Driving Range Parametric Analysis of Electric Vehicles Driven by Interior Permanent Magnet Motors Considering Driving Cycles

This paper presents parametric analysis of driving range of electric vehicles driven by V-type interior permanent magnet motors aiming at maximum driving range,i.e.,minimal total energy consumption of the motors over a driving cycle.Influence of design parameters including tooth width,slot depth,split ratio(the ratio of inner diameter to outer diameter of the stator),and V-type magnet angle on the energy consumption of the motors and driving range of electric vehicles over a driving cycle is investigated in detail.The investigation is carried out for two typical driving cycles with different characteristics to represent different conditions:One is high-speed,low-torque cycle-Highway Fuel Economy Test and the other is low-speed,high-torque cycle-Artemis Urban Driving Cycle.It shows that for both driving cycles,the same parameters may have different influence on the energy consumption of the motors,as well as driving range of electric vehicles.

Optimization Design of High-speed Interior Permanent Magnet Motor with High Torque Performance Based on Multiple Surrogate Models

In order to obtain better torque performance of high-speed interior permanent magnet motor(HSIPMM) and solve the problem that electromagnetic optimization design is seriously limited by its mechanical strength, a complete optimization design method is proposed in this paper. The object of optimization design is a 15 kW、20000 r/min HSIPMM whose permanent magnets in rotor is segmented. Eight structural dimensions are selected as its optimization variables. After design of experiment(DOE), multiple surrogate models are fitted, a set of surrogate models with minimum error is selected by using error evaluation indexes to optimize, the NSGA-II algorithm is used to get the optimal solution. The optimal solution is verified by load test on a 15 kW, 20000 r/min HSIPMM prototype. This paper can be used as a reference for the optimization design of HSIPMM.

Analysis of temperature field for a surface-mounted and interior permanent magnet synchronous motor adopting magnetic-thermal coupling method

Aiming at obtaining high power density of surface-mounted and interior permanent magnet synchronous motor(SIPMSM),it is important to accurately calculate the temperature field distribution of SIPMSM,and a magnetic-thermal coupling method is proposed.The magnetic-thermal coupling mechanism is analyzed.The thermal network model and finite element model are built by this method,respectively.The effects of power frequency on iron losses and temperature fields are analyzed by the magnetic-thermal coupling finite element model under the condition of rated load,and the relationship between the load and temperature field is researched under the condition of the synchronous speed.In addition,the equivalent thermal network model is used to verify the magnetic-thermal coupling method.Then the temperatures of various nodes are obtained.The results show that there are advantages in both computational efficiency and accuracy for the proposed coupling method,which can be applied to other permanent magnet motors with complex structures.

Application of neural networks for permanent magnet synchronous motor direct torque control

Neural networks require a lot of training to understand the model of a plant or a process. Issues such as learning speed, stability, and weight convergence remain as areas of research and comparison of many training algorithms. The application of neural networks to control interior permanent magnet synchronous motor using direct torque control （DTC） is discussed. A neural network is used to emulate the state selector of the DTC. The neural networks used are the back-propagation and radial basis function. To reduce the training patterns and increase the execution speed of the training process, the inputs of switching table are converted to digital signals, i.e., one bit represent the flux error, one bit the torque error, and three bits the region of stator flux. Computer simulations of the motor and neural-network system using the two approaches are presented and compared. Discussions about the back-propagation and radial basis function as the most promising training techniques are presented, giving its advantages and disadvantages. The system using back-propagation and radial basis function networks controller has quick parallel speed and high torque response.

Optimization of Vibration and Noise Performance of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicles

In the design of the motor used for electric vehicles(EVS),vibration and noise problems are often ignored,which reduce the reliability and service life of the motor.In this paper,an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor(IPMSM)with high power density is taken as an example,and its electromagnetic vibration and noise problem is investigated and optimized.Firstly,the factors that generate the electromagnetic force harmonic of IPMSM are analyzed by theoretical derivation.Furthermore,the mode and electromagnetic harmonic distribution of the motor are calculated and analyzed by establishing the electromagnetic-structure-sound coupling simulation model.Then,by combining finite element method(FEM)with modern optimization algorithm,an electromagnetic vibration and noise performance optimization method is proposed in the electromagnetic design stage of the motor.Finally,an IPMSM is optimized by this method for electromagnetic vibration and noise performance.The results of comparison between before and after optimization prove the feasibility of the method.

基于ADE优化的IPMSM全速域无传感器控制

为了实现内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)全速域的无传感器控制和切换速域的平滑过渡,提出了一种基于自适应差分进化(ADE)算法优化的复合控制方法。分别在零低速域、中高速域采用旋转高频电压注入法和滑模观测器法来对电机转速和转子位置进行估算,并在切换速域采用基于ADE算法的权重系数优化法来实现上述两种控制方法的平滑切换,从而实现IPMSM全速域无传感器控制。仿真结果表明:提出的复合控制方法能够实现电机全速域的无感控制和切换速域的平滑过渡,且具有良好的稳定性。

IPMSM全速域无位置传感器控制策略

为了实现内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)无位置传感器系统全速域运行,提出一种改进型IPMSM复合控制策略。首先,在零低速域选用高频旋转电压注入法实现对电机转速和转子位置的估计;其次,在中高速域,为了削弱传统滑模观测器中开关函数造成的系统抖振问题,构造新型超螺旋滑模观测器,提高系统的观测精度;最后,引入差分进化算法优化过渡速域权重系数,实现不同观测方法间的合理切换,完成全速域下转子位置和转速的高精度辨识。研究结果表明,所提算法能够实现电机全速域运行,且具有良好的动态性能。

基于非线性干扰观测器的IPMSM改进无模型滑模控制

针对内置式永磁同步电机参数摄动导致模型不确定而影响系统控制性能的问题,提出一种基于非线性干扰观测器的内置式永磁同步电机改进无模型滑模控制方法。首先,建立考虑参数摄动的内置式永磁同步电机(Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor,IPMSM)新型超局部模型;其次,利用改进滑模趋近律设计滑模控制器作为无模型控制中的反馈控制器;然后,设计非线性干扰观测器来观测估计无模型控制中的未知复杂项;最后,与传统无模型滑模控制方法进行仿真实验对比。仿真实验结果证明所提方法能有效解决系统参数摄动影响电机控制性能等问题,验证了所提方法的有效性及优越性。

基于参数辨识的IPMSM电流谐波自适应抑制方法研究

为了减小电机参数变化对电流谐波抑制效果的影响,提高谐波补偿电压的精度,提出了一种考虑参数变化的电流谐波抑制方法来抑制内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)控制系统中的电流谐波.在电流谐波抑制方法的基础上,引入遗忘因子递推最小二乘法(FFRLS)构建自适应电流谐波抑制环,通过FFRLS在线辨识IPMSM运行过程中的电机参数,并将参数变化的辨识结果引入到稳态谐波电压方程中,动态更新谐波补偿电压,从而减小了电机参数变化对谐波补偿电压产生的影响,提高了电流谐波抑制的效果.最后,仿真和实验结果验证了提出方法的正确性和有效性.

基于EKF的IPMSM无位置传感器控制估计误差补偿方法

在基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)法的内置式永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制系统中,电机转速和转子位置的准确估计十分重要。针对相电流增益误差导致的转速和转子位置估计精度下降的问题,提出一种位置估计误差补偿方法。首先,理论推导得出,在扩展卡尔曼滤波器估算过程中,相电流增益误差会使估计转速及转子位置以二倍工频的频率振荡。其次,设计了一种新型结构扩展卡尔曼滤波观测器,即在传统扩展卡尔曼滤波观测器的基础上增加增益误差系数求解环节,以此来降低相电流增益误差引起的估计转速及转子位置的脉动,提高了估计精度。最后,仿真和试验验证了所提补偿方法的可行性。

IPMSM倒余弦转子外形叠加正弦函数的降噪效果研究

针对永磁同步电机负载气隙磁场谐波含量丰富而造成振动噪音过大的问题,提出一种新型转子结构,在倒余弦削极的基础上,叠加一个幅值相位可调的正弦函数,通过调节其幅值和相位来削弱负载气隙磁密谐波,从而抑制电机的振动噪声。采用田口法,选取负载气隙磁密THD和电磁转矩Te为优化目标,选取叠加正弦函数的幅值、相位和转子q轴半径为优化参数并进行正交试验,得到了优化参数的最佳组合。进行了样机制作和实验测试,结果表明,新型转子结构比原始结构的A加权声压级最大值降低了5.9 dB(A),验证了该新型不对称转子结构可有效降低电机振动噪声。

双层IPMSM转子结构优化对齿槽转矩的影响

为了降低双层内置式永磁同步电动机(IPMSM)中齿槽转矩对电动机稳定运行的不利影响,提出了将分段磁极和转子开对称辅助槽相结合的方法。首先,基于齿槽转矩的原理,利用有限元软件Maxwell建立8极12槽车用内置式永磁同步电动机(IPMSM)模型;其次,比较电动机在分段磁极前后的齿槽转矩,并对转子表面开辅助槽的各参数逐一进行仿真,通过双变量同时参数化的方法验证辅助槽参数的选择;最后,对比优化前后电动机各性能参数。结果表明:均匀分段磁极和开对称辅助槽2种方案叠加是可行的,在确保电动机性能良好的同时使齿槽转矩削弱了77.72%。

改进高频脉振电压注入的IPMSM无传感器控制

为解决传统静止坐标系高频脉振电压注入法由直流偏置导致的估计转子位置不准确的问题,在此提出了一种基于改进静止坐标系高频脉振电压注入的内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)无传感器控制方法。该方法仅使用β轴定子电流估计转子位置和转速,因此解决了直流偏置问题。首先,采用四阶广义积分提取高频电流,四阶广义积分在谐振频率处具有单位增益和零相移,保证了提取高频电流的准确性。然后,利用改进的二阶广义积分获得包含转子位置信息的正交信号,并且可以精确补偿信号处理过程中低通滤波器产生的相移和幅值衰减。最后,在2 kW IPMSM驱动平台上验证了算法的有效性。

基于直接判据提取方式的直轴电流补偿型IPMSM最大转矩电流比控制算法

为实现内嵌式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)高性能运行,该文提出一种最大转矩电流比(MTPA)决策与控制算法,旨在简化控制结构、加快系统动态响应、增强系统鲁棒性。该算法根据dq轴电流直接计算电磁转矩的微分项,并以此作为MTPA状态的决策判据。根据判据值对d轴电流参考值进行补偿,实现对MTPA状态的在线追踪。所提算法无需实际或虚拟信号注入和解算环节,系统动态性能得以提高。d轴电流补偿控制解决了算法收敛速度对负载条件较敏感的问题,提升了控制系统的鲁棒性。理论分析、仿真计算和实验结果验证了该方法的有效性和优越性,与虚拟信号注入法相比,所提出的算法在不同负载下对MTPA状态的收敛时间降低为原来的1/5~1/2。

基于改进型双幂次趋近律与全局快速终端滑模观测器的IPMSM调速系统滑模控制

针对内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)速度环中存在的内部参数摄动与外部负载扰动等问题,为了提高速度控制系统的动态性和鲁棒性,该文提出一种基于改进型双幂次趋近律(IDPRL)与全局快速终端滑模观测器(GFTSMO)的滑模控制方法。所提趋近律在幂次项中引入系统状态变量,减少了稳态误差,解决了快速趋近滑模面和抖振抑制之间的矛盾。设计一种基于IDPRL的IPMSM滑模速度控制器。为了进一步减少系统状态的稳态误差,设计了一种GFTSMO,该观测器不仅能够减少趋近律的开关增益,还能实现系统扰动的准确补偿。仿真和实验结果验证了所提的滑模控制方法的可行性和有效性。

车用IPMSM二自由度MTPA控制研究

为提高车用内置式永磁同步电机驱动系统的速度响应能力和抗干扰性,提出在最大转矩比电流控制下,采用基于误差判断的反馈补偿型二自由度最大转矩比电流控制策略。通过对电机的数学模型进行分析,结合空间矢量脉宽调制技术,实现最大转矩比电流控制;构建传统PI控制系统和二自由度(two degree of freedom,2DOF)最大转矩比电流(maximum torque per ampere,MTPA)控制系统进行对比仿真分析。通过MATLAB/Simulink平台系统仿真分析,使用基于误差判断的反馈补偿型2DOF调节可使转速响应超调量控制在0.5%以内,响应时间缩短70%~80%。验证了所提控制策略的可行性和有效性。

Improved Sensorless Operation of Interior PM BLAC Motor Drives with Reduced-Order EKF

It is a challenge to realise an EKF-based sensorless controller for an Interior Permanent Magnet （IPM） brushless ac motor drive due to the influence of nomlinearities and rotor saliency. An improved reduced-order EKF method is presented, reducing the rotor position estimation error of an IPM motor, as evident in [1] due to the neglect of saliency. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified experimentally.

Fast Calculation of Electromagnetic Forces in IPMSMs Under PWM VSI Supply Based on Small-Signal Time-Harmonic Finite Element Method

This paper introduces a novel method for fast calculating the electromagnetic forces in interior permanent magnet synchronous machines(IPMSMs)under pulse width modulation(PWM)voltage source inverter(VSI)supply based on the small-signal time-harmonic finite element analysis(THFEA),which has been successfully utilized for fast calculating the PWMinduced losses in silicon steel sheets and permanent magnets.Based on the small-signal THFEA,the functional relationships between high-frequency harmonic voltages(HFHVs)and corresponding airgap flux densities are established,which are used for calculating the flux density spectra caused by each HFHV in the PWM voltage spectra.Then,the superposition principle is applied for calculating the flux density spectra caused by fundamental currents and all HFHVs,which are converted to the electromagnetic force spectra at last.The relative errors between the force density spectra calculated with the proposed method and those obtained from traditional time-stepping finite element analysis(TSFEA)using PWM voltages as input are within 3.1%,while the proposed method is 24 times faster than the traditional TSFEA.

基于自适应观测器的IPMSM无位置传感器控制

在内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)的无位置传感器控制系统中,状态观测器的收敛性能与转子位置信息提取环节对驱动系统性能起了决定性的作用。为了提升电机在不同转速运行时估算转子位置信息的精度,提出了一种静止坐标系下的自适应全阶Luenberger观测器用于电机扩展反电动势估算与转速信息提取。通过对全阶Luenberger观测器与自适应转速估算环节的控制参数分级式设计,确保了电机运行于不同转速时估算转子速度的准确性并且抑制了噪声信号对估算转子转速信息的干扰。实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性。

IPMSM有效磁链二阶滑模自适应估计控制

针对传统滑模观测器的动态品质差、抖动大的问题,提出一种基于无位置传感器内置式永磁同步电机控制系统的定子有效磁链二阶滑模自适应磁链观测器。该观测器利用超螺旋算法理论,以静止坐标系下电流误差及电流误差的估计值为状态变量,构造出定子电流误差估计值的二阶滑模自适应观测器,得到准确的有效磁链估计,使得该估计值可在有限时间内快速收敛且具有强鲁棒性;同时利用定子磁链估计值获取电机转子位置信息,实现电机稳态运行。仿真和实验结果表明,在不同负载条件下该观测器具有很强的适应性,且磁链估计值抖动小、精度高,因此所提控制方案可行有效。