A Scientometric Analysis and Critical Review of Internet Gaming Disorder Behaviours

There are increasing concerns about internet gaming disorder (IGD). No review of existing studies has systematicallyanalyzed and visualized the trends of IGD and those early identification of symptoms related to IGD behaviors.This critical review focuses on the emerging trends for early identification of symptoms related to IGDbehaviors in papers published in Web of Science Core Collection from 2009 to 2021 by scientometric analysisand critical review. Scientometric data analysis technique includes co-occurrence analysis, cluster analysis andburst analysis of authors, countries, keywords and co-citation to visualize those contributing and associated factorsto develop IGD behaviors and their relationships to mental-emotional symptoms. About 81.8% of the paperswere published in the following countries: United States, United Kingdom, Australia, China and South Korea. Thetop co-occurrence keywords were ‘children’, ‘depression’, ‘anxiety’ and ‘attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)’, ‘scale’, identifying the population, characteristics and commonly used assessment tools that are susceptibleto certain symptoms relating to IGD of which influencing factors facilitate the understanding of the associationof sociodemographic characteristics. The main emerging topics were identified in this critical review afterconducted the scientometric analysis. The results identified five topics: game impulse, motivation, evaluationscale, mediating effects and diagnostic criteria. This study provides an overview of the research trends on theidentity and development of the IGD field of study.

Decreased frontal lobe function in people with Internet addiction disorder

In our previous studies, we showed that frontal lobe and brainstem functions were abnormal in online game addicts. In this study, 14 students with Internet addiction disorder and 14 matched healthy controls underwent proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure cerebral function. Results demonstrated that the ratio of N-acetylaspartate to creatine decreased, but the ratio of cho- line-containing compounds to creatine increased in the bilateral frontal lobe white matter in people with Internet addiction disorder. However, these ratios were mostly unaltered in the brainstem, suggesting that frontal lobe function decreases in people with Internet addiction disorder.

Internet Gaming Disorder and Mental Health of Children in China:A Latent Profile Analysis

In recent years,speculation of an increase in Internet Gaming Disorder(IGD)has surfaced with the growing popularity of internet gaming among Chinese children and adolescents.The detrimental impact of IGD on mental health cannot be denied,even though only a small portion of the screen-dependent population exhibits psychopathological and behavioral symptoms.The present study aimed to explore a latent profile analysis(LPA)of Internet Gaming Disorder on the mental health of Chinese school students.The data were collected from a sample of 1005 Chinese school students(49.8%male;age M=13.32,SD=1.34 years)using a paper-pencil survey through convenience sampling.LPA explored three latent profiles of internet gamers:regular gamers(62.4%),moderate gamers(28.1%),and probable disordered gamers(9.4%).Results showed that the probable disordered gamers had significantly higher levels of depression,anxiety,emotional and conduct problems,hyperactivity,and peer problem symptoms as well as lower life satisfaction,and pro-social symptoms compared to regular and moderate gamers(p<0.05).This study would be helpful to mental health professionals in designing interventions for gamers who present IGD symptoms.Future longitudinal studies should also be undertaken to assess whether mental health worsens for probable disordered gamers.

Parental Psychological Control and Internet Gaming Disorder Tendency:A Moderated Mediation Model of Core Self-Evaluation and Intentional Self-Regulation

Internet gaming disorder(IGD)among junior high school students is an increasingly prominent mental health concern.It is important to look for influences behind internet gaming disorder tendency(IGDT)in the junior high school student population.The present study aimed to reveal the explanatory mechanisms underlying the association between parental psychological control(PPC)and internet gaming disorder tendency among junior high school students by testing the mediating role of core self-evaluation(CSE)and the moderating role of intentional self-regulation(ISR).Participants in present study were 735 Chinese junior high school students who completed offline self-report questionnaires on parental psychological control,core self-evaluation,intentional self-regulation,and Internet gaming disorder tendency.Analyses were conducted via mediation and moderated mediation.The results showed that:(1)Parental psychological control was positively related to junior high school students’Internet gaming disorder tendency.Core self-evaluation,and intentional self-regulation were negatively related to junior high school students’Internet gaming disorder tendency,respectively.(2)Core self-evaluation partially mediated the relationship between parental psychological control and junior high school students’Internet gaming disorder tendency.(3)Intentional self-regulation moderated the association between parental psychological control and Internet gaming disorder tendency,as well as the relationships between parental psychological control and core self-evaluation and core self-evaluation and Internet gaming disorder tendency in the mediated model.Based on these findings,we believe that there is a need to weaken parental psychological control,strengthen junior high school students’core self-evaluation and intentional self-regulation,and to recognize the important role of parents as well as their children’s personal positive traits in the healthy development of junior high school students.

大学生特质性心流与网络游戏成瘾的关系:生命意义感和生活满意度的链式中介作用

目的 探讨特质性心流与大学生网络游戏成瘾的关系,以及生命意义感和生活满意度在其中的中介作用。方法 采用方便抽样的方法,使用简版特质流畅量表、生命意义感量表、生活满意度量表和网络游戏成瘾问卷对广州市某高校2 770名大学生进行调查。分析各变量间的关系及其相关的中介作用。结果 特质性心流、生命意义感和生活满意度两两之间均呈显著正相关,特质性心流、生命意义感、生活满意度与网络游戏成瘾呈显著负相关。特质性心流对网络游戏成瘾的直接效应显著,也可分别通过生命意义感和生活满意度的独立中介作用以及两者的链式中介效应对网络游戏成瘾产生影响。结论 大学生特质性心流可通过直接作用以及生命意义感和生活满意度的链式中介作用,降低网络游戏成瘾的风险。

网络游戏成瘾对识别情绪面孔的影响

目的探讨网络游戏成瘾对情绪面孔效价及强度识别的影响。方法采用情绪面孔识别范式分别从标准情绪识别和微表情识别考察网络游戏成瘾个体是否存在情绪面孔识别偏差。实验一:采用情绪面孔效价识别范式,比较网络游戏成瘾被试与非网络游戏成瘾被试在识别不同情绪效价下的差异。实验二:借助情绪面孔强度识别范式,比较被试群体在不同情绪强度下的差异。结果被试识别正性情绪的反应时显著小于识别中性和负性情绪,识别正性和负性情绪的正确率显著高于识别中性情绪;随着情绪强度的变化,被试依然表现出了对正性情绪识别的偏好;相较于非网络游戏成瘾被试,网络游戏成瘾被试对正性情绪的识别正确率更高。结论网络游戏成瘾个体在识别标准情绪刺激时并没有表现出明显的损伤,但该个体在识别微表情时表现出了更为强烈的对于寻求奖赏刺激的偏向。

网络游戏成瘾者的情绪加工异常

研究表明,网络游戏成瘾(internet gaming disorder,IGD)个体对消极情绪刺激,尤其是愤怒情绪刺激存在异常的加工偏向,而且IGD个体面对消极刺激会产生过高的情绪唤起并在调节消极情绪方面出现困难,以上情绪加工能力的异常会在IGD的维持和发展中起到重要作用。同时,IGD个体情绪加工相关脑区也出现了异常,例如杏仁核、前扣带皮层、脑岛和部分前额叶皮层。未来研究可以更多关注IGD的群体情绪加工、情绪加工的时间进程、有效提高IGD个体情绪调节能力的方法以及IGD青少年的情绪加工问题。此外,也可以通过多样化地设置和呈现情绪刺激来达到不同的研究目的,同时还需要考虑被试的性别比例以及被试长期和短期的情绪状态对情绪加工研究结果的影响。

ACT联合rTMS对青少年游戏障碍患者网瘾程度及内隐认知偏倚的影响

目的探讨接受与现实疗法(ACT)联合重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)在青少年游戏障碍(GD)患者中的应用效果。方法选取2021年1月至2022年1月该院收治的100例青少年GD患者,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各50例。对照组采取认知行为疗法,观察组采取ACT联合rTMS,比较2组中文网络成瘾量表修订版(CIAS-R)评分、内隐认知偏倚情况和学习倦怠评分。结果2组治疗前CIAS-R各维度评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组治疗后CIAS-R各维度评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组治疗前内隐认知偏倚情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组治疗后内隐认知偏倚情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组治疗前学习倦怠各维度评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组治疗后学习倦怠各维度评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论ACT联合rTMS治疗青少年GD患者的效果显著,能降低网瘾程度,改善内隐认知偏倚和学习倦怠情况,有利于其健康成长。

抑郁和非适应性认知在压力与初中生网游成瘾间的作用

目的探讨抑郁和非适应性认知在压力和网游成瘾(IGD)的中介作用,为减少初中生IGD提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样法,使用青少年生活事件量表、抑郁量表中文简表、网游非适应性认知量表和网游成瘾简表对福建省五所中学的729名初中生进行问卷调查。结果福建省中学生的网游成瘾检出率为14.3%,其中男生的检出率(17.47%)高于女生(10.92%)。压力、抑郁和网游非适应性认知水平有性别差异。在控制性别和年级后,压力和网游非适应性认知能正向预测IGD;压力能正向预测抑郁;压力和抑郁能正向预测网游非适应性认知。抑郁和非适应性认知在压力和IGD间有链式中介效应,其中介效应占总效应的45.08%。结论应教导初中生掌握减压技巧以及对压力的正面认知,以减少他们的抑郁情绪和网游非适应性认知,进而降低IGD。

Gender difference in network relationship between inter-temporal decisions and prefrontal activation levels in internet gaming disorder

Background:Impulsivity and decision-making are key factors in addiction.However,little is known about how gender and time sensitivity affect impulsivity in internet gaming disorder(IGD).Objective:To investigate the gender difference of impulsive decision-making and relevant brain responses in IGD.Methods:We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)study with 123 participants,including 59 IGD individuals(26 females)and 64 matched recreational game users(RGUs,23 females).Participants performed a delay-discounting task during fMRI scanning.We examined gender-by-group effects on behavioral and neural measures to explore the preference for immediate over delayed rewards and the associated brain activity.We also investigated the network correlations between addiction severity and behavioral and neural measures,and analyzed the mediating role of brain activity in the link between delay discounting parameters and IGD severity.Results:We found significant gender-by-group interactions.The imaging results revealed gender-by-group interactions in the dor-solateral prefrontal cortex,medial frontal gyrus,and inferior frontal gyrus(IFG).Post hoc analysis indicated that,for females,RGUs showed higher activity than IGD individuals in these brain regions,while for males IGD individuals exhibited higher activity than RGUs.The activation in the left IFG mediated the relation between Internet Addiction Test score and discount rate in females.In males,the activation in the right dlPFC mediated the relation between IAT score and time sensitivity.Discussion:Our findings imply that male IGD participants demonstrate impaired intertemporal decisions associated with neural dysfunction.Influencing factors for impulsive decision-making in IGD diverge between males(time sensitivity)and females(discount rate).These findings augment our comprehension of the neural underpinnings of gender differences in IGD and bear significant implications for devising effective intervention strategies for treating people with IGD.

Internet addiction and problematic Internet use: A systematic review of clinical research

AIM: To provide a comprehensive overview of clinical studies on the clinical picture of Internet-use related addictions from a holistic perspective. A literature search was conducted using the database Web of Science.METHODS: Over the last 15 years, the number of Internet users has increased by 1000%, and at the same time, research on addictive Internet use has proliferated. Internet addiction has not yet been understood very well, and research on its etiology and natural history is still in its infancy. In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association included Internet Gaming Disorder in the appendix of the updated version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders(DSM-5) as condition that requires further research prior to official inclusion in the main manual, with important repercussions for research and treatment. To date, reviews have focused on clinical and treatment studies of Internet addiction and Internet Gaming Disorder. This arguably limits the analysis to a specific diagnosis of a potential disorder that has not yet been officially recognised in the Western world, rather than a comprehensive and inclusive investigation of Internet-use related addictions(including problematic Internet use) more generally. RESULTS: The systematic literature review identified a total of 46 relevant studies. The included studies used clinical samples, and focused on characteristics of treatment seekers and online addiction treatment. Four main types of clinical research studies were identified, namely research involving(1) treatment seeker characteristics;(2) psychopharmacotherapy;(3) psychological therapy; and(4) combined treatment. CONCLUSION: A consensus regarding diagnostic criteria and measures is needed to improve reliability across studies and to develop effective and efficient treatment approaches for treatment seekers.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging of internet addiction in young adults

AIM: To report the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging(f MRI) studies pertaining internet addiction disorder(IAD) in young adults.METHODS: We conducted a systematic review on Pub Med, focusing our attention on f MRI studies involving adult IAD patients, free from any comorbid psychiatric condition. The following search words were used, both alone and in combination: f MRI, internet addiction, internet dependence, functional neuroimaging. The search was conducted on April 20^(th), 2015 and yielded 58 records. Inclusion criteria were the following: Articles written in English, patients' age ≥ 18 years, patients affected by IAD, studies providing f MRI results during resting state or cognitive/emotional paradigms. Structural MRI studies, functional imaging techniques other than f MRI, studies involving adolescents, patients with comorbid psychiatric, neurological or medical conditions were excluded. By reading titles and abstracts, we excluded 30 records. By reading the full texts of the 28 remaining articles, we identified 18 papers meeting our inclusion criteria and therefore included in the qualitative synthesis.RESULTS: We found 18 studies fulfilling our inclusion criteria, 17 of them conducted in Asia, and including a total number of 666 tested subjects. The included studies reported data acquired during resting state or different paradigms, such as cue-reactivity, guessing or cognitive control tasks. The enrolled patients were usually males(95.4%) and very young(21-25 years). The most represented IAD subtype, reported in more than 85% of patients, was the internet gaming disorder, or videogame addiction. In the resting state studies, the more relevant abnormalities were localized in the superior temporal gyrus, limbic, medial frontal and parietal regions. When analyzing the task related fmri studies, we found that less than half of the papers reported behavioral differences between patients and normal controls, but all of them found significant differences in cortical and subcortical brain regions involved in cognitive control and reward processing: Orbitofrontal cortex, insula, anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, temporal and parietal regions, brain stem and caudate nucleus.CONCLUSION: IAD may seriously affect young adults' brain functions. It needs to be studied more in depth to provide a clear diagnosis and an adequate treatment.

十项网络游戏障碍测验简体中文版的修订及其诊断能力评估

网络游戏障碍的诊断标准问题一直受到广泛关注。十项网络游戏障碍测验(IGDT-10)在多个国家具有较高的使用率,并且表现出良好的跨文化适用性。然而IGDT-10中文版在我国的使用率较低,其适用性也有待商榷。本研究对IGDT-10简体中文版量表的信效度进行评估,并采用潜在类别分析和受试者工作特征曲线确定了IGDT-10简体中文版的截断分数及诊断能力。结果发现,IGDT-10简体中文版具有良好的信效度及诊断能力,并且支持了DSM-5关于IGD截断分数的建议(认可五个或更多标准)。此外,本研究样本中的网络游戏障碍流行率为13.4%,且存在性别差异(男性高于女性),但不存在年龄差异。结果表明,IGDT-10简体中文版可作为评估网络游戏障碍的有效工具。

粗暴养育与青少年网络游戏成瘾的关系:基本心理需要满足和越轨同伴交往的链式中介作用

目的:探究粗暴养育与青少年网络游戏成瘾的关系,以及青少年的基本心理需要满足和越轨同伴交往在其中的作用机制。方法:采用粗暴养育问卷、网络游戏成瘾量表、基本心理满足满足量表和越轨同伴交往问卷对3255名青少年进行调查,回收有效问卷3082份(94.69%)。结果:粗暴养育、基本心理需要满足、越轨同伴交往、网络游戏成瘾之间均呈显著相关(|r|=0.20~0.36;P<0.001)。粗暴养育对网络游戏成瘾的直接效应显著(β=0.10,P<0.001),基本心理需要满足、越轨同伴交往在粗暴养育与网络游戏成瘾之间的单独中介作用、链式中介作用均显著(95%CI:0.054~0.083;0.038~0.068;0.007~0.014),分别占总效应的29.49%、22.61%、4.42%。结论:粗暴养育既能直接作用于青少年的网络游戏成瘾倾向,又能通过基本心理需要满足、越轨同伴交往间接作用于其网络游戏成瘾倾向。

不同性别大学生网络游戏成瘾、焦虑与抑郁的症状网络差异

采用网络分析探讨不同性别大学生网络游戏成瘾风险群体的成瘾症状间联系及其与抑郁、焦虑症状间的关系。916名大学生完成了游戏成瘾量表与抑郁-焦虑-压力量表。结果发现:大学生网络游戏成瘾风险群体的成瘾与焦虑、抑郁得分显著正相关;其成瘾核心症状为显著性,但存在性别差异,男性为情绪调节,女性为显著性;在三者的共病网络中,无论男女,核心症状均为恐慌;网络游戏成瘾与焦虑、抑郁的症状间存在着密切关联,共病症状网络结构存在明显的性别差异。

网络成瘾(游戏障碍)的诊疗与思考

本文目的是探讨网络成瘾(游戏障碍)及其诊疗与研究热点。游戏障碍本质上属于成瘾行为,受到增加正性情绪、缓解负性情绪驱使。本文从一个复杂的共病临床案例引入成瘾行为及游戏障碍的相关问题,对游戏障碍诊断的争议和未来可能的变化、游戏障碍的治疗、目前存在的主要问题与研究热点等进行了讨论。

大学生网络游戏障碍的性别差异及与冷漠特质的关系

目的:探讨网络游戏障碍患病率的性别差异,以及冷漠特质对网络游戏障碍的影响。方法:选取2018年10月至12月湖南科技大学本科一年级学生作为研究对象,其中男性206名,女性286名,使用网络游戏障碍量表(IGDS)、冷漠特质量表(ICU)作为评估工具。结果:整体样本中筛查出网络游戏障碍24例(4.9%),男性组网络游戏障碍检出率显著高于女性组(7.8%vs 2.8%,P=0.018)。男性组IGDS总分显著高于女性组[2.04(SD=1.67)vs 0.81(SD=1.24),P<0.001]。男性组的ICU总分为25.12(SD=7.22),显著高于女性组的20.66(SD=6.84),并且三个分维度评分的组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在男性组(r=0.180,P=0.010)和女性组(r=0.129,P=0.030)的IGDS总分均与ICU量表的无情分维度显著相关。线性逐步回归分析显示,以IGDS为因变量,在控制了被试年龄和母亲教育程度后,ICU的无情分维度(β=0.108,P=0.001)和男性(β=1.086,P=0.000)最终纳入方程,回归方程的R 2=0.19。结论:相较于女性,男性大学生网络游戏障碍患病率更高,男性冷漠特质更高,男性和高无情特质均是网络游戏障碍的高风险因素。

羞怯对大学生网络游戏成瘾的影响:自尊和生命意义感的链式中介效应

目的探讨自尊和生命意义感在羞怯与大学生网络游戏成瘾之间的中介作用。方法采用羞怯量表、自尊量表、生命意义感量表、网络游戏成瘾量表对599名大学生进行调查。分析自尊、生命意义感在羞怯与网络游戏成瘾之间的作用。结果网络游戏成瘾与羞怯呈显著正相关,与自尊和生命意义感呈显著负相关;自尊和生命意义感在羞怯对网络游戏成瘾影响中的单独中介作用均显著,两者还在羞怯与网络游戏成瘾之间起链式中介作用。结论羞怯不仅可以直接预测大学生网络游戏成瘾,还通过自尊和生命意义感的中介作用以及两者的链式中介作用,间接影响网络游戏成瘾。

网络游戏障碍和尼古丁依赖的弥散张量成像研究进展

网络游戏障碍(IGD)是一种持续或反复地使用电子或视频游戏的行为成瘾模式,尼古丁依赖指由于反复或持续性使用尼古丁所致的使用失调节性物质成瘾障碍,均给患者带来不同程度的痛苦,给患者家庭及社会带来一定程度的负担。以IGD和尼古丁依赖为代表的行为成瘾和物质成瘾的研究是近年来神经影像学研究的热点之一,本文综述了近年来两种疾病的弥散张量成像研究进展,以求为进一步探究成瘾行为的神经机制研究提供参考。

A.A.模式十二步骤康复训练法改善大学生网络游戏成瘾的效果研究

目的探索A.A.模式十二步骤康复训练法对大学生网络游戏成瘾的改善效果。方法在沈阳市某医学院和某师范大学共招募30名符合入组标准的大学生志愿者,成立戒除网瘾协会,开展A.A.模式十二步骤康复训练12周。康复训练前后对全体入组大学生采用网络成瘾量表、网络游戏成瘾临床诊断标准、症状自评量表、大学生精神信仰问卷、大学生心理需求网络满足问卷、简易应对方式问卷、领悟社会支持量表进行评价,运用非参数检验进行前后对比分析。结果30名入组大学生按计划完成十二步骤康复训练。前后对比显示,实验组大学生成瘾程度、心理健康水平、精神信仰水平、心理需求网络满足水平、积极应对能力及领悟社会支持水平均有所改善。对照组在未施加干预的情况下,第1、12周的所有量表结果均无明显改善。结论A.A.模式十二步骤康复训练法是一种可被用于改善大学生网络游戏成瘾的有效方法。