Design performance evaluation and vortex structure investigation of different S-shaped intermediate turbine ducts

The demand of further increasing bypass ratio of aeroengine will lead to low pressure turbines with higher diameter. Therefore, it is necessary to design a duct to guide the hot gas flow which is expelled from the upstream high pressure (HP) turbine stage to the downstream low pressure (LP) turbine stage. Named by its position, this kind of duct is always called intermediate turbine ducts (ITDs). Due to the pursuit of higher thrust ratio of the aeroengine, this kind of ITDs has to beas short as possible which leads to aggressive (high diffusion) S-shaped ITDs' geometry. In this paper, two different schemes of high diffusion separation-free S-shaped ITDs were studied with the aid of three-dimensional CFD programs. Although these two ITDs have the same area ratios (AR), because of the different duct length, they have totally different area as well as area change rates. With the detailed calculation results, comparisons were made to investigate the underneath physical mechanisms. Additionally, a direct estimation of the ITDs' loss is given at the end of this paper and some ITDs' novel design idea is proposed to initiate some further discussions.

Influence of Reynolds Number on the Unsteady Aerodynamics of Integrated Aggressive Intermediate Turbine Duct

The ultra-high bypass ratio turbofan engine attracts more and more attention in modern commercial engine due to advantages of high efficiency and low Specific Fuel Consumption(SFC). One of the characteristics of ultra-high bypass ratio turbofan is the intermediate turbine duct which guides the flow leaving high pressure turbine(HPT) to low pressure turbine(LPT) at a larger diameter, and this kind of design will lead to aggressive intermediate turbine duct(AITD) design concept. Thus, it is important to design the AITD without any severe loss. From the unsteady flow's point of view, in actual operating conditions, the incoming wake generated by HPT is unsteady which will take influence on boundary layer's transition within the ITD and LPT. In this paper, the three-dimensional unsteady aerodynamics of an AITD taken from a real engine is studied. The results of fully unsteady three-dimensional numerical simulations, performed with ANSYS-CFX(RANS simulation with transitional model), are critically evaluated against experimental data. After validation of the numerical model, the physical mechanisms inside the flow channel are analyzed, with an aim to quantify the sensitivities of different Reynolds number effect on both the ITD and LPT nozzle. Some general physical mechanisms can be recognized in the unsteady environment. It is recognized that wake characteristics plays a crucial role on the loss within both the ITD and LPT nozzle section, determining both time-averaged and time-resolved characteristics of the flow field. Meanwhile, particular attention needs to be paid to the unsteady effect on the boundary layer of LPT nozzle's suction side surface.

Effects of Rising Angle on Upstream Blades and Intermediate Turbine Duct

With the improvement of requirement,design and manufacture technology,aero-engines for the future are characterized by further reduction in fuel consumption,cost,but increment in propulsion efficiency,which leads to ultra-high bypass ratio.The intermediate turbine duct(ITD),which connects the high pressure turbine(HPT) with the low pressure turbine(LPT),has a critical impact on the overall performances of such future engines.Therefore,it becomes more and more urgent to master the design technique of aggressive,even super-aggressive ITDs.Over the last years,a lot of research works about the flow mechanism in the diffuser ducts were carried out.Many achievements were reported,but further investigation should be performed.With the aid of numerical method,this paper focuses on the change of performance and flow field of ITD,as well as nearby turbines,brought by rising angle(RA).Eight ITDs with the same area ratio and length,but different RAs ranges from 8 degrees to 45 degrees,are compared.According to the investigation,flow field,especially outlet Ma of swirl blade is influenced by RA under potential effect,which is advisable for designers to modify HPT rotor blades after changing ITD.In addition to that,low velocity area moves towards upstream until the first bend as RA increases,while pressure loss distribution at S2 stream surface shows that hub boundary layer is more sensitive to RA,and casing layer keeps almost constant.On the other hand,the overall total pressure loss could keep nearly equivalent among different RA cases,which implies the importance of optimization.

支板型线对压气机中介机匣性能影响的试验研究

为了明确支板对中介机匣气动性能的影响,本文针对某一舰船燃气轮机压气机中介机匣的2种不同支板开展了对比试验研究。试验结果显示:在0.2、0.3和0.4Ma工况下,改型支板较原型支板中介机匣的出口总压损失系数分别降低37%、79%和77%,原型支板尾迹损失远大于改型支板,但主流区域油流和气动测量结果相似。这说明主流区域轴向压力变化不受支板型线影响,但相较于原型支板,改型支板能够有效降低中介机匣的气动损失。

基于二维优化方法的涡轮过渡流道设计

为优化涡轮过渡流道的气动性能,以期提高发动机的整体经济性能,采用二维通流法与单纯性优化算法相结合的方法,对某型发动机涡轮过渡流道进行了二维优化。优化后过渡流道出口的总压损失系数降低了8.4%,流道扩压能力增加了40.4%,同时过渡流道出口气流均匀性也得到很大幅度的改善。使用CFD技术对初始流道和优化后流道性能进行了三维数值模拟,并分析比较了过渡流道与整流支板的三维流场分布,从而验证了二维计算与优化算法的可行性。

某型涡轮过渡流道稳定工作范围优化设计

为保证高、低压涡轮间流场参数匹配,要求在高压涡轮出口旋流角增大时,涡轮过渡流道仍处于近最佳工作状态。利用全三维数值模拟方法对涡扇发动机涡轮过渡流道进行了初次优化设计。优化后的过渡流道压力系数提高了20.6%,总压损失系数降低了5.0%,并且其无流动分离工作范围得到扩大。为进一步扩大非设计稳定工作范围,对初次优化设计结果进行了二次优化。虽然二次优化后涡轮过渡流道设计点性能略有下降,但其无流动分离工作范围进一步扩大,且非设计工况点流道出口流场分布更加均匀,改善了下游低压涡轮的进气条件。

基于一维模型的涡轮过渡流道优化设计

降低涡轮过渡流道的损失,缩短其长度,增大其径向偏移,是提高高涵道比涡扇发动机经济性和环境友好性的重要手段之一。目前研究基于所发展的一维涡轮过渡流道性能预测方法,提出了涡轮过渡流道设计的优化问题,融合单纯性优化方法,建立了一套有自主知识产权的涡轮过渡流道初步优化设计体系,用于涡轮过渡流道的快速设计。文中简要讨论了涡轮过渡流道的一维性能预测方法,给出了一维优化过程中所涉及诸多因素的确定,如几何的参数化、目标函数的确定,优化方法的选取、初步设计的建立以及优化的流程等。最后,以某实际涡轮过渡流道的优化设计为研究对象,对所发展的方法进行了验证,结果表明优化后的流道在总压损失和压升方面都较原型有了提高。通过目前的设计算例,充分确认了方法的鲁棒性和有效性。

大涵道比涡扇发动机涡轮过渡段的数值研究

采用CFD数值模拟方法对大涵道比涡扇发动机高压涡轮与低压涡轮之间的过渡流道进行了气动性能计算。通过与实验数据的对比,验证了CFD计算模型预测涡轮过渡段气动性能的可靠性以及计算精度。分析了径向偏移较大的涡轮过渡段流动特点和损失机理,为进一步提高过渡段气动性能提供研究方向。高性能大涵道比发动机中,涡轮过渡流道流动机理复杂,设计难度大,其可供挖掘潜力较大。

大涵道比涡扇发动机涡轮过渡流道一体化设计研究

为了提高大涵道比涡扇发动机气动性能,降低其燃油消耗与污染物排放,同时考虑成本与重量因素,针对其高、低压涡轮之间的过渡流道,提出了一体化概念,即新设计的支板代替原型整流支板与低压涡轮第一级导叶,使其也能够为下游转子提供合适的进气条件。对一算例开展了设计工作,并通过数值模拟进行了流场分析,结果表明带一体化支板涡轮过渡流道与原型涡轮过渡流道出口马赫数与切向速度吻合很好,验证了一体化设计的有效性。带一体化支板的过渡流道设计点工况总压损失为4.3%,较原型流道总压损失略有增大(原型流道总压损失4.1%),但带一体化支板的过渡流道更能适应非设计点工况,具有一定的优越性。

某涡轮过渡流道弯掠支板反设计及性能分析

某型涡扇发动机涡轮过渡流道与整流支板一体化设计方案中,支板采用了弯掠组合构型方案。为深入理解支板设计机理及其对流道总体性能影响规律,开展了对该型支板反设计研究。以涡轮过渡流道支板的进、出口气动参数和相应的几何参数为输入条件,结合标准支板叶型,应用所开发的叶型造型软件对弯掠支板作了详细反设计及相应的造型计算,获得的支板造型结果与原始结果十分吻合;随后对带支板和下游低压涡轮导向器叶排的整个过渡流道性能进行全三维CFD数值分析。数值计算与对应实验结果一致性较好,一方面表明反设计方法是可行和可靠的;同时表明合理的支板弯掠构型与恰当的流道型面有机组合能明显提高涡轮过渡流道的性能。

基于反问题的涡轮过渡流道支板设计方法

涡轮过渡流道支板通常采用直叶型设计以保证其足够的强度,当流道进口旋流角度沿径向分布变化较大时,过渡流道内部容易发生气流分离,为此提出了基于三维黏性反问题设计方法的涡轮过渡流道低负荷整流支板设计。对某型涡扇发动机涡轮过渡流道整流支板进行了反问题设计,数值模拟结果表明,基于反问题设计的整流支板有利于抑制支板表面附面层增厚,降低过渡流道内部发生气流分离的风险,且新设计的过渡流道静压恢复系数系数增大了18.8%,总压损失系数降低了25.8%。

某型涡扇发动机涡轮过渡流道一体化优化设计

研究大涵道比涡扇发动机涡轮过渡流道优化问题,针对扩张通道轴向长度较短,内部流动十分复杂,边界层气流容易分离等难点,为提高过渡流道气动性能,利用全三维数值仿真的方法对某型大涵道比涡扇发动机涡轮过渡流道进行了数值仿真,并采用遗传算法对初始流道进行了气动性能优化设计。仿真结果表明,过渡流道气动性能对其几何形状变化十分敏感,流量相同条件下,采用优化设计后,涡轮过渡流道压力系数提高,总压损失系数降低,并且流道稳定工作范围也得到改善,结果证明了优化方法的有效性和可行性。

涡轮过渡流道性能分析的一维模型及其参数化研究

基于Aungier的环形扩压器性能分析模型,发展了大涵道比高低压涡轮间过渡流道的一维性能分析方法,并与等角直壁环形扩压器的试验数据进行了比较和验证。在此基础上,应用所发展方法以某涡轮过渡流道为算例,对模型进行了参数化研究,分别分析了涡轮过渡流道中线形式、进口Ma、进口堵塞和进口预旋等因素对涡轮过渡流道压力恢复、损失以及堵塞发展等的影响规律,得出了具有实际指导意义的结论。

涡轮机中环形扩压器流动性能分析工程方法

归纳和整理了现有环形扩压器性能分析模型,并将模型预测结果与若干种环形扩压器性能实验数据进行了比较,结果表明模型预测结果与对应实验数据一致性还是比较好的。在此基础上,应用所发展模型对某大涵道比涡扇发动机高/低压涡轮过渡流道环形扩压器进行了优化设计,最终获得的过渡流道环形扩压器性能指标与拟达到的性能指标比较符合,进一步表明了所给模型作为初步的涡轮机中环形扩压器设计设计与性能分析模型是可行的。

大涵道比发动机涡轮过渡段气动改型设计

大涵道比发动机的发展对涡轮过渡段设计提出了更高的要求。依据涡轮过渡段设计流程的5个步骤对某大涵道比发动机过渡段进行气动设计,并且对原型进行3维校核分析。总结过渡段内流动的特点,在原型的基础上进行改型设计。结果表明:通过控制流向面积分布规律能够确定过渡段沿流向的压力分布,选择合理的流向面积分布规律形式、改变过渡段流道型线的曲率能够改善当地的局部流动,获得更好的设计。改型设计消除了原型设计中存在的流动分离,并且减小了二次流损失,增大了过渡段的总压恢复系数。

大扩张角涡轮过渡段性能试验和数值研究

为研究某型大扩张角涡轮过渡段气动性能,对过渡段内部流场进行了详细的试验测量,同时采用CFD数值模拟对过渡段内部流场进行仿真,并与试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明:过渡段机匣表面流动受强逆压梯度影响,容易发生流动分离;轮毂表面流场受支板前缘冲击绕流的影响,呈现周向不均匀性。来流气流角使得过渡段内部流场向支板一侧偏斜,随着气流角的增大,过渡段总压损失增大。CFD模拟结果与试验测量结果吻合较好,均能很好地捕捉流场的细节特征;过渡段进、出口总压恢复系数随着来流气流角的增大而减小,CFD模拟和试验测量值的偏差约为0.2%。

超紧凑涡轮过渡段数值模拟研究

采用数值模拟方法对超紧凑涡轮过渡段进行了研究。通过对比6个不同超紧凑过渡段模型模拟结果,分析了过渡段内部流动基本特征,探讨了长度和支板对超紧凑过渡段内部流动损失的影响规律。结果表明,对于超紧凑过渡段而言,长度越短,其流动损失越大;而且进一步缩短长度的流动损失"成本"越大。支板的引入改变了流通面积,进而影响过渡段内部压力分布;并与上下游叶片相互作用,改变过渡段内部流动分离及损失状况。整体而言,支板使得过渡段流动损失明显增大且过渡段长度越短,支板带来的额外流动损失越大。

带整流支板的涡轮过渡流道优化分析

在航空大涵道比涡扇发动机涡轮过渡流道优化问题的研究中,亚音速气流在其内部流动会因为扩压作用产生较强的逆压梯度,导致气流分离、边界层分离,这是过渡流道设计中的难点。为了降低过渡流道的流动损失、增大径向偏移、并改善气动性能,根据通流模型并结合一种新的优化变量参数化模型,发展出一种带整流支板的涡轮过渡流道优化方法,并应用提出的发展方法对某大涵道比涡扇发动机带整流支板涡轮过渡流道进行优化,优化后流道静压恢复系数提高,总压损失系数降低,并且流道沿程面积在出口处减小从而有效抑制了气流分离,仿真结果证明,改进的发展方法的可行性和有效性。

基于反问题的涡轮过渡流道一体化支板设计方法

为进一步改善大涵道比涡扇发动机气动性能及燃油经济性,降低其污染物排放,控制其重量与成本,提出了一种高效的高、低压涡轮过渡流道整流支板一体化设计理念,即对原型支板与第一级低压涡轮导叶进行初步正问题一体化设计,并基于气流角全三维粘性反问题进行进一步改型设计,使得在保证自身气动性能不降低的基础上,带一体化支板涡轮过渡流道能够与高、低压涡轮实现良好匹配。以某型发动机过渡流道为算例开展了一体化设计工作,并采用三维数值模拟方法进行了设计点、非设计点流场分析评估。结果表明,设计点工况下一体化支板出口气流角以及马赫数分布均与原型导叶出口一致,验证了一体化设计的有效性。同时,带一体化支板的过渡流道总压损失从原型流道的2.49%降低到了1.02%。而在非设计工况,带一体化支板的过渡流道气流分离明显减小,具有更宽的最佳工况范围。

Effects of Nozzle-Strut Integrated Design Concepton on the Subsonic Turbine Stage Flowfield

In order to shorten aero-engine axial length,substituting the traditional long chord thick strut design accompanied with the traditional low pressure(LP) stage nozzle,LP turbine is integrated with intermediate turbine duct(ITD).In the current paper,five vanes of the first stage LP turbine nozzle is replaced with loaded struts for supporting the engine shaft,and providing oil pipes circumferentially which fulfilled the areo-engine structure requirement.However,their bulky geometric size represents a more effective obstacle to flow from high pressure(HP) turbine rotor.These five struts give obvious influence for not only the LP turbine nozzle but also the flowfield within the ITD,and hence cause higher loss.Numerical investigation has been undertaken to observe the influence of the Nozzle-Strut integrated design concept on the flowfield within the ITD and the nearby nozzle blades.According to the computational results,three main conclusions are finally obtained.Firstly,a noticeable low speed area is formed near the strut's leading edge,which is no doubt caused by the potential flow effects.Secondly,more severe radial migration of boundary layer flow adjacent to the strut's pressure side have been found near the nozzle's trailing edge.Such boundary layer migration is obvious,especially close to the shroud domain.Meanwhile,radial pressure gradient aggravates this phenomenon.Thirdly,velocity distribution along the strut's pressure side on nozzle's suction surface differs,which means loading variation of the nozzle.And it will no doubt cause nonuniform flowfield faced by the downstream rotor blade.