New food sources and production systems:a comparison of international regulations and China’s advancements in novel foods with synthetic biology

The global shift towards sustainable food systems has sparked innovations in food sources and production systems,including cell-based meat,plant-based food products,precision fermentation,and 3D food printing.These advancements pose regulatory challenges and opportunities,with China emerging as a critical player in adopting and regulating new food technologies.This review explores the international landscape of new food sources and production systems(NFPS),focusing on China’s role and regulatory approaches compared to global practices.Through this comparative analysis,we aim to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on food safety regulation,offering insights and recommendations for policymakers,industry stakeholders,and researchers engaged in the global food system’s evolution.This comprehensive overview underscores the dynamic nature of regulatory frameworks governing NFPS,highlighting the international efforts to ensure food safety,consumer protection,and the sustainable evolution of the food industry.

Regulations for the Manufacture and Control of Live Poliovirus Vaccine: International Experience and China’s Path

The eradication of poliomyelitis is a landmark achievement in the history of public health, providing strong protection for children’s health. The introduction of the Chinese Regulations for the Manufacture and Control of Live Poliovirus Vaccine is a prerequisite and safeguard for the large-scale production and use of domestically produced live poliovirus vaccines, serving as an indispensable component of vaccine safety. This article, based on archival documents, letters, collections of essays, and oral interviews, examines the historical experience of the development of Chinese Regulations for the Manufacture and Control of Live Poliovirus Vaccine. It contends that the emphasis on localization and the active engagement in international cooperation are critical factors in the swift introduction of Chinese Regulations for the Manufacture and Control of Live Poliovirus Vaccine.

Event-triggered robust cooperative output regulation for a class of linear multi-agent systems with an unknown exosystem

This paper investigates the robust cooperative output regulation problem for a class of heterogeneousuncertain linear multi-agent systems with an unknown exosystem via event-triggered control (ETC). By utilizingthe internal model approach and the adaptive control technique, a distributed adaptive internal model isconstructed for each agent. Then, based on this internal model, a fully distributed ETC strategy composed ofa distributed event-triggered adaptive output feedback control law and a distributed dynamic event-triggeringmechanism is proposed, in which each agent updates its control input at its own triggering time instants. It isshown that under the proposed ETC strategy, the robust cooperative output regulation problem can be solvedwithout requiring either the global information associated with the communication topology or the bounds ofthe uncertain or unknown parameters in each agent and the exosystem. A numerical example is provided toillustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

Effects of Medium Regulation by Wastes on Insect Community at Tianjin Binhai International Airport

This study was conducted to explore the effects of medium regulation on insect community.Sludge compost,waste crumb rubber and fly ash were added in soil at the Tianjin Binhai International Airport.By sampling method,insect community and diversity were surveyed in Tianjin Binhai International Airport.The results showed that a total of 1288 insects were collected,belonging to 8 orders,17 families and 21 species,with Orthoptera,Coleoptera and Diptera as the dominant groups.The species and individual numbers of insects showed the same trend with the order of sludge control fly ash crumb rubber.Compared with the control area,the individual number and species of insects in the crumb rubber area decreased by 41.3%and 38.9%,respectively.Moreover,the species richness and diversity of insects in the crumb rubber area were the lowest,1.39 and 0.46 lower than that of the control area,respectively,indicating that crumb rubber can effectively reduce the number and the diversity of insects at the airport.

The impact of environmental regulations on international competitiveness of textile industry in China

A greater focus of environmental protection is directed toward environmental regulations in China. This paper focuses on environmental regulations and their impact on textile industry. The academic circle does not reach a consensus on the relationship between environmental regulations and international competitiveness. Some hold the view that environmental regulations lower international competitiveness while others think that environmental regulations improve both environment and economic performance. This paper aims to analyze the impact of the environmental regulations on the international competitiveness of textile industry in China. This study starts with theories relative to this subject; the second part, based on the impact mechanism of environmental regulations on competitiveness, analyzes the environmental impact on textile from the perspective of cost and market. The conceptual exploration comes to the conclusion that environmental regulations make a negative impact on the international competitiveness on the cost side and improve it by means ofinnovation and product differentiation on market side; the third part gives time series evidence to examine the impact. In this part the Pearson Correlation Analysis is conducted based on the data of China's textile industry of the period from 1991 to 2005. It turns out to prove that the negative environmental impact on cost side exceeds the positive environmental impact on market side, namely, environmental regulations deteriorate the international competitiveness in textile industry as a whole during the inspected period.

International Comparative Study on Education Laws of the Persons with Disabilities: An Observation on Regulations on the Education of Persons with Disabilities

The issue of education for people with disabilities has become of increasing concern. How can we effectively guarantee the basic right to education for persons with disabilities? Will the revised Regulation on Education for Persons with Disabilities meet their needs? This article takes the Regulation on Education for Persons with Disabilities as the core and compares it with the related special educational laws of the United States, Britain and Japan. The following conclusions were drawn from this study: In terms of educational concept, the three countries follow the concept of inclusive education, and pursue equity and educational justice. They not only pay attention to inclusive education but also focus on improving the quality of education for students with disabilities. All three countries focus on accommodating children with special needs, but each implements its programs in a different way. These practices can be used as reference for the development of a special needs education law in China.

Land Demand and Land Use Regulation for the Building of International Tourist Island in Hainan Province

We conduct analysis on the urban construction's demand for land, tourism's demand for land, infant industry's demand for land and infrastructure's demand for land in Hainan Province, respectively, and forecast the amount of newly-added land in Hainan Province in 2015 compared to 2008. Based on regional characteristics, we analyze the main problems in land use in Hainan Province, and work out the regional land use regulation plan, to provide scientific guidance for the building of International tourist island in Hainan Province.

International government regulatory experience of building energy-saving: A survey

Government regulation on building energy saving starts earlier in America, Holland, Japan and other developed countries, and has accumulated wealthy experience which is worth reference for China. According to practical work of building energy efficiency in China, the government regulation should to be divided into two stages: recent advance and forward continued promotion of industry. In short term, we should cultivate and improve energy efficiency market as the main task by means of enhancing awareness of energy conservation, accelerating heating system reform, implementing effective encouraging policy and setting up building energy efficiency sign system and etc. While in long term, we should put emphasis on upgrading and development of building energy efficiency industry by ways of improving standard and norm system, constructing technological guarantee system and forming socialized cooperation system and etc.

GPCR/endocytosis/ERK signaling/S2R is involved in the regulation of the internalization,mitochondria-targeting and-activating properties of human salivary histatin 1

Human salivary histatin 1(Hst1)exhibits a series of cell-activating properties,such as promoting cell spreading,migration,and metabolic activity.We recently have shown that fluorescently labeled Hst1(F-Hst1)targets and activates mitochondria,presenting an important molecular mechanism.However,its regulating signaling pathways remain to be elucidated.We investigated the influence of specific inhibitors of G protein-coupled receptors(GPCR),endocytosis pathways,extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2(ERK1/2)signaling,p38 signaling,mitochondrial respiration and Na+/K+-ATPase activity on the uptake,mitochondria-targeting and-activating properties of F-Hst1.We performed a si RNA knockdown(KD)to assess the effect of Sigma-2 receptor(S2R)/Transmembrane Protein 97(TMEM97)—a recently identified target protein of Hst1.We also adopted live cell imaging to monitor the whole intracellular trafficking process of F-Hst1.Our results showed that the inhibition of cellular respiration hindered the internalization of F-Hst1.The inhibitors of GPCR,ERK1/2,phagocytosis,and clathrin-mediated endocytosis(CME)as well as siRNA KD of S2R/TMEM97 significantly reduced the uptake,which was accompanied by the nullification of the promoting effect of F-Hst1 on cell metabolic activity.Only the inhibitor of CME and KD of S2R/TMEM97 significantly compromised the mitochondria-targeting of Hst1.We further showed the intracellular trafficking and targeting process of F-Hst1,in which early endosome plays an important role.Overall,phagocytosis,CME,GPCR,ERK signaling,and S2R/TMEM97 are involved in the internalization of Hst1,while only CME and S2R/TMEM97 are critical for its subcellular targeting.The inhibition of either internalization or mitochondria-targeting of Hst1 could significantly compromise its mitochondria-activating property.

Post-transcriptional regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor: Implications for tumor angiogenesis

Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） is a potent secreted mitogen critical for physiologic and tumor angiogenesis. Regulation of VEGF occurs at several levels, including transcription, mRNA stabilization, translation, and differential cellular localization of various isoforms. Recent advances in our understanding of post-transcriptional regulation of VEGF include identification of the stabilizing mRNA binding protein, HuR, and the discovery of internal ribosomal entry sites in the 5＇UTR of the VEGF mRNA. Monoclonal anti-VEGF antibody was recently approved for use in humans, but suffers from the need for high systemic doses. RNA interference （RNAi） technology is being used in vitro and in animal models with promising results. Here, we review the literature on post-transcriptional regulation of VEGF and describe recent progress in targeting these mechanisms for therapeutic benefit.

Distributed Robust Containment Control of Linear Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Systems:An Output Regulation Approach

In this paper,we consider the robust output containment problem of linear heterogeneous multi-agent systems under fixed directed networks.A distributed dynamic observer based on the leaders’measurable output was designed to estimate a convex combination of the leaders’states.First,for the case of followers with identical state dimensions,distributed dynamic state and output feedback control laws were designed based on the state-coupled item and the internal model compensator to drive the uncertain followers into the leaders’convex hull within the output regulation framework.Subsequently,we extended theoretical results to the case where followers have nonidentical state dimensions.By establishing virtual errors between the dynamic observer and followers,a new distributed dynamic output feedback control law was constructed using only the states of the compensator to solve the robust output containment problem.Finally,two numerical simulations verified the effectiveness of the designed schemes.

The Development of Accounting Regulation in Extractive Industries in Australia, South Africa and Canada

In view of the economic significance of extractive industries, the special accounting issues raised, and the numerous calls over many years for standardization, there has been less regulation of their accounting than as expected. The development of accounting regulations and practices in the extractive industries in 3 countries is reviewed, which are Australia, South Africa and Canada.

Navigating the Development of International Tax Regulation in Indonesia

The area of international taxation is constantly evolving due to factors including globalisation,technological advancements,and the economy’s increasing digitalisation.In recent times,there has been an increased focus on addressing tax avoidance,promoting tax justice,and addressing tax issues resulting from the digitalisation of the economy.One of the most significant developments in international taxation in recent years was the BEPS Action Plan and the Two-Pillar Solution framework proposed by the OECD and G20 on BEPS.Indonesia released Government Regulation No.55/2022,which includes regulations on international tax matters,among other things,in response to the globalisation of international taxation.Apart from that,Indonesia is considering applying Amount B as a rule or safe harbour provision because of the dynamics surrounding international tax.Overall,a strong correlation exists between the transformation of international taxation worldwide and the shifts in Indonesia’s international field.

数字规制的场景、困境与进路:作为法治场域的元宇宙

元宇宙是数字规制的新场景,相关参与场景和产品应用的广泛性决定了元宇宙风险丛生、亟待治理。元宇宙治理面临伦理治理困境,具体体现在主体性、算法正义、数据伦理等方面,这些也是数字规制的难题,在人工智能等运用场景也有显现。由于技术基础设施发展、传统法律监管滞后、数字货币监管缺位等客观情况,元宇宙法律监管也面临挑战,针对元宇宙的治理困境进行规则设计具有必要性。设计进路方面,元宇宙治理的相关规则应当以元宇宙的技术特征为底座,以算法和数据规制为抓手,以国际法与国内法的互动为方案,在国内法治、涉外法治和国际法治等不同层面确保元宇宙治理规则的宽覆盖、高效力与体系化。数字规制在确保实现人的价值的同时,需要推动数字经济和数字法治的发展。

可能与现实:元宇宙技术下的网络隔空性侵问题研究

元宇宙相关技术中特别是脑机接口技术的爆发式发展,使得各种网络隔空性侵行为特别是网络性交行为成为现实可能。网络隔空性侵行为的构成要素主要是行为工具(“网络社交平台类”和“远程情趣设备+网络平台”类)、性接触程度(五级)和行为类型(五类)。目前现行刑法对网络隔空性侵行为只能以猥亵类犯罪规制,无法适用强奸罪和负有照护职责人员性侵罪。反思现行刑法对性侵犯罪的规制体系,提出以“性器插入—被插入中心论”的观点来划分性交行为和猥亵行为的界限,建议扩大强奸罪和负有照护职责人员性侵罪的行为对象范围,改强奸罪为强制性交罪。通过构建新的性侵犯罪刑法规制体系,以应对元宇宙技术下各种复杂的网络隔空性侵行为的出现,并以此为契机推动性侵犯罪国际标准的构建。

基于改进快速行进平方法的无人帆船动态避碰方法

[目的]为解决无人帆船在开阔水域的多船避碰问题,对基于改进快速行进平方(IFMS)法的局部动态避碰算法进行研究。[方法]考虑到帆船的速度不可控,将其避碰行为转化为航向控制问题,并以总势场梯度下降方向为期望避碰航向。当帆船没有碰撞危险或顺风航行时,仅通过构造时间势场来避开所有静止不规则障碍并到达目标点;而当帆船存在航行约束时,根据《国际海上避碰规则》(COLREGS)为特定会遇场景设计高斯似然函数用以动态地构建障碍势场。同时,考虑到帆船的航行死区,引入局部风势场,实现帆船动态避碰与“之”字形航行策略相结合的应用需求。[结果]结果显示,所提算法可以使无人帆船在遵守避碰规则和避免航行死区的同时,成功地在各种会遇场景下实现与其他帆船、受限机动船的避碰操作,相比原始快速行进平方(FMS)算法,逆风航行时间大大缩短,避碰航迹也更加合理、安全。[结论]所提方法符合帆船运动特性及避碰规则,在复杂环境下具有较高的安全性和鲁棒性,对无人帆船自主避障技术发展具有一定的科学价值。

Glucose-regulated protein 78 inhibits scavenger receptor A-mediated internalization of acetylated low density lipoprotein

Class A scavenger receptor(SR-A) plays an important role in foam cell formation.However, the mechanism underlying the internalization of the receptor-ligand complexes remains unclear.The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanism to regulate SR-A-mediated intracellular lipid accumulation in macrophages A pull-clown assay was performed and glucoseregulated protein 78(GRP78) was identified to bind with the cytoplasmic domain of SR-A(CSR-A).Immunoprecipitation and artificially expressed protein binding assay demonstrated the direct specific binding of GRP78 with SR-A in cells.Indirect immunofluorescence assay and western blot analysis showed their co-localization in membrane and cytoplasm.Over-expression of GRP78 specifically inhibited SR-A-mediated uptake of fluorescent acetylated low-density lipoprotein, a specific ligand for SR-A, without altering cellular SR-A expression and binding ability, and significantly inhibited cholesterol ester accumulation in cells, which can be partly attributed to the suppression of c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase signaling pathway.These results suggest that GRP78 may act as an inhibitor of SR-A-mediated internalization of modified low-density lipoprotein into macrophages(C) 2009 Elsevier Inc.All rights reserved.

“三驾马车”和“三支柱”监管——美国保险业监管模式的实践与启示

美国保险业监管框架特点鲜明,其职能分工呈现各州、联邦政府、美国保险监督官协会“三驾马车”并行的特征。具体到保险监管操作上,美国保险业监管以公司治理、偿付能力和市场行为监管“三支柱”统筹协调保险业市场。美国各州的保险业监管规则差异较大,联邦与州的监管之间存在持续博弈,同时也展现出明显关注企业行为的趋势。对美国保险业监管现状展开分析研究,对我国保险业监管进一步增强统筹协调、开展多层协同、丰富监管层次具有借鉴意义。

海洋塑料污染国际法规制的推进及中国参与

日益严重的海洋塑料污染已发展成为全球面临的仅次于气候变化的第二大环境危机。目前,全球海洋塑料污染治理的国际法律框架体系尚未建立,海洋塑料污染治理的国际法规制主要散见于《巴塞尔公约》等国际法文件中,法律治理存在规则碎片化、遵守与实施困难等多重困境,而有约束力的全球协议制定进程刚刚开启。未来,海洋塑料污染的国际法规制需要从强化不同规制规则之间的协调、推进国际立法、完善履约保障机制等多个方面作出改善。中国作为塑料生产和消费大国需要在国际和国内两个层面积极应对。在国际层面,推动不同涉塑国际法规则之间的协调和涉塑国际立法进程、有效促进海洋塑料污染规制规则的遵守与实施;在国内层面,加强技术创新、健全各类涉塑制度和完善国内立法等。