protein-10 (IP-10) in pancreas of mice and to discuss its possible role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.METHODS: Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice were used as experiment group and BALB/c mice as non-diabetic prone model. Immunohistochemistry method was used to evaluate the expression of IP-10 in the pancreas of NOD mice and BALB/c mice. Immunoelectron microscope was used to show the location of IP-10 in pancreatic islet β cells.RESULTS: Pancreatic islets were positively stained in all the NOD mice. Insulitis could be found in mice at the age of 4 wk. The weakly positive results were found in control group with no insulitis. Immunoelectron microscopy further demonstrated that IP-10 was produced by pancreatic β cells and stored in cytoplasm of the cells.CONCLUSION: IP-10 can be largely produced in pancreatic islets of NOD mice at the age of 2 wk when there is no significant insulitis, and may play an important part in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes by attracting immune cells to infiltrate the pancreatic islets.

Inducible protein-10 as a predictive marker of antiviral hepatitis C treatment:A systematic review

To investigate interferon-γ-inducible protein-10’s (IP-10) potential to anticipate rapid (RVR)- and sustained virological responses (SVR) to chronic hepatitis C (CHC) treatment. METHODSWe included case series examining RVR or SVR in relation to 24 or 48 wk treatment for CHC, in patients treatment free for at least six months, with genotype 1 or 4, and in relation to 24 wk treatment for genotype 2 and 3, with pegylated interferon in combination with ribavirin. Patients had to have both a baseline IP-10 level as well as a hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA determination 4 wk after treatment initiation or 24 wk after end of treatment. Studies including patients with liver diseases other than CHC, human immunodeficiency virus-infection, treatment with immunosuppresents or cytostatica, alcohol dependency or active intravenous drug-use were excluded. We found 81 articles by searching the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Eight studies were eligible for inclusion. Their quality were assesed using an 18 point checklist for case series, developed using a modified Delphi technique. Information was extracted from the articles, and no raw data was requisitioned. The review protocol was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (reg. number: CRD42014008736). RESULTSThree studies reported on baseline IP-10 level in association with RVR. A signigficant association was found for HCV genotype 1 infection by two studies. Only two studies reported on HCV genotype 4 infected and genotype 2 and 3 infected patients, respectively. A trend was seen for an association between RVR and baseline IP-10 for genotype 4, while no association was found for genotype 2 and 3. Seven studies provided information regarding baseline IP-10 and SVR. Following the pattern regarding rapid virological response all five studies examining SVR in relation to baseline IP-10 levels for HCV, genotype 1 infected patients showed a significant association. Likewise a significant association was seen for HCV, genotype 4 infected, while no association was found for HCV, genotype 2 and 3 infected. Though only two studies examined the assosiation for HCV genotype 4 infected and HCV genotype 2 and 3 infected respectively. CONCLUSIONWe found indications of a possible association between baseline IP-10 level and virological responses in patients with CHC genotype 1 and 4.

Serum levels of chemokines in adolescents with major depression treated with fluoxetine

BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)is a global health issue that affects 350 million people of all ages.Although between 2%and 5.6%of affected individuals are adolescents,research on young patients is limited.The inflammatory response contributes to the onset of depression,and in adult MDD patients,symptom severity has been linked to chemokine levels.AIM To determine the differences in circulatory levels of chemokines in healthy volunteers(HVs)and adolescents with MDD,and assess the changes induced by fluoxetine consume.METHODS The 22 adolescents with MDD were monitored during the first 8 wk of clinical follow-up and clinical psychiatric evaluation was done using the Hamilton depresión rating scale(HDRS).The serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),macrophage inflammatory protein(MIP)-1α,MIP-1β,interleukin(IL)-8,interferon gamma-induced protein(IP)-10,and eotaxin were measured in patients and HVs.RESULTS In all cases,significant differences were detected in circulating chemokine levels between patients before treatment and HVs(P<0.0001).All chemokines decreased at 4 wk,but only MCP-1 and IL-8 significantly differed(P<0.05)between 0 wk and 4 wk.In the patients,all chemokines rose to their initial concentrations by 8 wk vs 0 wk,but only IP-10 did so significantly(P<0.05).All patients experienced a significant decrease in HDRS scores at 4 wk(P<0.0001)and 8 wk(P<0.0001)compared with 0 wk.CONCLUSION Despite the consumption of fluoxetine,patients had significantly higher chemokine levels,even after considering the improvement in HDRS score.The high levels of eotaxin,IP-10,and IL-8 partially explain certain aspects that are affected in MDD such as cognition,memory,and learning.