In recent years,some countries have advocated a“rules-based international order.”However,they have not explicitly defined the“rules”here as“international law”and thereupon elaborated on their view of the rules f...In recent years,some countries have advocated a“rules-based international order.”However,they have not explicitly defined the“rules”here as“international law”and thereupon elaborated on their view of the rules for the international order.In fact,a series of legal practices implemented by these countries indicate that what they pursue is largely a view of rules that prioritizes domestic law over international law and regional international law over universal international law,and that politicizes international law.This view of rules undermines the role of international law in the international order and violates the requirements of the times for improving global governance and promoting the establishment of a more just and reasonable international order.To correct the view of rules pursued by these countries through the advocacy of a“rules-based international order,”China proposes an“international law-based international order.”The view of rules embodied in the“international law-based international order”recognizes that international law based and centered on the UN Charter is the authoritative system of rules governing international relations,while not excluding the role in the international order of other rules that do not violate international law.展开更多
This article ties in with the research on an emerging ＂China model＂ as an alternative to conceptions of political order introduced and promoted by the ＂West＂. While the term ＂China model＂ will remain of enormous...This article ties in with the research on an emerging ＂China model＂ as an alternative to conceptions of political order introduced and promoted by the ＂West＂. While the term ＂China model＂ will remain of enormous political importance and is in need of further research, the emergence of a ＂one size fits all＂ model of Chinese policy making is rather unlikely. Instead of searching for such a model, social scientific research should analyze whether and how the fragmented Chinese polity is being impacted by such unitary ＂ideas＂ of a Chinese political order and vice versa.展开更多
The appearance of nuclear weapons has posed unprecedented threats of war to mankind. With joint efforts of the international community, a series of international norms and arrangements have been gradually established,...The appearance of nuclear weapons has posed unprecedented threats of war to mankind. With joint efforts of the international community, a series of international norms and arrangements have been gradually established, mainly involving nuclear disarmament and nuclear arms control, prohibition of the use of nuclear weapons, as well as non-proliferation of nuclear arms, effectively influencing nuclear activities among sovereign states, warding off the outbreak of nuclear war, and limiting the number of nuclear states. Since the beginning of the 21 st century, the international strategic environment has undergone major changes. Mankind has entered a new age when nuclear and missile technologies have been proliferated in an accelerated way, with Iran's nuclear capability steadily growing, the DPRK obtaining nuclear weapons by successfully breaching the international nuclear non-proliferation regime, and non-state actors becoming the major subjects to proliferate nuclear technology and nuclear materials. Since coming into office, Trump has thoroughly negated the policy proposition of a nuclear-free world advocated by Obama, insisting on building a powerful missile defense system, developing new forms of strategic weapons, producing low-yield nuclear warheads, and withdrawing from the Iranian nuclear agreement.Trump's policy adjustment has much weakened the nuclear taboo and the nuclear non-proliferation regime, and has initiated a new round in the race toward cutting edge nuclear weapons technology, thus undermining strategic stability among major powers, all highlighting historic limitations of the international nuclear order.展开更多
The international order is built on the principles of sovereign equality,national interests,great powers and respect for human rights among others.International rivalry and cooperation have existed side by side over t...The international order is built on the principles of sovereign equality,national interests,great powers and respect for human rights among others.International rivalry and cooperation have existed side by side over the past few centuries,while the foundations of an international order have solidified.We are now seeing a transition in the international order that requires new innovative ways of thinking.China is seen as the key driver of these changes because of its unique status,pattern of growth and future potential.China should embrace this historic opportunity and take on its obligations to contribute to the birth of a new modern international order.展开更多
The ongoing U. S. -Iraq war is the focus of various governments, peoples and media of the world. Analyses can be made from different angles. I want to discuss the influence of the U. S. -Iraq war on current and future...The ongoing U. S. -Iraq war is the focus of various governments, peoples and media of the world. Analyses can be made from different angles. I want to discuss the influence of the U. S. -Iraq war on current and future world system and international system. The U. S. -Iraq war is not a war in a traditional sense, but the first comprehensive war in the new century, involving military, political,展开更多
The 20th century is a century when both intra-national order and internationalorder were frequently changing. The struggles have never stopped focusingon setting order. Today with the East-west cold war over for 10 ye...The 20th century is a century when both intra-national order and internationalorder were frequently changing. The struggles have never stopped focusingon setting order. Today with the East-west cold war over for 10 years, there arestill strong appeals for peace and stability, and demands for establishing a newinternational order. The War on Kosovo in the end of the 20th century is a sig-nificant attempt from the U. S. and other major Western powers to set up a newworld order without caring whether by means of force or even of war. This展开更多
The global security situation in 2018 continued with its recent years of complexity and volatility,with its order and rules challenged by the prevailing unilateralism and trade protectionism,the emerging nationalism a...The global security situation in 2018 continued with its recent years of complexity and volatility,with its order and rules challenged by the prevailing unilateralism and trade protectionism,the emerging nationalism and populism,the resurgent power politics and authoritarianism,theintensified competition in geopolitical and other new areas,and the incessant regional turmoil and conflicts.展开更多
The international situation is evolving more impressively than it has at any time since the end of the Cold War. Globalization has been in decline. Nations are scrambling to gain greater influence. The intemational st...The international situation is evolving more impressively than it has at any time since the end of the Cold War. Globalization has been in decline. Nations are scrambling to gain greater influence. The intemational strategic pattern is being adjusted. Many countries have problems with public management, and are faced with a new array of social trends and increasingly popular movements. The world is entering a new era full of chaos and anxiety. Mankind once again faces significant trade-offs and choices in peace and conflict, development and recession, openness and isolation, liberalism and conservatism. China strives to advocate win-win cooperation and lead the trend of reform and opening to maintain a favorable external environment despite world chaos, and enhance status and institutional fights in the international system. China＇s 30 years of development was successful in the process of integrating into the existing international system; China is a participant as well as a builder of the international system, rather than a challenger or a subversive. In the future, with a constructive attitude, China will promote the international system in a more reasonable direction together with international partners, in order to better safeguard world peace and security, and promote sustainable development throughout the world.展开更多
Three recent crises,namely the 2008 financial crisis,rising populism and the COVID-19 pandemic,have revealed inherent defects within the liberal international system,the shaky international power structure bemired in ...Three recent crises,namely the 2008 financial crisis,rising populism and the COVID-19 pandemic,have revealed inherent defects within the liberal international system,the shaky international power structure bemired in major power competition,the crumbling post-Cold War world order and a misty future for international politics.Together,institutions,power structures and states are determining the direction of a new international order;with all three variables holding multiple possibilities,the future is far from certain.The shift from old to new world orders usually takes several decades,with the transitional period being the most turbulent and disorderly.Major events can accelerate,precipitate or put these changes to the test.The COVID-19 pandemic in particular has cast significant impacts on the international order,and the disparities between countries in their response to the pandemic will affect international power dynamics and the building of a new world order.展开更多
This paper studies the random internal wave equations describing the density interface displacements and the velocity potentials of N-layer stratified fluid contained between two rigid walls at the top and bottom. The...This paper studies the random internal wave equations describing the density interface displacements and the velocity potentials of N-layer stratified fluid contained between two rigid walls at the top and bottom. The density interface displacements and the velocity potentials were solved to the second-order by an expansion approach used by Longuet-Higgins （1963） and Dean （1979） in the study of random surface waves and by Song （2004） in the study of second- order random wave solutions for internal waves in a two-layer fluid. The obtained results indicate that the first-order solutions are a linear superposition of many wave components with different amplitudes, wave numbers and frequencies, and that the amplitudes of first-order wave components with the same wave numbers and frequencies between the adjacent density interfaces are modulated by each other. They also show that the second-order solutions consist of two parts： the first one is the first-order solutions, and the second one is the solutions of the second-order asymptotic equations, which describe the second-order nonlinear modification and the second-order wave-wave interactions not only among the wave components on same density interfaces but also among the wave components between the adjacent density interfaces. Both the first-order and second-order solutions depend on the density and depth of each layer. It is also deduced that the results of the present work include those derived by Song （2004） for second-order random wave solutions for internal waves in a two-layer fluid as a particular case.展开更多
Interracial internal waves in a three-layer density-stratified fluid are investigated using a singular perturbation method, and third-order asymptotic solutions of the velocity potentials and third-order Stokes wave s...Interracial internal waves in a three-layer density-stratified fluid are investigated using a singular perturbation method, and third-order asymptotic solutions of the velocity potentials and third-order Stokes wave solutions of the associated elevations of the interfacial waves are presented based on the small amplitude wave theory. As expected, the third-order solutions describe the third-order nonlinear modification and the third-order nonlinear interactions between the interracial waves. The wave velocity depends on not only the wave number and the depth of each layer but also on the wave amplitude.展开更多
Chinese scholars have tended to define the struggle of developing countries for the establishment of a new international economic order as a claim for ＂special and differential treatment.＂ However, the rise of newly...Chinese scholars have tended to define the struggle of developing countries for the establishment of a new international economic order as a claim for ＂special and differential treatment.＂ However, the rise of newly emerging countries in recent years has narrowed the gap between them and the developed economic powers. Consequently, China and other newly emerging countries have begun to seek ＂equal and undifferentiated treatment＂ from the developed world. The opening of this new path may indicat~ a resurgence of the developing countries＇ struggle to establish a new international economic order, a struggle that has ebbed since the 1980s. Therefore, in pursuing their traditional research approaches, Chinese scholars should pay more attention to the significance of opening a new path to China＇s peaceful development, so as to gain a more complete and accurate understanding of the basic situation China finds itself in as it participates in the struggle for a fairer international economic order.展开更多
This paper analyzes the emergence of new powers on the international scene and its relationship with natural resources. Divided into three parts, the paper first discusses the changes in the concept of natural resourc...This paper analyzes the emergence of new powers on the international scene and its relationship with natural resources. Divided into three parts, the paper first discusses the changes in the concept of natural resource. Then, the reasons that led to increased demand for them, and the consequences it generates. Finally, the text discusses possibilities of cooperation between emerging countries in search of new technologies, which should be based on renewable resources to change the present situation of unequal access and use natural resources in the world.展开更多
The accusation that China is seeking to overhaul the current international order is often lobbied by Western nations in their attempts at provocationand containment. But is China really fomenting such a change？ The r...The accusation that China is seeking to overhaul the current international order is often lobbied by Western nations in their attempts at provocationand containment. But is China really fomenting such a change？ The remarks of Chinese President Xi Jinping on numerous international occasions suggest not. China is in fact a beneficiary of the current international system, and the process of reform and opening up continues to adapt China＇s domestic conditions to better fit this global order.展开更多
文摘In recent years,some countries have advocated a“rules-based international order.”However,they have not explicitly defined the“rules”here as“international law”and thereupon elaborated on their view of the rules for the international order.In fact,a series of legal practices implemented by these countries indicate that what they pursue is largely a view of rules that prioritizes domestic law over international law and regional international law over universal international law,and that politicizes international law.This view of rules undermines the role of international law in the international order and violates the requirements of the times for improving global governance and promoting the establishment of a more just and reasonable international order.To correct the view of rules pursued by these countries through the advocacy of a“rules-based international order,”China proposes an“international law-based international order.”The view of rules embodied in the“international law-based international order”recognizes that international law based and centered on the UN Charter is the authoritative system of rules governing international relations,while not excluding the role in the international order of other rules that do not violate international law.
文摘This article ties in with the research on an emerging ＂China model＂ as an alternative to conceptions of political order introduced and promoted by the ＂West＂. While the term ＂China model＂ will remain of enormous political importance and is in need of further research, the emergence of a ＂one size fits all＂ model of Chinese policy making is rather unlikely. Instead of searching for such a model, social scientific research should analyze whether and how the fragmented Chinese polity is being impacted by such unitary ＂ideas＂ of a Chinese political order and vice versa.
文摘The appearance of nuclear weapons has posed unprecedented threats of war to mankind. With joint efforts of the international community, a series of international norms and arrangements have been gradually established, mainly involving nuclear disarmament and nuclear arms control, prohibition of the use of nuclear weapons, as well as non-proliferation of nuclear arms, effectively influencing nuclear activities among sovereign states, warding off the outbreak of nuclear war, and limiting the number of nuclear states. Since the beginning of the 21 st century, the international strategic environment has undergone major changes. Mankind has entered a new age when nuclear and missile technologies have been proliferated in an accelerated way, with Iran's nuclear capability steadily growing, the DPRK obtaining nuclear weapons by successfully breaching the international nuclear non-proliferation regime, and non-state actors becoming the major subjects to proliferate nuclear technology and nuclear materials. Since coming into office, Trump has thoroughly negated the policy proposition of a nuclear-free world advocated by Obama, insisting on building a powerful missile defense system, developing new forms of strategic weapons, producing low-yield nuclear warheads, and withdrawing from the Iranian nuclear agreement.Trump's policy adjustment has much weakened the nuclear taboo and the nuclear non-proliferation regime, and has initiated a new round in the race toward cutting edge nuclear weapons technology, thus undermining strategic stability among major powers, all highlighting historic limitations of the international nuclear order.
文摘The international order is built on the principles of sovereign equality,national interests,great powers and respect for human rights among others.International rivalry and cooperation have existed side by side over the past few centuries,while the foundations of an international order have solidified.We are now seeing a transition in the international order that requires new innovative ways of thinking.China is seen as the key driver of these changes because of its unique status,pattern of growth and future potential.China should embrace this historic opportunity and take on its obligations to contribute to the birth of a new modern international order.
文摘The ongoing U. S. -Iraq war is the focus of various governments, peoples and media of the world. Analyses can be made from different angles. I want to discuss the influence of the U. S. -Iraq war on current and future world system and international system. The U. S. -Iraq war is not a war in a traditional sense, but the first comprehensive war in the new century, involving military, political,
文摘The 20th century is a century when both intra-national order and internationalorder were frequently changing. The struggles have never stopped focusingon setting order. Today with the East-west cold war over for 10 years, there arestill strong appeals for peace and stability, and demands for establishing a newinternational order. The War on Kosovo in the end of the 20th century is a sig-nificant attempt from the U. S. and other major Western powers to set up a newworld order without caring whether by means of force or even of war. This
文摘The global security situation in 2018 continued with its recent years of complexity and volatility,with its order and rules challenged by the prevailing unilateralism and trade protectionism,the emerging nationalism and populism,the resurgent power politics and authoritarianism,theintensified competition in geopolitical and other new areas,and the incessant regional turmoil and conflicts.
文摘The international situation is evolving more impressively than it has at any time since the end of the Cold War. Globalization has been in decline. Nations are scrambling to gain greater influence. The intemational strategic pattern is being adjusted. Many countries have problems with public management, and are faced with a new array of social trends and increasingly popular movements. The world is entering a new era full of chaos and anxiety. Mankind once again faces significant trade-offs and choices in peace and conflict, development and recession, openness and isolation, liberalism and conservatism. China strives to advocate win-win cooperation and lead the trend of reform and opening to maintain a favorable external environment despite world chaos, and enhance status and institutional fights in the international system. China＇s 30 years of development was successful in the process of integrating into the existing international system; China is a participant as well as a builder of the international system, rather than a challenger or a subversive. In the future, with a constructive attitude, China will promote the international system in a more reasonable direction together with international partners, in order to better safeguard world peace and security, and promote sustainable development throughout the world.
文摘Three recent crises,namely the 2008 financial crisis,rising populism and the COVID-19 pandemic,have revealed inherent defects within the liberal international system,the shaky international power structure bemired in major power competition,the crumbling post-Cold War world order and a misty future for international politics.Together,institutions,power structures and states are determining the direction of a new international order;with all three variables holding multiple possibilities,the future is far from certain.The shift from old to new world orders usually takes several decades,with the transitional period being the most turbulent and disorderly.Major events can accelerate,precipitate or put these changes to the test.The COVID-19 pandemic in particular has cast significant impacts on the international order,and the disparities between countries in their response to the pandemic will affect international power dynamics and the building of a new world order.
基金Project supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars （Grant No 40425015）, the Cooperative Project of Chinese Academy Sciences and the China National 0ffshore oil Corporation （＂Behaviours of internal waves and their roles on the marine structures＂） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No10461005）.
文摘This paper studies the random internal wave equations describing the density interface displacements and the velocity potentials of N-layer stratified fluid contained between two rigid walls at the top and bottom. The density interface displacements and the velocity potentials were solved to the second-order by an expansion approach used by Longuet-Higgins （1963） and Dean （1979） in the study of random surface waves and by Song （2004） in the study of second- order random wave solutions for internal waves in a two-layer fluid. The obtained results indicate that the first-order solutions are a linear superposition of many wave components with different amplitudes, wave numbers and frequencies, and that the amplitudes of first-order wave components with the same wave numbers and frequencies between the adjacent density interfaces are modulated by each other. They also show that the second-order solutions consist of two parts： the first one is the first-order solutions, and the second one is the solutions of the second-order asymptotic equations, which describe the second-order nonlinear modification and the second-order wave-wave interactions not only among the wave components on same density interfaces but also among the wave components between the adjacent density interfaces. Both the first-order and second-order solutions depend on the density and depth of each layer. It is also deduced that the results of the present work include those derived by Song （2004） for second-order random wave solutions for internal waves in a two-layer fluid as a particular case.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia,China(Grant No 200711020116)Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No KLOCAW0805)+1 种基金the Key Program of the Scientific Research Plan of Inner Mongolia University of Technology,China(Grant No ZD200608)National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(Grant No 40425015)
文摘Interracial internal waves in a three-layer density-stratified fluid are investigated using a singular perturbation method, and third-order asymptotic solutions of the velocity potentials and third-order Stokes wave solutions of the associated elevations of the interfacial waves are presented based on the small amplitude wave theory. As expected, the third-order solutions describe the third-order nonlinear modification and the third-order nonlinear interactions between the interracial waves. The wave velocity depends on not only the wave number and the depth of each layer but also on the wave amplitude.
基金a phased result of the key philosophy and social science research project of the Ministry of Education in 2009 "Research on the Reconstruction of International Economic Order after the Global Financial Crisis and Legal Countermeasures China Should Take" presided over by the author(Project No.:09JZD0021)
文摘Chinese scholars have tended to define the struggle of developing countries for the establishment of a new international economic order as a claim for ＂special and differential treatment.＂ However, the rise of newly emerging countries in recent years has narrowed the gap between them and the developed economic powers. Consequently, China and other newly emerging countries have begun to seek ＂equal and undifferentiated treatment＂ from the developed world. The opening of this new path may indicat~ a resurgence of the developing countries＇ struggle to establish a new international economic order, a struggle that has ebbed since the 1980s. Therefore, in pursuing their traditional research approaches, Chinese scholars should pay more attention to the significance of opening a new path to China＇s peaceful development, so as to gain a more complete and accurate understanding of the basic situation China finds itself in as it participates in the struggle for a fairer international economic order.
文摘This paper analyzes the emergence of new powers on the international scene and its relationship with natural resources. Divided into three parts, the paper first discusses the changes in the concept of natural resource. Then, the reasons that led to increased demand for them, and the consequences it generates. Finally, the text discusses possibilities of cooperation between emerging countries in search of new technologies, which should be based on renewable resources to change the present situation of unequal access and use natural resources in the world.
文摘The accusation that China is seeking to overhaul the current international order is often lobbied by Western nations in their attempts at provocationand containment. But is China really fomenting such a change？ The remarks of Chinese President Xi Jinping on numerous international occasions suggest not. China is in fact a beneficiary of the current international system, and the process of reform and opening up continues to adapt China＇s domestic conditions to better fit this global order.
