Neuro-Fuzzy Based Interline Power Flow Controller for Real Time Power Flow Control in Multiline Power System

This article investigates the power quality enhancement in power system using one of the most famous series converter based FACTS controller like IPFC (Interline Power Flow Controller) in Power Injection Model (PIM). The parameters of PIM are derived with help of the Newton-Raphson power flow algorithm. In general, a sample test power system without FACTs devices has generated more reactive power, decreased real power, more harmonics, small power factor and poor dynamic performance under line and load variations. In order to improve the real power, compensating the reactive power, proficient power factor and excellent load voltage regulation in the sample test power system, an IPFC is designed. The D-Q technique is utilized here to derive the reference current of the converter and its D.C link capacitor voltage is regulated. Also, the reference voltage of the inverter is arrived by park transformation technique and its load voltage is controlled. Here, a sample 230 KV test power system is taken for study. Further as the conventional PI controllers are designed at one nominal operating point they are not competent to respond satisfactorily in dynamic operating conditions. This can be circumvented by a Fuzzy and Neural network based IPFC and its detailed Simulink model is developed using MATLAB and the overall performance analysis is carried out under different operating state of affairs.

A Novel Location Method for Interline Power Flow Controllers Based on Entropy Theory

As one of the new generation flexible AC transmission systems(FACTS)devices,the interline power flow controller(IPFC)has the significant advantage of simultaneously regulating the power flow of multiple lines.Nevertheless,how to choose the appropriate location for the IPFC converters has not been discussed thoroughly.To solve this problem,this paper proposes a novel location method for IPFC using entropy theory.To clarify IPFC’s impact on system power flow,its operation mechanism and control strategies of different types of serial converters are discussed.Subsequently,to clarify the system power flow characteristic suitable for device location analysis,the entropy concept is introduced.In this process,the power flow distribution entropy index is used as an optimization index.Using this index as a foundation,the power flow transfer entropy index is also generated and proposed for the IPFC location determination study.Finally,electromechanical electromagnetic hybrid simulations based on ADPSS are implemented for validation.These are tested in a practical power grid with over 800 nodes.A modular multilevel converter(MMC)-based IPFC electromagnetic model is also established for precise verification.The results show that the proposed method can quickly and efficiently complete optimized IPFC location and support IPFC to determine an optimal adjustment in the N-1 fault cases.

Coordinated and uncoordinated design of LFO damping controllers with IPFC and PSS using ICA and SFLA

A single machine-infinite-bus(SMIB) system including the interline power flow controllers(IPFCs) and the power system stabilizer(PSS) controller is addressed. The linearized system model is considered for investigating the interactions among IPFC and PSS controllers. To improve the stability of whole system again different disturbances, a lead-lag controller is considered to produce supplementary signal. The proposed supplementary controller is implemented to improve the damping of the power system low frequency oscillations(LFOs). Imperialist optimization algorithm(ICA) and shuffled frog leaping algorithm(SFLA) are implemented to search for optimal supplementary controllers and PSS parameters. Moreover, singular value decomposition(SVD) method is utilized to select the most effective damping control signal of IPFC lead-lag controllers. To evaluate the system performance, different operating conditions are considered. Reponses of system in five modes including uncoordinated and coordinated modes of IPFC and PSS using ICA and SFLA are studied and compared. Considering the results, response of system without controller shows the highest overshoot and the longest settling time for rotor angel at the different operating conditions. In this mode of system, rotor speed has the highest overshoot. Rotor angel in the system with only PSS includes lower overshoot and oscillation than system without controller. When PSS is only implemented, rotor speed deviation has the longest settling time. Rotor speed deviation in the uncoordinated mode of IPFC and PSS shows lower overshoot than system with only PSS and without controller. It is noticeable that in this mode, rotor angel has higher overshoot than system with only PSS. The superiority of the suggested ICA-based coordinated controllers is obvious compared with SFLA-based coordinated controllers and other system modes. Responses of coordinated PSS and IPFC SFLA-based supplementary controllers include higher peak amplitude and longer settling time compared with coordinated IPFC and PSS ICA-based controllers. This comparison shows that overshoots, undershoots and the settling times are reduced considerably in coordinated mode of IPFC based controller and PSS using ICA. Analysis of the system performance shows that the proposed method has excellent response to different faults in power system.

UPFC与IPFC提升系统输电能力比较研究

随着电力系统负荷及网架的日益发展,由系统潮流分布不均而引起的输电阻塞问题越来越严重,极大地制约了电力系统的输电能力与效率。利用FACTS设备提升电力系统输电能力相较于传统方案具有占地面积小、可控性高等多方面的优势。UPFC与IPFC作为先进的第三代FACTS装置,在潮流调控方面均有着突出的应用优势。因此有必要对两者在提升系统输电能力方面进行技术经济比较研究,用以指导实际工程的解决方案选择。首先基于附加功率注入法分别对UPFC及IPFC进行稳态建模,推导了其数学表达式。之后以江苏南通西北片电网为例,将所建模型应用于实际电力系统,计算结果显示两者均能大幅提升系统输电能力以及安全可靠性。最后在多种工况下对这两种解决方案进行了技术经济比较分析,结果表明IPFC相较于UPFC而言在潮流调控方面的作用更为全面与突出。

基于PSASP的IPFC功率注入模型研究

线间潮流控制器(IPFC)能实现不同线路间功率的定向、定量交互,解决电网潮流分布不均的问题,具有较好的应用前景。然而,目前用于大电网分析计算的主流软件中均未开发IPFC模型,导致难以对其控制潜力及应用前景进行评估。文中研究了电力系统综合程序(PSASP)下的IPFC建模方法。首先,采用功率注入法推导了IPFC装置的数学表达式。在此基础上,基于PSASP软件的用户自定义(UD)功能,搭建了IPFC的稳态控制模型,并给出了IPFC的潮流计算原理和实现方法,完成了PSASP潮流程序和用户自定义模型之间的交互迭代。仿真算例验证了文中所建模型的有效性和准确性。

Congestion Management of Power System with Interline Power Flow Controller Using Disparity Line Utilization Factor and Multi-objective Differential Evolution

The restructuring of the electric power market has led to complex power transmission congestion problems.Additionally,scheduled power flows in the transmission line,as well as spontaneous power exchanges have also risen sharply in recent years.The proper placement of IPFC can improve the transmission line congestion problem to a great extent.This paper proposes a disparity line utilization factor(DLUF)for the optimal placement of IPFC to control the congestion in transmission lines.DLUF determines the difference between the percentages of Mega Volt Ampere utilization of each line connected to the same bus.The IPFC is placed in the lines with maximum DLUF.A multiobjective function consisting of reduction of active power loss,minimization of total voltage deviations,minimization of security margin and minimization of installed IPFC capacity is considered for the optimal tuning of IPFC using differential evolution algorithm.The proposed method is implemented for IEEE-30 bus test system under different loading conditions and the results are presented and analyzed to establish the effectiveness on the reduction of congestion.

Damping forced oscillations in power system via interline power flow controller with additional repetitive control

With the continuous expansion of power systems and the application of power electronic equipment, forced oscillation has become one of the key problems in terms of system safety and stability. In this paper, an interline power flow controller (IPFC) is used as a power suppression carrier and its mechanism is analyzed using the linearized state-space method to improve the system damping ratio. It is shown that although the IPFC can suppress forced oscillation with well-designed parameters, its capability of improving the system damping ratio is limited. Thus, combined with the repetitive control method, an additional repetitive controller (ARC) is proposed to further dampen the forced power oscillation. The ARC control scheme is characterized by outstanding tracking performance to a system steady reference value, and the main IPFC controller with the ARC can provide higher damping, and further reduce the amplitude of oscillations to zero compared with a supplementary damping controller (SDC). Simulation results show that the IPFC with an ARC can not only greatly reduce the oscillation amplitude, but also actively output the compensation power according to the reference value of the ARC tracking system.

Optimal location of interline power flow controller for controlling multi transmission line： A new integrated technique

In this paper, an interline power flow controller （IPFC） is used for controlling multi transmission lines. However, the optimal placement of IPFC in the transmis-sion line is a major problem. Thus, we use a combination of tabu search （TS） algorithm and artificial neural network （ANN） in the proposed method to find out the best placement locations for IPFC in a given multi transmission line system. TS algorithm is an optimization algorithm and we use it in the proposed method to determine the optimum bus combination using line data. Then, using the optimum bus combination, the neural network is trained to find out the best placement locations for IPFC. Finally, IPFC is connected at the best locations indicated by the neural network. Furthermore, using Newton-Raphson load flow algorithm, the transmission line loss of the IPFC connected bus is analyzed. The proposed methodology is implemen- ted in MATLAB working platform and tested on the IEEE-14 bus system. The output is compared with the genetic algorithm （GA） and general load flow analysis. The results are validated with Levenberg-Marquardt back propagation and gradient descent with momentum network training algorithm.

计及风电不确定性的含线间潮流控制器的电力系统经济调度

线间潮流控制器(IPFC)拥有强大的潮流调控能力,可为解决大规模新能源接入背景下的潮流调控问题提供全新的解决方案。该文提出一种计及风电出力不确定性的含IPFC电力系统安全约束经济调度方法,首先基于MARKOV链生成风电出力场景,构建相应概率风险指标以描述系统安全性,并给出了兼顾经济性与安全性的优化目标函数;然后,在充分考虑双回线结构IPFC控制特性的情况下建立了故障前后电力系统的等式/不等式约束;最后,针对所建立的强非线性安全约束经济调度优化模型,设计了基于粒子群算法的计算构架并实现了模型的求解。基于江苏电网的算例分析表明,利用该文方法获得的策略比基于传统方法获得的策略能更好地满足潮流安全约束,且准确地计及了IPFC的控制特性,具有较高的应用价值。

IPFC有源阻尼模型预测电流控制优化算法研究

为解决线间潮流控制器(IPFC)LCL滤波器固有的谐振问题,传统有源阻尼模型预测电流控制策略将变换器和变换器侧电感等效为理想受控电流源,忽略了网侧电感变化和电流控制延时对阻尼系数选取造成的影响,因此通过构建包含网侧电感、延时环节和阻尼系数的优化函数,提出一种综合考虑电流控制延时和网侧电感变化的二阶系统优化阻尼系数控制策略,在网侧电感发生变化时系统具有更好的动态响应能力和阻尼效果。

基于子模块桥臂能量平衡的线间直流潮流控制器

随着直流电网技术发展,直流电网的潮流控制需求逐渐突出。在总结线间直流潮流调控原理的基础上,文中提出一种基于子模块桥臂能量平衡原理的线间直流潮流控制器,所提拓扑无须引入环流通路和交流滤波电路,可减少投资成本,避免交流环流的效率问题。首先,讨论并分析了线间直流潮流控制器的拓扑原理。然后,介绍了基于子模块桥臂能量平衡的拓扑结构和工作原理,并研究了参数设计方法;设计了电流、电压运行波形,并给出了所提拓扑的控制方法;同时,将所提拓扑与环流能量平衡型及电容耦合型拓扑进行了器件电流应力、数量和导通损耗的对比。最后,通过四端环形直流电网仿真验证了所提线间直流潮流控制器的功能。

同相牵引供电系统的补偿原理及再生制动特性

由平衡变压器和综合潮流控制器(integrated power flow controller,IPFC)组合构成的同相牵引供电系统可解决负序电流、谐波电流、无功电流的补偿及电分相方面存在的问题,分析了该供电系统的补偿原理,比较了牵引和再生制动状态同相牵引供电系统对电力系统供电质量的影响,指出制动状态下IPFC可在不改变控制策略的情况下将能量平衡地回馈到三相电网,节约电能。仿真结果验证了同相牵引供电方案的正确性。

适用于直流电网的新型直流潮流控制器

直流潮流控制技术是直流电网中的关键技术之一,对于直流电网的发展具有重要意义。提出了一种新型线间直流潮流控制器拓扑,该电路拓扑结构和控制较简单,可实现线路潮流反转。分析了该潮流控制器的工作原理和运行特性,并搭建了潮流控制器和五端直流输电系统仿真模型,对该潮流控制器进行了稳态、动态以及故障情况下的仿真验证。仿真结果表明,该潮流控制器可实现潮流的有效控制和调节,具有良好的稳定性。

计及线间潮流控制器的电力系统潮流优化

随着电力电子技术的发展,FACTS设备得到了广泛应用。近年来,UPFC在我国得以应用,为电网潮流分布不均的输电瓶颈问题提供了新的解决思路。IPFC是一种较UPFC更为强大的FACTS装置,其不仅能像UPFC一样控制目标线路潮流,还能实现不同线路间功率的定向、定量交互,均衡输电通道潮流。然而,已有文献在对含IPFC电力系统的潮流优化研究中,并未充分计及实际电力系统及IPFC潮流调控域的各方面约束。该文首先基于附加虚拟节点法建立了IPFC的稳态模型,然后在考虑IPFC实际控制能力的情况下,获取实际系统中的IPFC潮流调控域,最终,提出一种计及IPFC潮流调控域的兼顾电力系统经济性与安全性的含IPFC电力系统多目标潮流优化方法。仿真算例验证了所述模型的有效性与准确性。

含线间潮流控制器的电力系统联合潮流计算

线间潮流控制器(IPFC)能实现线路间的潮流转移和分配,可用于解决电力系统中潮流不均引起的一系列问题,具有较大的应用潜力和价值。为评估IPFC工程应用价值,需实现含IPFC的大系统潮流计算,但目前我国多用于电网规划设计的大型电力系统分析软件中没有开发IPFC模型。为解决上述问题,提出了一种基于Matlab与PSD-BPA的含IPFC电力系统的联合潮流计算方法。首先推导了IPFC功率注入模型的数学表达式,并设计了Matlab与BPA联合潮流计算的计算框架,由Matlab进行IPFC求解计算,BPA进行大电网潮流计算,通过数据交换接口完成两种仿真软件的交互与交替求解。进一步对IPFC功率注入模型进行改进,提出了一种基于PI控制器的变步长潮流迭代策略提高了计算方法的收敛性。以南通西北片电网为例,对提出方法进行了仿真验证,计算结果表明了提出方法的正确性和有效性。

同相供电系统的改进型电流检测方法

基于YNvd平衡变压器和综合潮流控制器(integrated power flow controller,IPFC)相结合构成的同相供电系统,在机车运行状态改变时进行了仿真分析。当同相供电系统采用传统型电流检测方法,在机车由牵引状态转变为电气制动状态时,由于传统型电流检测方法的缺陷性,IPFC直流侧电容电压会急剧上升。而基于Fryze功率定义的改进型电流检测方法则可以避免该问题,另外改进型电流检测方法可应用于部分补偿模式。仿真结果证明了改进型电流检测方法的可行性。

基于双级矩阵变换器的线间潮流控制器

线间潮流控制器是柔性交流输电系统中的新装置,通过控制有功和无功功率来增强电网传输能力。双级矩阵变换器是性能优良的交-交变频器。针对二者结构上的相似性,提出将双级矩阵变换器作为线间潮流控制器,以减小设备体积。首先对线间潮流控制器建模,在park变换基础上,使用比例积分控制设计d-q轴控制方案,采用交叉解耦消除电网间的耦合,利用载波调制的空间矢量控制变换器开关动作,取得了较好的控制效果。仿真验证了方案的可行性和正确性。

适用于直流电网的环流式线间直流潮流控制器

针对直流电网潮流控制自由度不足的问题,提出一种线间直流潮流控制器(I-PFC)。I-PFC能够通过交流环流实现自身功率平衡,无需交流变压器作为内部的交流通路,且与现有线间直流潮流控制器相比,进一步降低了因单个电容充放电造成的电流波动,具有避免额外谐振、减小谐波、易拓展等优点。首先,提出I-PFC的拓扑结构,分析实现潮流控制的方法进而得到线路电流与串入电压的关系,并重点介绍了利用内部交流环流实现自身功率平衡的原理;其次,根据I-PFC的功率与能量,详细分析子模块电容电压的组成,其中主要包含直流、基频和二倍频分量,并设计包括直流潮流控制和功率平衡控制的I-PFC控制方法;最后在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真环境中搭建含有I-PFC的三端柔性直流环网,利用投入运行、反向调节和动态响应三个工况验证了该文所提出的I-PFC的可行性和有效性。

线间潮流控制器建模及潮流优化方法

线间潮流控制器(interline power flow controller,IPFC)作为第3代柔性交流输电系统(flexible AC transmission system,FACTS)的代表性设备,具有强大的潮流调控能力。而IPFC的引入,会增加潮流优化(optimal power flow,OPF)问题的非凸性,导致其难以被准确、快速求解。为解决传统IPFC模型中等效电压源相角对应约束难以被凸化的问题,该文基于注入功率变量重新构造了IPFC的等效约束,并进一步利用数学变形、近似处理、二进制展开技术,对该模型进行凸化处理,将含IPFC的OPF问题从高度非凸的优化问题转化为混合整数二阶锥规划(mixed integer second-order cone programming,MISOCP)问题。最终,在仿真算例中完成近似误差分析,并利用Matlab/Gurobi求解MISOCP模型。结果表明,所提优化方法计算精度高,求解速度快,显著降低了系统发电成本,可为综合型FACTS的在线优化调控提供理论和技术支撑。

线间潮流控制器在改善电能质量中的应用

介绍了线间潮流控制器(IPFC)的基本工作原理,建立了数学模型.提出了应用IPFC装置的有功无功线间综合控制提高电力系统暂态稳定性的两层控制模型并进行了试验仿真.仿真结果表明:IPFC装置比传统的FACTS装置更能有效地提高系统的暂态稳定性和电能质量.