Since the early twenty-first century,interaction between East Asia and the Middle East has grown considerably.An expected,though understudied,consequence of this development is a gradual spillover of the intra-East As...Since the early twenty-first century,interaction between East Asia and the Middle East has grown considerably.An expected,though understudied,consequence of this development is a gradual spillover of the intra-East Asian political process to the Middle East.Attempting to enhance the understanding of this understudied aspect of East-West Asia relations,as well as new aspects of the China-Japan dynamic,this article explores the competition and possible expansion of the Sino-Japanese rivalry into the Middle East.To examine more concretely we focus on two areas of activities that exceed China’s and Japan’s traditional interests in the Middle East:the utilisation of Middle East events by Japan to loosen its half-century restrictions on the use of military force,and China’s respective response;and Japan’s reaction to China’s Belt and Road Initiative.展开更多
This article focuses on the tension between the Islamic Middle East and the international community.After a brief study from the political,economic and cultural perspectives and a review of relevant documents and mate...This article focuses on the tension between the Islamic Middle East and the international community.After a brief study from the political,economic and cultural perspectives and a review of relevant documents and materials,the author has decided on the current research perspective.The sub-state actors in the Middle East mainly refer to religious and political organizations which can infiltrate into or influence this area or the international community,terrorist organizations of religious extremists,straddling groups and minority groups which seek independence or unification.Their major influence on the international community lies in their resistance against the present state weakens the nation state system in the Middle East and pushes anti-state/system movements;their significant role imposes a deep impact on the peace process in the Middle East;they lead to external intervention from the international system and growing tension between the Middle East and the international community.The root of the above-mentioned tension is that the combined actions of internal and external factors have made the Middle East system vulnerable and infiltrable,creating the soil for the rise of religious and political organizations and thus inspiring the anti-system movements of the sub-state actors in the Middle East.展开更多
The strategic importance of the Middle East oil in China’s energy security had been and will continue to be prominent.China has been cultivating bilateral relationships with the Middle East oil-producing countries ov...The strategic importance of the Middle East oil in China’s energy security had been and will continue to be prominent.China has been cultivating bilateral relationships with the Middle East oil-producing countries over the last decade.China’s energy pursuits in the Middle East have led to tensions in Sino-US relations and may also pose effect upon the American energy and security interests in the region.China should,with an aim to ensure its energy security and further boost its relations with the Middle East,make some necessary readjustments of its policies toward the Middle East and Africa while adhering to its established principles.展开更多
The international system is at a historical moment of renewal.As the unipolar order declines,various forces are rising,among which China has already become an important force in constructing a new world order.Quiet bu...The international system is at a historical moment of renewal.As the unipolar order declines,various forces are rising,among which China has already become an important force in constructing a new world order.Quiet but revolutionary changes have occurred in China's diplomatic philosophy and practices as the country becomes more deeply ingrained into the international system.Under the background of great changes,the political situation in the Middle East has also quietly changed..With the weakening of the impact of external forces,many new energies in this region are coming to life.The future development of relations between European and United States powers,and their policy changes will bring a far-reaching impact on the political situation in the Middle East.China's diplomacy in the Middle East will become more active and aggressive.Meanwhile,China will concentrate more on the multi-lateral cooperation and its co-ordination with Europe and United States.展开更多
China and the Arab countries enjoy a long history of friendly exchanges.During the Cold War period,significant accomplishments were achieved in their bilateral political cooperation.Recent years have witnessed the gre...China and the Arab countries enjoy a long history of friendly exchanges.During the Cold War period,significant accomplishments were achieved in their bilateral political cooperation.Recent years have witnessed the great success of comprehensive cooperation toward mutual benefits within the framework of the China-Arab Cooperation Forum.However,the turbulence in the Middle East and the U.S.Greater Middle East Initiative have emerged as a new challenge to the future development of bilateral relations.Yet China’s Middle East policy has not remained stagnant;its prompt readjustments have brought momentum to the healthy development of Sino-Arab bilateral relations.展开更多
This study examined the impact of China’s firm position on the Palestinian issue on the embodiment of international multilateralism and strived to embody international multilateralism.And to clarify this effect,it is...This study examined the impact of China’s firm position on the Palestinian issue on the embodiment of international multilateralism and strived to embody international multilateralism.And to clarify this effect,it is necessary first to highlight the depth of Chinese-Arab relations and common concern,such as China’s consistent position on the Palestinian issue and its quest to embody international pluralism in order to find appropriate solutions to the Palestinian issue in accordance with international law,then to focus on China’s consistent foreign policy towards the Middle East to promote stability and development with the success of the BRI in the region,and thirdly,to shed light on China’s stance on strengthening and materialising international cooperation to find appropriate solutions for the Palestinian issue,and finally,to focus attention on China’s diplomatic efforts to solve the Palestinian issue’a political solution based on international cooperation to implement the resolutions of international legitimacy’.This study relies on the historical method by tracing the historical sequence of events to reach the results that serve the subject of the study,as well as the descriptive analytical method,which is used to analyse information and events related to the subject of the study.The study concluded that the impact of China’s firm position on the Palestinian issue on the embodiment of international multilateralism is effective.Moreover,this study is a forward-looking survey of other studies aimed at anticipating the continuing impact of China’s firm stance on the Palestinian issue on the embodiment of international multilateralism,as it demonstrates seriousness and perseverance under the theme of’respect,mutual benefit and common destiny’in light of the challenges witnessed in the world today.展开更多
Diabetes is increasing in epidemic proportions globally, exhibiting the most striking increase in third world countries with emerging economies. This phenomena is particularly evident in the Middle East and North Afri...Diabetes is increasing in epidemic proportions globally, exhibiting the most striking increase in third world countries with emerging economies. This phenomena is particularly evident in the Middle East and North Africa(MENA) region, which has the highest prevalence of diabetes in adults. The most concerning indirect cost of diabetes is the missed work by the adult population coupled with the economic burden of loss of productivity. The major drivers of this epidemic are the demographic changes with increased life expectancy and lifestyle changes due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. Our focus is to compare MENA region countries, particularly Egypt and Saudi Arabia, in terms of their economic development, labor force diversity and the prevalence of diabetes.展开更多
Why is China interested in the Middle East?What are China’s strategies to promote its interests in the Middle East?How influential is China in the region?Where do America’s and China’s interests converge and diverg...Why is China interested in the Middle East?What are China’s strategies to promote its interests in the Middle East?How influential is China in the region?Where do America’s and China’s interests converge and diverge in the Middle East?These are some important yet understudied issues.This paper examines Chinese diplomacy towards the Middle East since the early 1990s,with focus on China’s efforts in obtaining oil,and its fight against separatism and terrorism along its northwestern border.It explores how Chinese activities affect US interests and US-China relations.The paper argues that China’s policy towards the Middle East has primarily been driven by economic concerns so far.As its economic power continues to grow,China is expected to expand its political,diplomatic and cultural influence in the region.Despite their differences on issues such as how to deal with Iran,the United States and China have many common interests in the Middle East such as safeguarding energy security,promoting peace,and combating terrorism.展开更多
The interaction between China and the Middle East on the issue of arms transfer and non-proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction(WMD)has elicited great concern since the 1980s.It was also during this period that C...The interaction between China and the Middle East on the issue of arms transfer and non-proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction(WMD)has elicited great concern since the 1980s.It was also during this period that China was accused,primarily by the US,of being involved in WMD-related transfers to the Middle East.The paper examines China’s changing attitudes towards major international non-proliferation regimes and cases of US allegations of China’s exports of WMDs to the Middle East.It argues that China’s stance on abiding by the WMD regimes in the Middle East has been consistent with the principles of diplomacy which emphasizes peace and the pursuit of its good image as a responsible great power.China abides by the international WMD regimes and is seeking more cooperation in non-proliferation with other countries,and its efforts deserve acknowledgement.展开更多
The order in international system is defined as“a pattern or activity that sustains the elementary or primary goals of the society of states”.The objective including the maintenance of the international system and n...The order in international system is defined as“a pattern or activity that sustains the elementary or primary goals of the society of states”.The objective including the maintenance of the international system and national survival of society itself is to safeguard national independence and sovereignty.The nature and practice of international hierarchy helps explain patterns of the international order after the Cold War and understand its transition,especially the role of China’s rise in international politics.The Asia-Pacific region has showed a stable political order generally,but events in the region still may lead to uncertainties of military conflict,such as the North Korean nuclear issue,the Taiwan question,terrorist attacks in the Middle East and Central Asia and so on.China’s rise will inevitably have an impact on US hegemony in the Asia-Pacific region.But China and the United States can work together to build an effective mechanism to address the challenges from regional security issues,to set up the sustainability of Asia-Pacific and the Middle East security decisions.This paper analyzes the concept of Sino-US Asia-Pacific and the Middle East strategic alternatives from maintaining the status quo;transition from the status quo must go through negotiation and dialogue to the transition of Asia-Pacific and the Middle East power structure.展开更多
In recent years,some kind of apparent change appears on Russia’s Middle East strategy,which is being converted from passive contraction to vigorous and initiative posture,with the potent feature of self-centered dete...In recent years,some kind of apparent change appears on Russia’s Middle East strategy,which is being converted from passive contraction to vigorous and initiative posture,with the potent feature of self-centered determination independent from outside world,and a tendency of initiating challenges.On some significant issues of Middle East,Russia openly demonstrates its disagreement with the US,and criticizes US Middle East Policy.As a matter of fact,Russia is now taking more and more active and initiative actions in the Middle East,so as to expand its influence in the Middle East,and challenge the leading role of US in this region.There are both economic elements and political factors shaping all the modifications and adjustments made by Russia on its Middle East strategy,which was figured out against a subtle and complex background.In the future,it is predicted that Russia will demonstrate more and more unique characteristics on Middle East affairs.Therefore,it seems that the US must pay more attention to the attitude and interest of Russia on Middle East affairs,and that a mixed spectrum between competition and cooperation will become the mainstream of Russia-US relations.展开更多
文摘Since the early twenty-first century,interaction between East Asia and the Middle East has grown considerably.An expected,though understudied,consequence of this development is a gradual spillover of the intra-East Asian political process to the Middle East.Attempting to enhance the understanding of this understudied aspect of East-West Asia relations,as well as new aspects of the China-Japan dynamic,this article explores the competition and possible expansion of the Sino-Japanese rivalry into the Middle East.To examine more concretely we focus on two areas of activities that exceed China’s and Japan’s traditional interests in the Middle East:the utilisation of Middle East events by Japan to loosen its half-century restrictions on the use of military force,and China’s respective response;and Japan’s reaction to China’s Belt and Road Initiative.
文摘This article focuses on the tension between the Islamic Middle East and the international community.After a brief study from the political,economic and cultural perspectives and a review of relevant documents and materials,the author has decided on the current research perspective.The sub-state actors in the Middle East mainly refer to religious and political organizations which can infiltrate into or influence this area or the international community,terrorist organizations of religious extremists,straddling groups and minority groups which seek independence or unification.Their major influence on the international community lies in their resistance against the present state weakens the nation state system in the Middle East and pushes anti-state/system movements;their significant role imposes a deep impact on the peace process in the Middle East;they lead to external intervention from the international system and growing tension between the Middle East and the international community.The root of the above-mentioned tension is that the combined actions of internal and external factors have made the Middle East system vulnerable and infiltrable,creating the soil for the rise of religious and political organizations and thus inspiring the anti-system movements of the sub-state actors in the Middle East.
文摘The strategic importance of the Middle East oil in China’s energy security had been and will continue to be prominent.China has been cultivating bilateral relationships with the Middle East oil-producing countries over the last decade.China’s energy pursuits in the Middle East have led to tensions in Sino-US relations and may also pose effect upon the American energy and security interests in the region.China should,with an aim to ensure its energy security and further boost its relations with the Middle East,make some necessary readjustments of its policies toward the Middle East and Africa while adhering to its established principles.
文摘The international system is at a historical moment of renewal.As the unipolar order declines,various forces are rising,among which China has already become an important force in constructing a new world order.Quiet but revolutionary changes have occurred in China's diplomatic philosophy and practices as the country becomes more deeply ingrained into the international system.Under the background of great changes,the political situation in the Middle East has also quietly changed..With the weakening of the impact of external forces,many new energies in this region are coming to life.The future development of relations between European and United States powers,and their policy changes will bring a far-reaching impact on the political situation in the Middle East.China's diplomacy in the Middle East will become more active and aggressive.Meanwhile,China will concentrate more on the multi-lateral cooperation and its co-ordination with Europe and United States.
文摘China and the Arab countries enjoy a long history of friendly exchanges.During the Cold War period,significant accomplishments were achieved in their bilateral political cooperation.Recent years have witnessed the great success of comprehensive cooperation toward mutual benefits within the framework of the China-Arab Cooperation Forum.However,the turbulence in the Middle East and the U.S.Greater Middle East Initiative have emerged as a new challenge to the future development of bilateral relations.Yet China’s Middle East policy has not remained stagnant;its prompt readjustments have brought momentum to the healthy development of Sino-Arab bilateral relations.
文摘This study examined the impact of China’s firm position on the Palestinian issue on the embodiment of international multilateralism and strived to embody international multilateralism.And to clarify this effect,it is necessary first to highlight the depth of Chinese-Arab relations and common concern,such as China’s consistent position on the Palestinian issue and its quest to embody international pluralism in order to find appropriate solutions to the Palestinian issue in accordance with international law,then to focus on China’s consistent foreign policy towards the Middle East to promote stability and development with the success of the BRI in the region,and thirdly,to shed light on China’s stance on strengthening and materialising international cooperation to find appropriate solutions for the Palestinian issue,and finally,to focus attention on China’s diplomatic efforts to solve the Palestinian issue’a political solution based on international cooperation to implement the resolutions of international legitimacy’.This study relies on the historical method by tracing the historical sequence of events to reach the results that serve the subject of the study,as well as the descriptive analytical method,which is used to analyse information and events related to the subject of the study.The study concluded that the impact of China’s firm position on the Palestinian issue on the embodiment of international multilateralism is effective.Moreover,this study is a forward-looking survey of other studies aimed at anticipating the continuing impact of China’s firm stance on the Palestinian issue on the embodiment of international multilateralism,as it demonstrates seriousness and perseverance under the theme of’respect,mutual benefit and common destiny’in light of the challenges witnessed in the world today.
文摘Diabetes is increasing in epidemic proportions globally, exhibiting the most striking increase in third world countries with emerging economies. This phenomena is particularly evident in the Middle East and North Africa(MENA) region, which has the highest prevalence of diabetes in adults. The most concerning indirect cost of diabetes is the missed work by the adult population coupled with the economic burden of loss of productivity. The major drivers of this epidemic are the demographic changes with increased life expectancy and lifestyle changes due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. Our focus is to compare MENA region countries, particularly Egypt and Saudi Arabia, in terms of their economic development, labor force diversity and the prevalence of diabetes.
文摘Why is China interested in the Middle East?What are China’s strategies to promote its interests in the Middle East?How influential is China in the region?Where do America’s and China’s interests converge and diverge in the Middle East?These are some important yet understudied issues.This paper examines Chinese diplomacy towards the Middle East since the early 1990s,with focus on China’s efforts in obtaining oil,and its fight against separatism and terrorism along its northwestern border.It explores how Chinese activities affect US interests and US-China relations.The paper argues that China’s policy towards the Middle East has primarily been driven by economic concerns so far.As its economic power continues to grow,China is expected to expand its political,diplomatic and cultural influence in the region.Despite their differences on issues such as how to deal with Iran,the United States and China have many common interests in the Middle East such as safeguarding energy security,promoting peace,and combating terrorism.
文摘The interaction between China and the Middle East on the issue of arms transfer and non-proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction(WMD)has elicited great concern since the 1980s.It was also during this period that China was accused,primarily by the US,of being involved in WMD-related transfers to the Middle East.The paper examines China’s changing attitudes towards major international non-proliferation regimes and cases of US allegations of China’s exports of WMDs to the Middle East.It argues that China’s stance on abiding by the WMD regimes in the Middle East has been consistent with the principles of diplomacy which emphasizes peace and the pursuit of its good image as a responsible great power.China abides by the international WMD regimes and is seeking more cooperation in non-proliferation with other countries,and its efforts deserve acknowledgement.
文摘The order in international system is defined as“a pattern or activity that sustains the elementary or primary goals of the society of states”.The objective including the maintenance of the international system and national survival of society itself is to safeguard national independence and sovereignty.The nature and practice of international hierarchy helps explain patterns of the international order after the Cold War and understand its transition,especially the role of China’s rise in international politics.The Asia-Pacific region has showed a stable political order generally,but events in the region still may lead to uncertainties of military conflict,such as the North Korean nuclear issue,the Taiwan question,terrorist attacks in the Middle East and Central Asia and so on.China’s rise will inevitably have an impact on US hegemony in the Asia-Pacific region.But China and the United States can work together to build an effective mechanism to address the challenges from regional security issues,to set up the sustainability of Asia-Pacific and the Middle East security decisions.This paper analyzes the concept of Sino-US Asia-Pacific and the Middle East strategic alternatives from maintaining the status quo;transition from the status quo must go through negotiation and dialogue to the transition of Asia-Pacific and the Middle East power structure.
基金supported by the funding of B702 of Shanghai’s Key Disciplines Development Program.
文摘In recent years,some kind of apparent change appears on Russia’s Middle East strategy,which is being converted from passive contraction to vigorous and initiative posture,with the potent feature of self-centered determination independent from outside world,and a tendency of initiating challenges.On some significant issues of Middle East,Russia openly demonstrates its disagreement with the US,and criticizes US Middle East Policy.As a matter of fact,Russia is now taking more and more active and initiative actions in the Middle East,so as to expand its influence in the Middle East,and challenge the leading role of US in this region.There are both economic elements and political factors shaping all the modifications and adjustments made by Russia on its Middle East strategy,which was figured out against a subtle and complex background.In the future,it is predicted that Russia will demonstrate more and more unique characteristics on Middle East affairs.Therefore,it seems that the US must pay more attention to the attitude and interest of Russia on Middle East affairs,and that a mixed spectrum between competition and cooperation will become the mainstream of Russia-US relations.
