The present investigation focuses on the thermal performance of a fully wet stretching/shrinking longitudinal fin of exponential profile coated with a mechanism like a conveyer belt.The modeled equation is non-dimensi...The present investigation focuses on the thermal performance of a fully wet stretching/shrinking longitudinal fin of exponential profile coated with a mechanism like a conveyer belt.The modeled equation is non-dimensionalized and solved by applying the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg(RKF)method.The effects of parameters such as the wet parameter,the fin shape parameter,and the stretching/shrinking parameter on the heat transfer and thermal characteristics of the fin are graphically analyzed and discussed.It is inferred that the negative effects of motion and internal heat generation on the fin heat transfer rate can be lessened by setting a shrinking mechanism on the fin surface.The current examination is inclined towards practical applications and is beneficial to the design of fins.展开更多
This paper uses a large panel of Pakistani non-financial firms over the period 2000-2013 to examine the role of financial constraints in establishing the relationship between cash flow and external financing.The resul...This paper uses a large panel of Pakistani non-financial firms over the period 2000-2013 to examine the role of financial constraints in establishing the relationship between cash flow and external financing.The results reveal that there exists a negative and significant relationship between external financing and cash flow.The finding of the substitutionary relation between internal funds availability and external financing has been viewed as evidence supporting the pecking order theory of capital structure.Yet,we show that this negative relationship is weak in case of financially constrained firms.We also analyze how credit multiplier affects external financing decisions of financially constrained and unconstrained firms.The results show that for financially unconstrained firms,the negative sensitively of external financing increases with asset tangibility.However,for financially constrained firms,the negative sensitivity of external financing to cash flow either decreases or turns positive as the tangibility of assets increases.This finding implies that financially constrained firms benefit more from investing in tangible assets because such assets not only help relax financial constraints but also having a potential to be a direct source of funds in periods of negative cash flow shocks.展开更多
In this study,the impacts of internal heat generation on heat transfer enhancement of porous fin is theoretical investigated using differential transform method.The parametric studies reveal that porosity enhances the...In this study,the impacts of internal heat generation on heat transfer enhancement of porous fin is theoretical investigated using differential transform method.The parametric studies reveal that porosity enhances the fin heat dissipating capacity but the internal heat generation decreases the heat enhancement capacity of extended surface.Also,it is established that when the internal heat parameter increases to some certain values,some negative effects are recorded where the fin stores heat rather than dissipating it.This scenario defeats the prime purpose of the cooling fin.Additionally,it is established in the present study that the limiting value of porosity parameter for thermal stability for the passive device increases as internal heat parameter increases.This shows that although the internal heat parameter can help assist higher range and value of thermal stability of the fin,it produces negative effect which greatly defeats the ultimate purpose of the fin.The results in the work will help in fin design for industrial applications where internal heat generation is involved.展开更多
Two-dimensional internal waves generated by a moving flat body in a continuous- ly stratified fluid are investigated by using three kinds of flow-visualization methods:electrolytic precipitation,hydrogen bubbles,and d...Two-dimensional internal waves generated by a moving flat body in a continuous- ly stratified fluid are investigated by using three kinds of flow-visualization methods:electrolytic precipitation,hydrogen bubbles,and dye streaks.Attentions are paid mainly to the generation and propagation process in the upstream region under low internal Froude number(1/10π<F_r<1/2π).The features of the upstream disturbances as well as their relationship with stratification number K (K=1/F_r) are illustrated.The corresponding theoretical analysis is briefly presented,and by comparison,the experimental and theoretical results agree well.展开更多
The main theme of this research is to find the numerical results of stagnation point flow of micropolar fluid over a porous stretchable surface due to the physical effects of internal heat generation/absorption,meltin...The main theme of this research is to find the numerical results of stagnation point flow of micropolar fluid over a porous stretchable surface due to the physical effects of internal heat generation/absorption,melting heat transfer and chemical reaction via Keller-Box method(KBM).The graphs and tables are depicted and explained for various embedded parameters.The range of melting heat transfer parameter is 0≤M≤3,the range of chemical reaction parameter is 0≤K_(r)≤1 whereas the values of space-temperature dependent heat source/sink parameters lies in-0:4≤Q≤0:4 and-2≤Q*≤2.The upshots of the current problem illustrate that at fluid-solid interface,rate of HMT(heat and mass transfer)declined on escalating the values of stretching parameter.Moreover,as the values of internal heat source/sink parameter increases,heat transfer rate declines at fluid-solid interface.展开更多
The development of the Internet has provided firms with the ideal opportunity to make up for the knowledge gap for achieving internal knowledge generation(IKG)and external knowledge acquisition(EKA).It is worth explor...The development of the Internet has provided firms with the ideal opportunity to make up for the knowledge gap for achieving internal knowledge generation(IKG)and external knowledge acquisition(EKA).It is worth exploring how Internet resources can be used to satisfy organizational knowledge needs efficiently to adapt to dynamic environments.Thus,according to the resource-based view,knowledge-based view,and contingency theory,we study the impact of different types of Internet resources on the two modes of knowledge creation(IKG and EKA),as well as the moderating effect of environmental dynamism(ED)on this relationship.The hypothesized relationships were tested using the hierarchical regression analysis method with survey data collected from 399 Chinese firms.We found that Internet relationship resource and Internet human resource can simultaneously facilitate IKG and EKA,while Internet infrastructure resource positively affects IKG but has no significant impact on EKA.Furthermore,ED positively moderates the relationship between Internet relationship resource and IKG and EKA,but negatively moderates the relationship between Internet human resource and EKA.展开更多
This paper presents a numerical study of natural convective flow of an electrically conducting viscous micropolar fluid past a vertical plate. Internal heat generation (IHG) versus without IHG in the medium are discus...This paper presents a numerical study of natural convective flow of an electrically conducting viscous micropolar fluid past a vertical plate. Internal heat generation (IHG) versus without IHG in the medium are discussed in the context of corresponding similarity solutions. Results are presented in terms of velocity, angular velocity, temperature, skin friction in tabular forms, local wall-coupled stress, and Nusselt number. Computations have been accomplished by parametrizing the micropolar, micro-rotation, magnetic field, suction parameters, and the Prandtl number. Several critical issues are addressed at the end of the paper with reference to a previous study by El-Hakiem. The study is relevant to high-temperature electromagnetic materials fabrication systems.展开更多
Mixed convective heat transfer in a vertical parallel plate micro-porous channel with internal heat generation and viscous dissipation,varying wall heat flux ratio and wall temperature ratio at the boundaries is...Mixed convective heat transfer in a vertical parallel plate micro-porous channel with internal heat generation and viscous dissipation,varying wall heat flux ratio and wall temperature ratio at the boundaries is investigated using the Darcy-Brinkman model under local thermal non-equilibrium assumption.Numerical solution for both fluid and solid temperature distributions are obtained by applying the finite element method.The effect of pertinent parameters such as Brinkman number,Rayleigh number,Darcy number,inter-phase heat transfer coefficient,porosity scaled thermal conductivity ratio and solid internal heat generation are discussed.The results indicate that the Nusselt number increases with the increase in the solid internal heat generation as well as Rayleigh number in both wall heat flux ratio and wall temperature ratio boundary conditions.It is observed that with the quantitative increase in viscous dissipation parameter Br,Nusselt number Nu increases in the presence of internal heat generation and it decreases in the absence of internal heat generation,for a specific range of values of wall heat flux ratio and wall temperature ratio.Beyond this range Nu increases with the increase in Dr regardless of internal heat generation.For the cases,constant wall temperature and wall heat flux ratios,good correlation is observed in the results obtained with that of available in the literature.展开更多
This paper makes the thermodynamic analysis in forced convective flow of a third grade fluid through a vertical channel. Due to the reactive nature of the fluid, the effect of internal heat generation is considered an...This paper makes the thermodynamic analysis in forced convective flow of a third grade fluid through a vertical channel. Due to the reactive nature of the fluid, the effect of internal heat generation is considered and assumed to be a linear function of temperature. The coupled nonlinear dimensionless ordinary differential equations governing the fluid flow are solved by using the Adomian decomposition method(ADM). The effects of various physical parameters such as third grade material parameter, buoyancy parameter and heat generation parameter on the thermal structure of flow are presented and discussed.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Department of Science and Technology,Government of India(No.SR/FST/MS-I/2018/23(C))
文摘The present investigation focuses on the thermal performance of a fully wet stretching/shrinking longitudinal fin of exponential profile coated with a mechanism like a conveyer belt.The modeled equation is non-dimensionalized and solved by applying the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg(RKF)method.The effects of parameters such as the wet parameter,the fin shape parameter,and the stretching/shrinking parameter on the heat transfer and thermal characteristics of the fin are graphically analyzed and discussed.It is inferred that the negative effects of motion and internal heat generation on the fin heat transfer rate can be lessened by setting a shrinking mechanism on the fin surface.The current examination is inclined towards practical applications and is beneficial to the design of fins.
文摘This paper uses a large panel of Pakistani non-financial firms over the period 2000-2013 to examine the role of financial constraints in establishing the relationship between cash flow and external financing.The results reveal that there exists a negative and significant relationship between external financing and cash flow.The finding of the substitutionary relation between internal funds availability and external financing has been viewed as evidence supporting the pecking order theory of capital structure.Yet,we show that this negative relationship is weak in case of financially constrained firms.We also analyze how credit multiplier affects external financing decisions of financially constrained and unconstrained firms.The results show that for financially unconstrained firms,the negative sensitively of external financing increases with asset tangibility.However,for financially constrained firms,the negative sensitivity of external financing to cash flow either decreases or turns positive as the tangibility of assets increases.This finding implies that financially constrained firms benefit more from investing in tangible assets because such assets not only help relax financial constraints but also having a potential to be a direct source of funds in periods of negative cash flow shocks.
文摘In this study,the impacts of internal heat generation on heat transfer enhancement of porous fin is theoretical investigated using differential transform method.The parametric studies reveal that porosity enhances the fin heat dissipating capacity but the internal heat generation decreases the heat enhancement capacity of extended surface.Also,it is established that when the internal heat parameter increases to some certain values,some negative effects are recorded where the fin stores heat rather than dissipating it.This scenario defeats the prime purpose of the cooling fin.Additionally,it is established in the present study that the limiting value of porosity parameter for thermal stability for the passive device increases as internal heat parameter increases.This shows that although the internal heat parameter can help assist higher range and value of thermal stability of the fin,it produces negative effect which greatly defeats the ultimate purpose of the fin.The results in the work will help in fin design for industrial applications where internal heat generation is involved.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Two-dimensional internal waves generated by a moving flat body in a continuous- ly stratified fluid are investigated by using three kinds of flow-visualization methods:electrolytic precipitation,hydrogen bubbles,and dye streaks.Attentions are paid mainly to the generation and propagation process in the upstream region under low internal Froude number(1/10π<F_r<1/2π).The features of the upstream disturbances as well as their relationship with stratification number K (K=1/F_r) are illustrated.The corresponding theoretical analysis is briefly presented,and by comparison,the experimental and theoretical results agree well.
文摘The main theme of this research is to find the numerical results of stagnation point flow of micropolar fluid over a porous stretchable surface due to the physical effects of internal heat generation/absorption,melting heat transfer and chemical reaction via Keller-Box method(KBM).The graphs and tables are depicted and explained for various embedded parameters.The range of melting heat transfer parameter is 0≤M≤3,the range of chemical reaction parameter is 0≤K_(r)≤1 whereas the values of space-temperature dependent heat source/sink parameters lies in-0:4≤Q≤0:4 and-2≤Q*≤2.The upshots of the current problem illustrate that at fluid-solid interface,rate of HMT(heat and mass transfer)declined on escalating the values of stretching parameter.Moreover,as the values of internal heat source/sink parameter increases,heat transfer rate declines at fluid-solid interface.
基金This work was supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.15FGL005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.71403052 and 71403055)the Social Science Planning Project of Fujian Province of China(No.FJ2016C030).
文摘The development of the Internet has provided firms with the ideal opportunity to make up for the knowledge gap for achieving internal knowledge generation(IKG)and external knowledge acquisition(EKA).It is worth exploring how Internet resources can be used to satisfy organizational knowledge needs efficiently to adapt to dynamic environments.Thus,according to the resource-based view,knowledge-based view,and contingency theory,we study the impact of different types of Internet resources on the two modes of knowledge creation(IKG and EKA),as well as the moderating effect of environmental dynamism(ED)on this relationship.The hypothesized relationships were tested using the hierarchical regression analysis method with survey data collected from 399 Chinese firms.We found that Internet relationship resource and Internet human resource can simultaneously facilitate IKG and EKA,while Internet infrastructure resource positively affects IKG but has no significant impact on EKA.Furthermore,ED positively moderates the relationship between Internet relationship resource and IKG and EKA,but negatively moderates the relationship between Internet human resource and EKA.
文摘This paper presents a numerical study of natural convective flow of an electrically conducting viscous micropolar fluid past a vertical plate. Internal heat generation (IHG) versus without IHG in the medium are discussed in the context of corresponding similarity solutions. Results are presented in terms of velocity, angular velocity, temperature, skin friction in tabular forms, local wall-coupled stress, and Nusselt number. Computations have been accomplished by parametrizing the micropolar, micro-rotation, magnetic field, suction parameters, and the Prandtl number. Several critical issues are addressed at the end of the paper with reference to a previous study by El-Hakiem. The study is relevant to high-temperature electromagnetic materials fabrication systems.
文摘Mixed convective heat transfer in a vertical parallel plate micro-porous channel with internal heat generation and viscous dissipation,varying wall heat flux ratio and wall temperature ratio at the boundaries is investigated using the Darcy-Brinkman model under local thermal non-equilibrium assumption.Numerical solution for both fluid and solid temperature distributions are obtained by applying the finite element method.The effect of pertinent parameters such as Brinkman number,Rayleigh number,Darcy number,inter-phase heat transfer coefficient,porosity scaled thermal conductivity ratio and solid internal heat generation are discussed.The results indicate that the Nusselt number increases with the increase in the solid internal heat generation as well as Rayleigh number in both wall heat flux ratio and wall temperature ratio boundary conditions.It is observed that with the quantitative increase in viscous dissipation parameter Br,Nusselt number Nu increases in the presence of internal heat generation and it decreases in the absence of internal heat generation,for a specific range of values of wall heat flux ratio and wall temperature ratio.Beyond this range Nu increases with the increase in Dr regardless of internal heat generation.For the cases,constant wall temperature and wall heat flux ratios,good correlation is observed in the results obtained with that of available in the literature.
文摘This paper makes the thermodynamic analysis in forced convective flow of a third grade fluid through a vertical channel. Due to the reactive nature of the fluid, the effect of internal heat generation is considered and assumed to be a linear function of temperature. The coupled nonlinear dimensionless ordinary differential equations governing the fluid flow are solved by using the Adomian decomposition method(ADM). The effects of various physical parameters such as third grade material parameter, buoyancy parameter and heat generation parameter on the thermal structure of flow are presented and discussed.