Minimally Invasive Total Arterial Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Left Main Stem Disease

Objective: The aim was to show that Minimally Invasive total arterial revascularization for left main stem coronary artery disease, via a left anterior Mini thoracotomy using bilateral internal thoracic arteries is feasible, reproducible and safe. Further, there has been no exclusive data or experience with minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting in left main stem disease. Methods: From April 2019 to March 2024, 41 patients with left main stem stenosis, left main equivalent disease and unprotected left main with triple vessel disease underwent off pump minimally invasive multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting using either in situ pedicled Bilateral Internal Thoracic arteries or Left and Right Internal Thoracic artery Y composite conduits at three centers. Bilateral Internal Thoracic arteries were harvested under direct vision. All patients had an Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump inserted via the femoral artery prior to induction of anesthesia, to prevent any hemodynamic instability, arrhythmias, and was removed following completion of the procedure in the operating room without any complications. Efficacy and outcomes were evaluated by i) Primary (MACCE)-Major Adverse Cardiac and Cardiovascular events and ii) Secondary outcome measures including total length of stay, return to full physical activity and quality of life. Mean follow-up was 1.4 years (Maximum was 2.5 years). Results: 41 patients with left main stem coronary artery stenosis, underwent total arterial revascularization using bilateral internal thoracic arteries. Left main stem stenosis was present in 29 patients, Unprotected left main stem stenosis with triple vessel disease in 7 and left main equivalence in 5 patients. In this cohort, 29 patients with only left main stem stenosis had 2 grafts each, 7 patients with left main and triple vessel disease had 3 grafts and 5 patients with left main equivalent disease had 2 grafts respectively. The average number of grafts was 2.2. One patient was converted to open sternotomy as an emergency because of hemodynamic instability and myocardial revascularization was done on cardiopulmonary bypass (2.2%). The average hospital stay was 3.7 days. Ejection fraction was 45% ± 5%. There was one mortality (2.2%) but no major morbidity. The average ICU and hospital stay was 24 ± 4 hours and 3.7 days. All patients were free from major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events at follow-up. Conclusions: Multivessel total arterial revascularization using left and right internal thoracic arteries, was performed via a left anterior Mini thoracotomy on patients with left main stem disease and showed that it was safe, reproducible and will help extend the armamentarium of the surgeon in minimally invasive Coronary artery bypass grafting. Concomitantly it helped enhance the potential for shorter hospital stay, increased survival, decreased morbidity, and earlier return to full activity. Furthermore, the safety, efficacy, and outcomes of minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting in this high-risk group evaluated by primary and secondary outcome measures have been good in this study.

Fractional flow reserve measured via left internal mammary artery after coronary artery bypass grafting:Two case reports

BACKGROUND The fractional flow reserve(FFR)has made the treatment of coronary heart disease more precise.However,there are few reports on the measurement of FFR via the left internal mammary artery(LIMA).Herein,we described the determination of further treatments by measuring FFR via the LIMA in 2 cases after coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG).CASE SUMMARY Case 1 was a 66-year-old male who was admitted due to“chest tightness after CABG.”The patient underwent CABG 7 years prior due to coronary heart disease.Coronary artery angiography showed complete occlusion of the left anterior descending artery(LAD),and subtotal occlusion of the third segment of the right coronary artery.On arterial angiography,there was 85%stenosis at the distal end of the anastomosis of the LIMA-LAD graft.FFR via LIMA was determined at 0.75.Thus,balloon dilation was performed in Case 1.FFR after balloon dilation was 0.94.Case 2 was a 60-year-old male who was admitted due to“chest tightness after CABG.”The patient underwent CABG 6 years prior due to coronary heart disease.There was 60%segmental stenosis in the middle segment of LAD and 75%anastomotic stenosis.FFR measured via LIMA was 0.83(negative);thus the intervention was not performed.Case 2 was given drug treatments.At the 3-mo follow-up,there was no recurrence of chest tightness or shortness of breath in both cases.They are currently under continual follow-up.CONCLUSION We provided evidence that FFR measurement via grafted blood vessels,especially LIMA,after CABG is a good method to determine the intervention course.

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting using a bilateral internal mammary artery Y graft

Objective To evaluate the outcome of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting （OPCABG） using a bilateral internal mammary artery （BIMA） Y configuration graft to achieve total arterial myocardial revascularization. Methods From October 2002 to December 2008, 208 patients （196 males and 12 females） underwent OPCABG using a BIMA Y configuration graft. The average age of the patients was 56.5 ± 11.3 years, with an age range of 33-78 years. A total of 167 （80.2%） cases had triple-vessel disease. Left main stem disease was found in 33 （15.9%） cases, and double-vessel disease was found in 8 （3.9%） cases. The semi-skeletonization technique was used to harvest the two internal mammary arteries （IMAs）, and then the free right internal mammary artery was connected end-to-side to the left internal mammary artery （LIMA） in situ to complete the Y configuration graft. Off-pump and sequential anastomosis methods were used to perform coronary artery bypass surgery in all patients. Graft patency was assessed intm-operatively with the HT311 transit time flowmeter. Results A total of 728 distal anastomoses were performed in 208 patients, with the average being 3.5± 1.3 per person. No one died or experienced recurrent angina within 30 days after the operation. Conclusions OPCABG using the BIMA Y graft was safe and effective to achieve total arterial revascularization. This method avoids surgical operation on the ascending aorta and other incisions.

Management of atherosclerotic plaque in left internal mammary artery graft five years after angiographic patency: A case report

BACKGROUND The left internal mammary artery(LIMA)has demonstrated excellent long-term patency rates when used as a bypass conduit with complications usually occurring in the early postoperative period.The rapid development of de-novo atherosclerosis in a previously non-diseased LIMA,subsequently leading to an acute coronary syndrome(ACS)is rarely encountered.CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old man with history of triple coronary artery bypass graft(8 years ago)presented to our hospital with an ACS.He had undergone angiography 5 years ago to investigate episodic chest pain and imaging of the LIMA at the time did not demonstrate the atherosclerotic process.Emergent angiography demonstrated a severe diffuse stenosis in the proximal to mid segment of the LIMA,with embolization of a moderate sized thrombus to the distal skip segment.The LIMA stenosis was characterised by overlying haziness,consistent with acute plaque rupture,associated with residual luminal thrombus.The patient was managed with antithrombotic therapy to reduce the thrombus burden until repeat angiography after 72 h.At repeat angiography,the thrombus burden was substantially reduced at the distal skip segment as well as at the proximal to mid LIMA with the demonstration of multiple plaque cavities.This lesion was predilated and a 2.75 mm×33 mm everolimus-eluting stent was implanted to a final diameter of 3.0 mm.The patient made a good clinical recovery and was discharged after 6 d.CONCLUSION This case highlights the rapid and late development of atherosclerosis in a graft 5 years after documented patency and the importance for consideration of expectant thrombus management.

Literature Review for the Management of Isolated Internal Mammary Artery Injury and a Case Managed by Mini-Thoracotomy

Penetrating injuries to anterior chest may result in life-threatening complications such as massive haemothorax,?as a result of injury to the internal mammary artery.?Isolated internal mammary injury is a very rare cause of massive haemothorax and associated with high mortality.?We are presenting this?32-year-old gentleman who sustained a thoracic stab wound and had an emergency right anterior mini-thoracotomy?by extending the stab wound rather than standard thoracotomy or sternotomy.?This case of isolated penetrating IMA injury managed with mini-thoracotomy is the only documented case so far. We are publishing this case report with patient’s both written and informed consent and institutional approval.?This potentially life-threating injury can be managed by mini-thoracotomy with enhanced recovery;however, it is case specific and needs proper judgement.

Management of Internal Mammary Artery Spasm

The article is dedicated to the management of internal mammary artery spasm intra- and postoperatively based on the accumulated evidence in the literature. It provides a stepwise decision algorithm for safely resolving the spasm and prevention of relapse.

Semi-skeletonized Internal Mammary Grafts and Phrenic Nerve Injury:Cause-and-effect analysis

Summary： Phrenic nerve injury after cardiac surgery increases postoperative pulmonary complications. The purpose of this study was to analyze the causes and effects of phrenic nerve injury after cardiac surgery. Prospectively collected data on 2084 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac surgery from Jan. 1995 to Feb. 2002 were analyzed. Twenty-eight preoperative and operation related variables were subjected to logistic analysis with the end point being phrenic nerve injury. Then phrenic nerve injury and 6 perioperative morbidities were included in the analysis as variables to determine their independent predictive value for perioperative pulmonary morbidity. An identical approach was used to identify the independent risk factors for perioperative mortality. There were 53 phrenic nerve injuries （2.5 %）. There was no phrenic nerve injury in non-coronary surgery or coronary surgery using conduits other than the internal mammary artery. The independent risk factors for phrenic nerve injury were the use of internal mammary artery （Odds ratio （OR）=14.5） and the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （OR=2.9）. Phrenic nerve injury was an independent risk factor （OR=8.1） for perioperative pulmonary morbidities but not for perioperative mortality. Use of semi-skeletonized internal mammary artery harvesting technique and drawing attention to possible vascular or mechanical causes of phrenic nerve injury may reduce its occurrence. Unilateral phrenic nerve injury, although rarely life-threatening, is an independent risk factor for postoperative respiratory complications. When harvesting internal mammary arteries, it should be kept in mind avoiding stretching, compromising, or inadvertently dissecting phrenic nerve is as important as avoiding damage of internal mammary artery itself.

Bilateral vs unilateral internal mammary revascularization in patients with left ventricular dysfunction

AIM To investigate the survival benefit of bilateral internal mammary artery(BIMA) grafts in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.METHODS Between 1996 and 2009,we performed elective,isolated,primary,multiple cardiac arterial bypass grafting in 430 consecutive patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 40%. The early and long-term results were compared between 167 patients undergoing BIMA grafting and 263 patients using left internal mammary artery(LIMA)-saphenous venous grafting(SVG).RESULTS The mean age of the overall population was 60.1 ± 15 years. In-hospital mortality was not different between the two groups(7.8% vs 10.3%,P = 0.49). Early postoperative morbidity included myocardial infarction(4.2% vs 3.8%,P = 0.80),stroke(1.2% vs 3.8%,P = 0.14),and mediastinitis(5.3% vs 2.3%,P = 0.11). At 8-year follow-up,Kaplan-Meier-estimated survival(74.2% vs 58.9%,P = 0.02) and Kaplan-Meier-estimated event-free survival(all cause deaths,myocardial infarction,stroke,target vessel revascularization,heart failure)(61.7% and 41.1%,P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the BIMA group compared with the LIMA-SVG group in univariate analysis. The propensity score matching analysis confirmed that BIMA grafting is a safe revascularization procedure but there was no long term survival(P = 0.40) and event-free survival(P = 0.13) in comparison with LIMA-SVG use.CONCLUSION Our longitudinal analysis suggests that BIMA grafting can be performed with acceptable perioperative mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.

Prevention of Sternal Dehiscence Following Use of Bilateral Internal Mammary Arteries in OPCAB

Purpose: We harvested bilateral Internal Mammary Arteries and made LIMA-RIMA Y in all the patients undergoing OPCAB at our center irrespective of the presence or absence of various risk factors for sternal dehiscence. The purpose of this study was to find an effective way of sternal closure in patients undergoing OPCAB with both the Internal Mammary Arteries harvested for grafting. Method: The patients who did not have any risk factors were placed in group I and all of them had a standard six wire closure of sternotomy. The patients having any risk factors were placed in group II. The patients in group II were randomized by including every alternate patient from group II to subgroup II A and every other alternate patient from group II to subgroup II B. Patients in subgroup II A again had a standard closure of sternotomy while in patients of subgroup II B bilateral Robiscek repair and four-five interlocking figure of eight wires were used for closure of sternotomy. Results: The patients who had risk factors for sternal dehiscence had higher risk for sternal dehiscence as compared to patients without any risk factors if bilateral Internal Mammary Arteries were harvested for OPCAB. But if we used bilateral Robiscek repair with four to five interlocking figure of eight wires for sternal closure then the rate of sternal complications in the patients with risk factors for sternal dehiscence was not more than the patients without risk factors. Conclusion: We can harvest bilateral Internal Mammary Arteries for OPCAB without fear of sternal complications even in patients with high risk for sternal dehiscence if we use bilateral Robiscek repair with four to five interlocking figure of eight wires for sternal closure.

Reconstruction of Chest Wall after Extensive Chest Wall Necrosis Caused by Transcatheter Arterial Embolization of Bilateral Internal Mammary Arteries Injured by Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation—A Case Report

Transcatheter Arterial Embolization (TAE) is known to be effective for controlling severe hemorrhage caused by iatrogenic or blunt trauma. Out of more than 100 cases of TAE performed in our hospital, we have treated some cases of skin or muscle necrosis that resulted from embolization of the main arteries. In this study, we report the case of a patient with significant chest wall necrosis after TAE of the bilateral internal mammary arteries (IMAs). A 66-year-old male was transported to our hospital for loss of consciousness while playing golf. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed for cardiac arrest, which resulted in several rib fractures and mediastinal hematoma due to bilateral mammary artery injuries. Immediate TAE embolization was performed because of continuous hemorrhage. He was referred to our department 16 days after embolization due to the presentation of chest wall necrosis. Heart, lungs and diaphragm were exposed after surgical debridement under systemic anesthesia. We performed several operations to reconstruct the anterior chest wall. His spontaneous respiration returned, and is now controlled with a tracheostomy tube. Complete epithelialization was achieved, and he was transferred to another hospital for further rehabilitation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of chest wall necrosis resulting from TAE of IMAs. Arterial embolization can cause widespread necrosis of bone, muscle and skin. Although treatment required an extended period, we managed to reconstruct the chest wall with multidisciplinary strategies.

Comparison of Sternal Wound Complication after Off-Pump CABG between Skeletonized and Pedicled LIMA Harvesting: A Single Centre Experience in Bangladesh

Background: Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is a surgical procedure that has gained popularity due to its potential benefits over traditional coronary artery bypass grafting, including reduced morbidity and mortality. However, sternal wound complication (SWC) remains challenging following the procedure. The technique of left internal mammary artery (LIMA) harvesting has been shown to impact the incidence of SWC. This study aimed to compare the incidence of SWC between two techniques of LIMA harvesting, i.e., skeletonized and pedicled. Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, and included 60 patients who underwent OPCAB. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 each based on the technique of LIMA harvesting used, i.e., skeletonized (group A) or pedicled (group B). The postoperative ICU care was given to each patient as per the protocol. The statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS version 26.0 for Windows software. Results: The results showed that 5 (8.33%) patients developed SWC, with 1 (1.67%) patient in group A and 4 (6.66%) patients in group B. However, the occurrence of SWC was not statistically significant between the two groups (p = 0.35). The mean age, gender distribution, and comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and anemia were also not statistically significant between the two groups. The number of smokers was statistically significant between the two groups (p = 0.03), and the occurrence of SWC was found to be higher in smoker patients in group B (p = 0.04). Preoperative and postoperative parameters such as duration of operation, duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of chest drains, duration of the central venous line, and amount of postoperative mediastinal bleeding were also not statistically significant between the two groups. The distribution of wound complications, duration of ICU stays, and hospital stay between the two groups was also not statistically significant. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study found that the incidence of SWC was less in skeletonized LIMA harvesting than in pedicled LIMA harvesting after OPCAB. However, this finding was not statistically significant. Further studies with larger sample sizes may be needed to confirm these results and determine the appropriate technique of LIMA harvesting to decrease the incidence of SWC after OPCAB.

不同乳内动脉游离方法在冠状动脉旁路移植中的应用效果比较

目的探究不同乳内动脉游离方法下冠状动脉旁路移植的安全性及术后远期预后。方法回顾性选取2016年1月至2020年3月在河南科技大学第一附属医院接受冠状动脉旁路移植术的患者117例,根据患者乳内动脉游离方式分组,A组患者接受带蒂法游离胸廓内动脉,B组患者接受骨骼化法游离胸廓内动脉。对两组患者术中临床指标、围手术期指标及术后并发症发生情况进行记录。对患者进行3 a随访,记录两组患者随访期内心绞痛分级情况及不良心血管事件发生情况。结果两组患者的手术时间、远端吻合口数、左侧乳内动脉流量、左侧乳内动脉搏动指数、右侧乳内动脉流量、右侧乳内动脉搏动指数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者的呼吸机辅助时间、左心室射血分数、左心室舒张末期内径、术后切口疼痛情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。B组患者的术后胸腔积液量少于A组,ICU停留时间短于A组(P<0.05)。B组患者术后总并发症发生率低于A组(P<0.05)。随访期止时,B组患者高等级心绞痛发生率低于A组(P<0.05)。两组患者不良心血管事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在冠状动脉旁路移植手术中,骨骼化法游离胸廓内动脉在术后并发症发生率、胸腔积液量、ICU停留时间以及高等级心绞痛的发生率等方面表现优于带蒂法游离胸廓内动脉。

比较获取不同乳内动脉行不停搏冠状动脉旁路移植术的早期效果

目的:比较骨骼化乳内动脉(IMA)与带蒂IMA行不停搏冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)后的早期临床效果。方法:选取2020年10月至2022年4月首都医科大学大兴教学医院110例单纯行胸骨正中切口的OPCABG患者,搭桥方式均为左侧IMA与前降支吻合。其中男性81例,女性29例,平均年龄(58.6±8.7)岁。根据术中IMA获取情况,分为骨骼化IMA组(54例)和带蒂IMA组(56例)。比较2组IMA获取时间、住院时间、吻合后血管流速、术后引流量、术后第2天C反应蛋白、胸部切口感染、胸骨哆开等情况。结果:与带蒂IMA组比较,骨骼化IMA组吻合后桥血管流速更快[(73.56±40.16)mL/min对(58.26±33.27)mL/min],获取时间更长[(31.6±7.8)min对(24.3±8.1)min],术后总引流量更少[(428.6±318.7)mL对(541.7±332.5)mL],2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组术后第2天C反应蛋白、胸部切口感染、胸骨哆开及住院时间等差异无统计学意义。OPCABG后平均随访15个月,2组主要不良心脑血管事件发生率、乳内动脉桥通畅率、大隐静脉桥通畅率的差异无统计学意义。结论:获取骨骼化IMA比带蒂IMA时间长,难度高,但术后桥血管血流更好,动脉桥更长,可序贯弥漫病变前降支,且术后总引流量更少,骨骼化IMA在OPCABG中应用早期疗效满意。

带蒂内乳动脉穿支皮瓣在内下象限乳腺癌保乳术中的应用

目的 探讨采用带蒂内乳动脉穿支(internal mammary artery perforator, IMAP)皮瓣修复内下象限乳腺癌保乳术后乳房局部缺损的可行性及美容效果。方法 回顾性分析2018年2月—2021年2月郴州市第一人民医院甲乳外科收治的12例乳腺癌患者临床资料。所有患者肿瘤均位于内下象限,所有患者均采用带蒂IMAP皮瓣修复保乳术后乳房局部缺损,记录每次穿支血管解剖情况,观察手术相关指标(皮瓣制作时间、切除病灶组织量、手术时间及切缘二次扩切率)及术后并发症,评价术后美容效果。结果 12例患者的整形保乳术均成功完成,术中发现内乳动脉穿支血管相对恒定,皮瓣制作耗时为(12±2)min。术中切除病灶组织量为(98.0±16.5)g,手术时间为(105±15)min,切缘二次扩切率为16.7%。术后有1例出现皮瓣尖端坏死及1例皮下脂肪液化,经换药后均痊愈,余10例均一期愈合,术后并发症发生率为16.7%。术后美容效果评价优良率为91.7%,术后平均随访36个月,未见局部复发,仅1例出现骨转移。结论 采用带蒂IMAP皮瓣修复内下象限乳腺癌保乳术后局部缺损,手术可操作性强,创伤小,美容效果好,值得临床推广。

CABG术后冠状动脉竞争血流对LIMA血流ET、NO含量的影响

目的:研究冠状动脉分流(CABG)术后冠状动脉竞争血流对左乳房内动脉(LIMA)桥血流中内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮(NO)含量的影响,探讨动脉桥血管早期衰坏的分子机制。方法:建立猪CABG术后桥血管竞争血流动物模型,利用血流闭塞器造成冠状动脉不同程度狭窄,测量桥血管血流量及方向变化,并采用放射免疫分析法及硝酸还原酶法分别检测LIMA桥血流中ET、NO含量并进行对比分析。结果:冠状动脉左前降支(LAD)近端狭窄程度越轻,LIMA桥血流量越少;LAD近端未完全闭塞时,LIMA桥均出现双向血流。CABG术后LIMA桥血流ET含量明显高于移植前(P<0.05),NO含量明显低于移植前(P<0.05)。LAD近端冠脉竞争血流越大,LIMA桥血流NO含量越低。LIMA桥血流NO含量与LIMA桥血流量呈正相关(r=0.957,P<0.05)。LAD近端30%狭窄时,NO含量明显低于LAD近端90%狭窄及全部闭塞时(P<0.05),LAD近端50%狭窄时,NO含量明显低于LAD近端全部闭塞时(P<0.05)。LIMA桥血流ET含量有随LAD近端冠脉竞争血流增加而升高的趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:来自未完全闭塞冠状动脉的竞争血流可引起LIMA桥血流量下降,产生双向血流,并导致桥血流中NO含量显著下降。

胸廓内动脉穿支皮瓣联合浅层X线治疗女性胸部瘢痕疙瘩疗效评价

目的:探讨胸廓内动脉穿支(internal mammary artery perforator,IMAP)皮瓣联合术后浅层X线治疗女性患者胸部瘢痕疙瘩的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2022年12月至2024年1月我院收治的创面修复采用IMAP皮瓣,术后联合浅层X线治疗的8例女性胸部瘢痕疙瘩患者资料。结果:8例患者中合并窦道、感染4例,局部破溃2例,瘢痕疙瘩范围3.5 cm×5 cm~11 cm×5 cm。所有患者术后IMAP皮瓣均成活良好,术后胸部功能、乳房形态均较满意。随访期间,供受区无瘢痕增生复发,未见放射相关癌变,牵拉、疼痛、瘙痒症状明显缓解。结论:采用IMAP皮瓣联合浅层X线治疗女性胸部瘢痕疙瘩,可有效降低术区张力,获得较好的胸部功能及乳房形态。

早期下床护理干预对取LIMA行CABG术后肺部并发症的影响

目的:探讨早期下床护理干预对取左乳内动脉(LIMA)行CABG术后肺部并发症的影响.方法:选择医院接受CABG手术治疗患者100例,随机数表法分为对照组与观察组,各50例.对照组患者接受常规护理干预,观察组患者在其基础上行早期下床护理干预,观察统计两组患者下床前2 h以及下床后2 h指脉氧饱和度、氧合指数、肺活量、肺不张及肺部感染的发生率情况,并予以对比分析.结果:下床前2 h组间对比指脉氧饱和度指标无明显差异(P>0.05),下床后2 h组间对比上述指标,显示观察组显著优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者肺不张以及肺部感染发生率均明显低于对照组(P<0.05).观察组患者氧合指数以及肺活量情况均显著优于对照组(P<0.05).结论:对接受CABG术进行治疗的患者,予以早期下床护理干预,可有效改善指脉氧饱和度,并降低肺不张及肺部感染的发生率,在临床中值得进一步推广与应用.

磁共振单侧IMA扩张在乳腺良恶性疾病中的诊断价值

目的比较单侧乳腺占位患者同侧乳内动脉(IMA,internalmammaryarteries)与对侧乳内动脉的直径,探讨磁共振乳腺检查单侧乳内动脉扩张在乳腺良恶性疾病中的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析了80例经手术病理证实的单侧乳腺占位MRI资料,由2名放射科医师在仅知乳腺磁共振图像的条件下,测量其第二肋间水平左右乳内动脉的直径,用统计学方法分析其差异。结果80例患者中,恶性占位患者同侧乳内动脉直径(2.77±0.64)mm显著大于对侧(2.11±0.21)mm,而良性占位患者同侧乳内动脉直径(2.27±0.07)mm稍大于对侧(2.09±0.14)mm。结论乳腺癌患者同侧IMA最大直径较对侧明显增加,乳腺良性患者两侧IMA直径无显著差异。乳腺IMA直径扩张在乳腺疾病鉴别诊断中有意义。

术前乳内动脉超声检查在冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用价值

目的:探讨术前乳内动脉超声检查在冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2018年1月1日至12月31日在北京大学人民医院行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的281例患者临床资料,统计术前乳内动脉超声检查结果,比较左、右乳内动脉的各项超声检查指标(乳内动脉直径、血流量、搏动指数),并结合患者乳内动脉的使用及手术中乳内动脉桥的超声测量结果,进行统计学和临床分析。结果:本研究共纳入281例行CABG的患者,男性210例(74.7%),术前乳内动脉超声显示左、右乳内动脉直径分别为(1.95±0.15)mm和(1.97±0.17)mm(P=0.014),血流量分别为(15.4±5.9)ml/min和(18.2±7.2)ml/min(P<0.001),搏动指数分别为4.12±1.40和3.90±1.19(P<0.001)。术前乳内动脉超声发现乳内动脉血流异常3例。Pearson相关性分析显示原位左乳内动脉血流量与直径相关(r=0.319,95%CI:0.205~0.425,P<0.001),原位左乳内动脉直径、血流量与乳内动脉桥血管血流量不相关(r分别为0.049和0.005,P均>0.05),临床左乳内动脉使用264例,原位使用261例(98.9%);右乳内动脉使用29例,原位使用21例(72.4%)。结论:本研究显示右乳内动脉直径和血流量优于左乳内动脉;术前乳内动脉超声检查可筛选出不宜原位用作桥血管材料的乳内动脉,右乳内动脉的使用方式变化较大。

Coronary bypass revascularization with radial artery and internal mammary artery grafts

Objective To evaluate radial artery (RA) and internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts in coronary artery bypass and the use of color Doppler ultrasound in the peri-operative evaluation of IMA and radial-ulnar collateral circulation.Methods From June 1998 to June 2000, sixty cases of coronary bypass revascularization with RA and IMA were performed. Preoperatively, the radial-ulnar collateral circulation was evaluated with the modified Allen’s test, color Doppler ultrasound and noninvasive oxygen saturation measurement. The IMA lumen and blood flow were measured at the first intercostal space with color Doppler ultrasound preoperatively and postoperatively.Results One patient (1.7%) died of serious cardiac arrhythmia on the fourth postoperative day. There were no arterial graft harvest related complications. Before harvesting, the ulnar artery blood flow was 30.78±9.71?ml/min, and it increased to 43.36±13.98?ml/min (40.87% increase, P【0.01) after the operation. Compared with the baseline, there was no obvious change of IMA blood flow postoperatively (P】0.05), but the systolic/diastolic flow ratio markedly decreased from 8.57±3.98?ml/min to 3.41±4.87?ml/min (P【0.01).Conclusions Arterial grafts can be safely used for coronary bypass revascularization with good results. The ulnar artery blood flow can increase compensatively after RA harvesting. The diastolic blood flow of grafted IMA markedly increased postoperatively. Color Doppler ultrasound was very helpful both in evaluating the radial-ulnar collateral circulation before RA harvesting and in assessing the patency of the grafted IMA after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).