Although most transition metals have been tested as the promoter to Pt for electrocatalysis toward fuel cell reactions,semi-conductor elements,such as Si,have hitherto not been examined.Here we report a simple synthes...Although most transition metals have been tested as the promoter to Pt for electrocatalysis toward fuel cell reactions,semi-conductor elements,such as Si,have hitherto not been examined.Here we report a simple synthesis of intermetallic Pt2Si electrode using magnetron sputtering and the electrocatalysis toward ethanol oxidation reaction（EOR）.In comparison to Pt,the intermetallic Pt2Si surface turns out to be much more active in catalyzing the EOR：the onset potential shifts negatively by 150 mV,and the current density at 0.6 V increases by a magnitude of one order.Such an enormous enhancement in EOR catalysis is ascribed to the promotion effects of Si,which can not only provide active surface oxygenated species to accelerate the removal of COads,but also strongly alter the electronic property of Pt,as clearly indicated by the core-level shift in XPS spectrum.展开更多
Developing efficient catalysts with high activity and durability via alloying strategy is essential to the energy conversion in various electro-catalytic reactions.Among the different alloy structures,intermetallic co...Developing efficient catalysts with high activity and durability via alloying strategy is essential to the energy conversion in various electro-catalytic reactions.Among the different alloy structures,intermetallic compounds(IMCs)have received much attention recently due to the special geometric and electronic effects and outstanding activity and durability,endowed by their ordered structure.Herein,A series of hollow-structured nanocrystals of Pd-Sn alloy,including face-centered cubic solid solution of Pd(Sn),IMCs of Pd_(2)Sn,and IMCs of Pd_(3)Sn2,are fabricated via a solvothermal strategy by varying the precursor ratio of Pd and Sn.The structure difference of the nanocrystals has been investigated via combined electron microscopy and spectroscopy,assisted by local elemental separation analysis and X-ray spectroscopy.Among all,Pd_(3)Sn_(2)IMCs show outstanding methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)activity in terms of mass activity(1.3 A·mgPd^(−1))and specific activity(5.03 mA·cm^(−2)).Through density functional theory(DFT)simulation calculations on three different Pd-Sn alloy models,the performance has been well understood.As compared with Pd(Sn)and Pd2Sn,the high MOR kinetics on Pd_(3)Sn_(2)is featured by its weaker CO adsorption and favorable CO–OH co-adsorption.展开更多
Porous TiAl intermetallic compound, as a novel substitute for current inorganic porous material, offsets the shortages of both ceramics and metals. The environmental corrosion resistance of porous TiAl intermetallic c...Porous TiAl intermetallic compound, as a novel substitute for current inorganic porous material, offsets the shortages of both ceramics and metals. The environmental corrosion resistance of porous TiAl intermetallic compound was investigated. The kinetic equation for the cyclic oxidation of porous TiAl alloy at 600 ℃ is determined to be △m2=1.08×10-5t. After total oxidation of 140 h, porous TiAl intermetallic compound shows more stability of pore structure and the mass gain of TiAl alloy is 0.042 g/m2, which is only 10.6% that of porous 316L stainless steel. The kinetic equation for the cyclic corrosion behavior of porous TiAl alloy in hydrochloric acid with pH=2 at 90 ℃ is determined to be △m2=5.41×10-5t-2.08×10-4. After 50 h exposure, the mass loss of TiAl alloy is 0.049 g/m2, which is only 14.8% and 5.57% that of porous Ti and stainless steel, respectively. The kinetic equation in hydrochloric acid with pH=3 is determined to be △m2=2.63×10-6t-3.72×10-6.展开更多
1.IntroductionThe research of the TD1 and TD2 al-loys based on intermetallic compound TiAl,which possesses high temperature capabilityfrom 650 to 700℃ was conducted.However,the limitation used at high temperature isi...1.IntroductionThe research of the TD1 and TD2 al-loys based on intermetallic compound TiAl,which possesses high temperature capabilityfrom 650 to 700℃ was conducted.However,the limitation used at high temperature isimposed by oxidation and degradation ofcreep strength,and relatively little know-展开更多
The isothermal oxidation behavior of NiAl-31Cr-2.9Mo-0.1Hf-0.05Ho directional eutectic alloy was investigated with the help of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.The results revealed that a continuous ...The isothermal oxidation behavior of NiAl-31Cr-2.9Mo-0.1Hf-0.05Ho directional eutectic alloy was investigated with the help of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.The results revealed that a continuous Al2O3 scale was formed and owned excellent oxidation resistance in the temperature range of 900-1100°C.When the temperature was up to 1150°C,the continuous Al2O3 oxide film ruptured.Trace rare earth element Ho distributed uniformly in the alloy and relatively high level of Al in Cr（Mo）phase are beneficial to the formation of continuous and compact Al2O3 scale.During the oxidation,a phase transformation fromθ-Al2O3 toα-Al2O3 existed on the surface of oxidation film.It resulted in the abnormal oxidation mass gain happening when the alloy was oxidized at 1000°C or 1050°C.展开更多
The effect of boron content(0 to 2.22 at.-% )on isothermal oxidation behaviour of Ni_3Al at 750 to 1150℃ for 3 to 100 h has been studied.The results show that the isothermal oxidation kinetics of Ni_3Al with various ...The effect of boron content(0 to 2.22 at.-% )on isothermal oxidation behaviour of Ni_3Al at 750 to 1150℃ for 3 to 100 h has been studied.The results show that the isothermal oxidation kinetics of Ni_3Al with various B contents at different temperatures obeys the parabolic law. The compounds with 0.52 to 1.37 at.-%B show the best oxidation resistance.The morphology and microstructure of the scales have also been investigated.展开更多
Gas nitridation of TiAl based alloys in an ammonia atmosphere was carried out. The evaluation of the surface wear resistance was performed to compare with those of the non nitrided alloys. It is concluded that high te...Gas nitridation of TiAl based alloys in an ammonia atmosphere was carried out. The evaluation of the surface wear resistance was performed to compare with those of the non nitrided alloys. It is concluded that high temperature nitridation raised wear resistance of TiAl based alloys markedly. The tribological behaviors of the nitrided alloys were also discussed. The oxidation kinetics of the nitrided TiAl based alloys were investigated at 800～1?000?℃ in hot air. It is concluded that nitridation is detrimental to the oxidation resistance of TiAl based alloys under the present conditions. The nitrided alloys exhibit increased oxidizing rate with the prolongation of nitridation time at 800?℃. However, alloys nitrided at 940?℃ for 50?h display a sign of better oxidation resistance than the other nitrided alloys at more severe oxidizing conditions. The parabolic rate law is considered as the basis of the data processing and interpretation of the mass gain vs time data. As a comparison with it, attempts were made to fit the data with the power law. The oxidation kinetic parameter k n, k p and n were measured and the trends were discussed.展开更多
Research work and recent progress made toward the industrial applications of the Ni_3Al in CISRI are discussed in present paper. The development of a Ni_3Al base alloy named MX-246 hardened by carbides and fine disper...Research work and recent progress made toward the industrial applications of the Ni_3Al in CISRI are discussed in present paper. The development of a Ni_3Al base alloy named MX-246 hardened by carbides and fine dispersion of disordered γ is summaried. This alloy,with higher peak temperature of yield strength and higher strain hardening rate than alloyIC-218,has been successfully used as the material of rolling guider at elevated temperatures and in wear conditions. The Ni3Al base alloy of GH264 has been made into welding electrodes by horizontal continuous casting process, and recently successfully surfacing welded on hydraulic blades as cavitation erosion resistance material. The process of remelting Ni3Al base alloy in air was also developed. The processes of producing welding electrodes and remelting in air set the base of industrial applications of Ni3Al in welding, repairing and casting in mass production and into components of large size. Another application of the compound, manufacturing the jet engine rivets used at about 1300℃ , can be attributed to its excellent oxidation resistance and still keeping high strength up to the melting point.展开更多
In this study,Al-30W(wt.%)alloy powder was prepared by Aluminothermic reduction and hightemperature gas atomization.We then studied the phase composition,surface morphology,spatial phase structure,and thermal oxidatio...In this study,Al-30W(wt.%)alloy powder was prepared by Aluminothermic reduction and hightemperature gas atomization.We then studied the phase composition,surface morphology,spatial phase structure,and thermal oxidation process using XRD,SEM/EDS,TEM,DSC,and DTA/TG analysis.The results showed that the Al-30W alloy powder exhibited high sphericity,and the interior presented a special spatial phase structure in which the Al/W amorphous alloy phase and the metastable Al/W intermetallic compound phase were distributed in the pure Al matrix.When the Al-30W alloy powder was stabilized in a vacuum tube furnace,the spatial phase structure of the alloy powder changed,and a small amount of pure Al was embedded in the Al_(12)W matrix.The resulting Al-30W alloy powder products,treated in air at different temperatures,were collected in situ and characterized.The results presented that with an increase in temperature,the types and morphologies of the Al/W intermetallic compounds in the Al-30W alloy powder changed.Furthermore,the Al-30W alloy powder began to undergo intense oxidation reactions at about 900℃,accompanied by a concentrated energy release and rapid weight gain.The volatilization of WO_(3)produced in the oxidation process promoted the complete oxidation of the Al-30W alloy powder,and the Al-30W alloy powder was completely oxidized at 1300℃.At this stage,all W atoms were transformed into gaseous WO_(3),and only a large number of small Al_(2)O_(3)fragments remained in the oxidation product.Thus,the Al-30W alloy powder exhibited excellent thermal reactivity and oxidation integrity,and may offer excellent application prospects in the field of energetic materials.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(2012CB932800,2012CB215503)the National Science Foundation of China(21125312,21203142)the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China(20110141130002)
文摘Although most transition metals have been tested as the promoter to Pt for electrocatalysis toward fuel cell reactions,semi-conductor elements,such as Si,have hitherto not been examined.Here we report a simple synthesis of intermetallic Pt2Si electrode using magnetron sputtering and the electrocatalysis toward ethanol oxidation reaction（EOR）.In comparison to Pt,the intermetallic Pt2Si surface turns out to be much more active in catalyzing the EOR：the onset potential shifts negatively by 150 mV,and the current density at 0.6 V increases by a magnitude of one order.Such an enormous enhancement in EOR catalysis is ascribed to the promotion effects of Si,which can not only provide active surface oxygenated species to accelerate the removal of COads,but also strongly alter the electronic property of Pt,as clearly indicated by the core-level shift in XPS spectrum.
基金support from the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,China(No.18JCYBJC20600)Institute of Energy,Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center(No.19KZS207).
文摘Developing efficient catalysts with high activity and durability via alloying strategy is essential to the energy conversion in various electro-catalytic reactions.Among the different alloy structures,intermetallic compounds(IMCs)have received much attention recently due to the special geometric and electronic effects and outstanding activity and durability,endowed by their ordered structure.Herein,A series of hollow-structured nanocrystals of Pd-Sn alloy,including face-centered cubic solid solution of Pd(Sn),IMCs of Pd_(2)Sn,and IMCs of Pd_(3)Sn2,are fabricated via a solvothermal strategy by varying the precursor ratio of Pd and Sn.The structure difference of the nanocrystals has been investigated via combined electron microscopy and spectroscopy,assisted by local elemental separation analysis and X-ray spectroscopy.Among all,Pd_(3)Sn_(2)IMCs show outstanding methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)activity in terms of mass activity(1.3 A·mgPd^(−1))and specific activity(5.03 mA·cm^(−2)).Through density functional theory(DFT)simulation calculations on three different Pd-Sn alloy models,the performance has been well understood.As compared with Pd(Sn)and Pd2Sn,the high MOR kinetics on Pd_(3)Sn_(2)is featured by its weaker CO adsorption and favorable CO–OH co-adsorption.
基金Projects(20636020, 20476106 and 50825102) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2003CB615707) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China+1 种基金Project(2006AA03Z511) supported by the Hi-tech Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(50721003) supported by the Creative Research Group of National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Porous TiAl intermetallic compound, as a novel substitute for current inorganic porous material, offsets the shortages of both ceramics and metals. The environmental corrosion resistance of porous TiAl intermetallic compound was investigated. The kinetic equation for the cyclic oxidation of porous TiAl alloy at 600 ℃ is determined to be △m2=1.08×10-5t. After total oxidation of 140 h, porous TiAl intermetallic compound shows more stability of pore structure and the mass gain of TiAl alloy is 0.042 g/m2, which is only 10.6% that of porous 316L stainless steel. The kinetic equation for the cyclic corrosion behavior of porous TiAl alloy in hydrochloric acid with pH=2 at 90 ℃ is determined to be △m2=5.41×10-5t-2.08×10-4. After 50 h exposure, the mass loss of TiAl alloy is 0.049 g/m2, which is only 14.8% and 5.57% that of porous Ti and stainless steel, respectively. The kinetic equation in hydrochloric acid with pH=3 is determined to be △m2=2.63×10-6t-3.72×10-6.
文摘1.IntroductionThe research of the TD1 and TD2 al-loys based on intermetallic compound TiAl,which possesses high temperature capabilityfrom 650 to 700℃ was conducted.However,the limitation used at high temperature isimposed by oxidation and degradation ofcreep strength,and relatively little know-
基金Project(51101055)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The isothermal oxidation behavior of NiAl-31Cr-2.9Mo-0.1Hf-0.05Ho directional eutectic alloy was investigated with the help of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.The results revealed that a continuous Al2O3 scale was formed and owned excellent oxidation resistance in the temperature range of 900-1100°C.When the temperature was up to 1150°C,the continuous Al2O3 oxide film ruptured.Trace rare earth element Ho distributed uniformly in the alloy and relatively high level of Al in Cr（Mo）phase are beneficial to the formation of continuous and compact Al2O3 scale.During the oxidation,a phase transformation fromθ-Al2O3 toα-Al2O3 existed on the surface of oxidation film.It resulted in the abnormal oxidation mass gain happening when the alloy was oxidized at 1000°C or 1050°C.
文摘The effect of boron content(0 to 2.22 at.-% )on isothermal oxidation behaviour of Ni_3Al at 750 to 1150℃ for 3 to 100 h has been studied.The results show that the isothermal oxidation kinetics of Ni_3Al with various B contents at different temperatures obeys the parabolic law. The compounds with 0.52 to 1.37 at.-%B show the best oxidation resistance.The morphology and microstructure of the scales have also been investigated.
文摘Gas nitridation of TiAl based alloys in an ammonia atmosphere was carried out. The evaluation of the surface wear resistance was performed to compare with those of the non nitrided alloys. It is concluded that high temperature nitridation raised wear resistance of TiAl based alloys markedly. The tribological behaviors of the nitrided alloys were also discussed. The oxidation kinetics of the nitrided TiAl based alloys were investigated at 800～1?000?℃ in hot air. It is concluded that nitridation is detrimental to the oxidation resistance of TiAl based alloys under the present conditions. The nitrided alloys exhibit increased oxidizing rate with the prolongation of nitridation time at 800?℃. However, alloys nitrided at 940?℃ for 50?h display a sign of better oxidation resistance than the other nitrided alloys at more severe oxidizing conditions. The parabolic rate law is considered as the basis of the data processing and interpretation of the mass gain vs time data. As a comparison with it, attempts were made to fit the data with the power law. The oxidation kinetic parameter k n, k p and n were measured and the trends were discussed.
文摘Research work and recent progress made toward the industrial applications of the Ni_3Al in CISRI are discussed in present paper. The development of a Ni_3Al base alloy named MX-246 hardened by carbides and fine dispersion of disordered γ is summaried. This alloy,with higher peak temperature of yield strength and higher strain hardening rate than alloyIC-218,has been successfully used as the material of rolling guider at elevated temperatures and in wear conditions. The Ni3Al base alloy of GH264 has been made into welding electrodes by horizontal continuous casting process, and recently successfully surfacing welded on hydraulic blades as cavitation erosion resistance material. The process of remelting Ni3Al base alloy in air was also developed. The processes of producing welding electrodes and remelting in air set the base of industrial applications of Ni3Al in welding, repairing and casting in mass production and into components of large size. Another application of the compound, manufacturing the jet engine rivets used at about 1300℃ , can be attributed to its excellent oxidation resistance and still keeping high strength up to the melting point.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51871106).We express our grat-itude for analyzing and testing of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Analytical&Testing Center.
文摘In this study,Al-30W(wt.%)alloy powder was prepared by Aluminothermic reduction and hightemperature gas atomization.We then studied the phase composition,surface morphology,spatial phase structure,and thermal oxidation process using XRD,SEM/EDS,TEM,DSC,and DTA/TG analysis.The results showed that the Al-30W alloy powder exhibited high sphericity,and the interior presented a special spatial phase structure in which the Al/W amorphous alloy phase and the metastable Al/W intermetallic compound phase were distributed in the pure Al matrix.When the Al-30W alloy powder was stabilized in a vacuum tube furnace,the spatial phase structure of the alloy powder changed,and a small amount of pure Al was embedded in the Al_(12)W matrix.The resulting Al-30W alloy powder products,treated in air at different temperatures,were collected in situ and characterized.The results presented that with an increase in temperature,the types and morphologies of the Al/W intermetallic compounds in the Al-30W alloy powder changed.Furthermore,the Al-30W alloy powder began to undergo intense oxidation reactions at about 900℃,accompanied by a concentrated energy release and rapid weight gain.The volatilization of WO_(3)produced in the oxidation process promoted the complete oxidation of the Al-30W alloy powder,and the Al-30W alloy powder was completely oxidized at 1300℃.At this stage,all W atoms were transformed into gaseous WO_(3),and only a large number of small Al_(2)O_(3)fragments remained in the oxidation product.Thus,the Al-30W alloy powder exhibited excellent thermal reactivity and oxidation integrity,and may offer excellent application prospects in the field of energetic materials.
