There are increasing concerns about internet gaming disorder (IGD). No review of existing studies has systematicallyanalyzed and visualized the trends of IGD and those early identification of symptoms related to IGD b...There are increasing concerns about internet gaming disorder (IGD). No review of existing studies has systematicallyanalyzed and visualized the trends of IGD and those early identification of symptoms related to IGD behaviors.This critical review focuses on the emerging trends for early identification of symptoms related to IGDbehaviors in papers published in Web of Science Core Collection from 2009 to 2021 by scientometric analysisand critical review. Scientometric data analysis technique includes co-occurrence analysis, cluster analysis andburst analysis of authors, countries, keywords and co-citation to visualize those contributing and associated factorsto develop IGD behaviors and their relationships to mental-emotional symptoms. About 81.8% of the paperswere published in the following countries: United States, United Kingdom, Australia, China and South Korea. Thetop co-occurrence keywords were ‘children’, ‘depression’, ‘anxiety’ and ‘attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)’, ‘scale’, identifying the population, characteristics and commonly used assessment tools that are susceptibleto certain symptoms relating to IGD of which influencing factors facilitate the understanding of the associationof sociodemographic characteristics. The main emerging topics were identified in this critical review afterconducted the scientometric analysis. The results identified five topics: game impulse, motivation, evaluationscale, mediating effects and diagnostic criteria. This study provides an overview of the research trends on theidentity and development of the IGD field of study.展开更多
In our previous studies, we showed that frontal lobe and brainstem functions were abnormal in online game addicts. In this study, 14 students with Internet addiction disorder and 14 matched healthy controls underwent ...In our previous studies, we showed that frontal lobe and brainstem functions were abnormal in online game addicts. In this study, 14 students with Internet addiction disorder and 14 matched healthy controls underwent proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure cerebral function. Results demonstrated that the ratio of N-acetylaspartate to creatine decreased, but the ratio of cho- line-containing compounds to creatine increased in the bilateral frontal lobe white matter in people with Internet addiction disorder. However, these ratios were mostly unaltered in the brainstem, suggesting that frontal lobe function decreases in people with Internet addiction disorder.展开更多
Background:Impulsivity and decision-making are key factors in addiction.However,little is known about how gender and time sensitivity affect impulsivity in internet gaming disorder(IGD).Objective:To investigate the ge...Background:Impulsivity and decision-making are key factors in addiction.However,little is known about how gender and time sensitivity affect impulsivity in internet gaming disorder(IGD).Objective:To investigate the gender difference of impulsive decision-making and relevant brain responses in IGD.Methods:We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)study with 123 participants,including 59 IGD individuals(26 females)and 64 matched recreational game users(RGUs,23 females).Participants performed a delay-discounting task during fMRI scanning.We examined gender-by-group effects on behavioral and neural measures to explore the preference for immediate over delayed rewards and the associated brain activity.We also investigated the network correlations between addiction severity and behavioral and neural measures,and analyzed the mediating role of brain activity in the link between delay discounting parameters and IGD severity.Results:We found significant gender-by-group interactions.The imaging results revealed gender-by-group interactions in the dor-solateral prefrontal cortex,medial frontal gyrus,and inferior frontal gyrus(IFG).Post hoc analysis indicated that,for females,RGUs showed higher activity than IGD individuals in these brain regions,while for males IGD individuals exhibited higher activity than RGUs.The activation in the left IFG mediated the relation between Internet Addiction Test score and discount rate in females.In males,the activation in the right dlPFC mediated the relation between IAT score and time sensitivity.Discussion:Our findings imply that male IGD participants demonstrate impaired intertemporal decisions associated with neural dysfunction.Influencing factors for impulsive decision-making in IGD diverge between males(time sensitivity)and females(discount rate).These findings augment our comprehension of the neural underpinnings of gender differences in IGD and bear significant implications for devising effective intervention strategies for treating people with IGD.展开更多
AIM: To provide a comprehensive overview of clinical studies on the clinical picture of Internet-use related addictions from a holistic perspective. A literature search was conducted using the database Web of Science....AIM: To provide a comprehensive overview of clinical studies on the clinical picture of Internet-use related addictions from a holistic perspective. A literature search was conducted using the database Web of Science.METHODS: Over the last 15 years, the number of Internet users has increased by 1000%, and at the same time, research on addictive Internet use has proliferated. Internet addiction has not yet been understood very well, and research on its etiology and natural history is still in its infancy. In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association included Internet Gaming Disorder in the appendix of the updated version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders(DSM-5) as condition that requires further research prior to official inclusion in the main manual, with important repercussions for research and treatment. To date, reviews have focused on clinical and treatment studies of Internet addiction and Internet Gaming Disorder. This arguably limits the analysis to a specific diagnosis of a potential disorder that has not yet been officially recognised in the Western world, rather than a comprehensive and inclusive investigation of Internet-use related addictions(including problematic Internet use) more generally. RESULTS: The systematic literature review identified a total of 46 relevant studies. The included studies used clinical samples, and focused on characteristics of treatment seekers and online addiction treatment. Four main types of clinical research studies were identified, namely research involving(1) treatment seeker characteristics;(2) psychopharmacotherapy;(3) psychological therapy; and(4) combined treatment. CONCLUSION: A consensus regarding diagnostic criteria and measures is needed to improve reliability across studies and to develop effective and efficient treatment approaches for treatment seekers.展开更多
AIM: To report the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging(f MRI) studies pertaining internet addiction disorder(IAD) in young adults.METHODS: We conducted a systematic review on Pub Med, focusing our attenti...AIM: To report the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging(f MRI) studies pertaining internet addiction disorder(IAD) in young adults.METHODS: We conducted a systematic review on Pub Med, focusing our attention on f MRI studies involving adult IAD patients, free from any comorbid psychiatric condition. The following search words were used, both alone and in combination: f MRI, internet addiction, internet dependence, functional neuroimaging. The search was conducted on April 20^(th), 2015 and yielded 58 records. Inclusion criteria were the following: Articles written in English, patients' age ≥ 18 years, patients affected by IAD, studies providing f MRI results during resting state or cognitive/emotional paradigms. Structural MRI studies, functional imaging techniques other than f MRI, studies involving adolescents, patients with comorbid psychiatric, neurological or medical conditions were excluded. By reading titles and abstracts, we excluded 30 records. By reading the full texts of the 28 remaining articles, we identified 18 papers meeting our inclusion criteria and therefore included in the qualitative synthesis.RESULTS: We found 18 studies fulfilling our inclusion criteria, 17 of them conducted in Asia, and including a total number of 666 tested subjects. The included studies reported data acquired during resting state or different paradigms, such as cue-reactivity, guessing or cognitive control tasks. The enrolled patients were usually males(95.4%) and very young(21-25 years). The most represented IAD subtype, reported in more than 85% of patients, was the internet gaming disorder, or videogame addiction. In the resting state studies, the more relevant abnormalities were localized in the superior temporal gyrus, limbic, medial frontal and parietal regions. When analyzing the task related fmri studies, we found that less than half of the papers reported behavioral differences between patients and normal controls, but all of them found significant differences in cortical and subcortical brain regions involved in cognitive control and reward processing: Orbitofrontal cortex, insula, anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, temporal and parietal regions, brain stem and caudate nucleus.CONCLUSION: IAD may seriously affect young adults' brain functions. It needs to be studied more in depth to provide a clear diagnosis and an adequate treatment.展开更多
Background:Brain structural alterations of the striatum have been frequently observed in internet gaming disorder(IGD);however,the replicability of the results and the associations with social-affective dysregulations...Background:Brain structural alterations of the striatum have been frequently observed in internet gaming disorder(IGD);however,the replicability of the results and the associations with social-affective dysregulations such as social anxiety remain to be determined.Methods:The present study combined a dimensional neuroimaging approach with both voxel-wise and data-driven multivariate approaches to(i)replicate our previous results on a negative association between IGD symptom load(assessed by the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form)and striatal volume,(ii)extend these findings to female individuals,and(iii)employ multivariate and mediation models to determine common brain structural representations of IGD and social anxiety(assessed by the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale).Results:In line with the original study,the voxel-wise analyses revealed a negative association between IGD and volumes of the bilateral caudate.Going beyond the earlier study investigating only male participants,the present study demonstrates that the association in the right caudate was comparable in both the male and the female subsamples.Further examination using themultivariate approach revealed regionally different associations between IGD and social anxiety with striatal density representations in the dorsal striatum(caudate)and ventral striatum(nucleus accumbens).Higher levels of IGD were associated with higher social anxiety and the association was critically mediated by the multivariate neurostructural density variations of the striatum.Conclusions:Altered striatal volumes may represent a replicable and generalizable marker of IGD symptoms.However,exploratory multivariate analyses revealed more complex and regional specific associations between striatal density and IGD as well as social anxiety symptoms.Variations in both tendencies may share common structural brain representations,which mediate the association between increased IGD and social anxiety.展开更多
文摘There are increasing concerns about internet gaming disorder (IGD). No review of existing studies has systematicallyanalyzed and visualized the trends of IGD and those early identification of symptoms related to IGD behaviors.This critical review focuses on the emerging trends for early identification of symptoms related to IGDbehaviors in papers published in Web of Science Core Collection from 2009 to 2021 by scientometric analysisand critical review. Scientometric data analysis technique includes co-occurrence analysis, cluster analysis andburst analysis of authors, countries, keywords and co-citation to visualize those contributing and associated factorsto develop IGD behaviors and their relationships to mental-emotional symptoms. About 81.8% of the paperswere published in the following countries: United States, United Kingdom, Australia, China and South Korea. Thetop co-occurrence keywords were ‘children’, ‘depression’, ‘anxiety’ and ‘attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)’, ‘scale’, identifying the population, characteristics and commonly used assessment tools that are susceptibleto certain symptoms relating to IGD of which influencing factors facilitate the understanding of the associationof sociodemographic characteristics. The main emerging topics were identified in this critical review afterconducted the scientometric analysis. The results identified five topics: game impulse, motivation, evaluationscale, mediating effects and diagnostic criteria. This study provides an overview of the research trends on theidentity and development of the IGD field of study.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30830046,30670751,30570695the National Science and Technology Program of China,No.2007BAI17B02+2 种基金the National 973 Program of China,No.2009CB918303the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China,No.07JJ3042Department of Public Health of Hunan Province of China,No.B2005048
文摘In our previous studies, we showed that frontal lobe and brainstem functions were abnormal in online game addicts. In this study, 14 students with Internet addiction disorder and 14 matched healthy controls underwent proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure cerebral function. Results demonstrated that the ratio of N-acetylaspartate to creatine decreased, but the ratio of cho- line-containing compounds to creatine increased in the bilateral frontal lobe white matter in people with Internet addiction disorder. However, these ratios were mostly unaltered in the brainstem, suggesting that frontal lobe function decreases in people with Internet addiction disorder.
基金suported by The Cultivation Project of Province leveled Preponderant Characteristic Discipline of Hangzhou Normal University (20JYXK008)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (LY20C090005).
文摘Background:Impulsivity and decision-making are key factors in addiction.However,little is known about how gender and time sensitivity affect impulsivity in internet gaming disorder(IGD).Objective:To investigate the gender difference of impulsive decision-making and relevant brain responses in IGD.Methods:We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)study with 123 participants,including 59 IGD individuals(26 females)and 64 matched recreational game users(RGUs,23 females).Participants performed a delay-discounting task during fMRI scanning.We examined gender-by-group effects on behavioral and neural measures to explore the preference for immediate over delayed rewards and the associated brain activity.We also investigated the network correlations between addiction severity and behavioral and neural measures,and analyzed the mediating role of brain activity in the link between delay discounting parameters and IGD severity.Results:We found significant gender-by-group interactions.The imaging results revealed gender-by-group interactions in the dor-solateral prefrontal cortex,medial frontal gyrus,and inferior frontal gyrus(IFG).Post hoc analysis indicated that,for females,RGUs showed higher activity than IGD individuals in these brain regions,while for males IGD individuals exhibited higher activity than RGUs.The activation in the left IFG mediated the relation between Internet Addiction Test score and discount rate in females.In males,the activation in the right dlPFC mediated the relation between IAT score and time sensitivity.Discussion:Our findings imply that male IGD participants demonstrate impaired intertemporal decisions associated with neural dysfunction.Influencing factors for impulsive decision-making in IGD diverge between males(time sensitivity)and females(discount rate).These findings augment our comprehension of the neural underpinnings of gender differences in IGD and bear significant implications for devising effective intervention strategies for treating people with IGD.
基金Supported by A grant from the European Commission("Tech Use Disorders"Grant ID:FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF-627999)awarded to Olatz Lopez-Fernandez
文摘AIM: To provide a comprehensive overview of clinical studies on the clinical picture of Internet-use related addictions from a holistic perspective. A literature search was conducted using the database Web of Science.METHODS: Over the last 15 years, the number of Internet users has increased by 1000%, and at the same time, research on addictive Internet use has proliferated. Internet addiction has not yet been understood very well, and research on its etiology and natural history is still in its infancy. In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association included Internet Gaming Disorder in the appendix of the updated version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders(DSM-5) as condition that requires further research prior to official inclusion in the main manual, with important repercussions for research and treatment. To date, reviews have focused on clinical and treatment studies of Internet addiction and Internet Gaming Disorder. This arguably limits the analysis to a specific diagnosis of a potential disorder that has not yet been officially recognised in the Western world, rather than a comprehensive and inclusive investigation of Internet-use related addictions(including problematic Internet use) more generally. RESULTS: The systematic literature review identified a total of 46 relevant studies. The included studies used clinical samples, and focused on characteristics of treatment seekers and online addiction treatment. Four main types of clinical research studies were identified, namely research involving(1) treatment seeker characteristics;(2) psychopharmacotherapy;(3) psychological therapy; and(4) combined treatment. CONCLUSION: A consensus regarding diagnostic criteria and measures is needed to improve reliability across studies and to develop effective and efficient treatment approaches for treatment seekers.
基金Department of Neuroscience,Imaging,and Clinical Sciences,University"G.d’Annunzio",Chieti,ItalyDr.Sepede’s post hoc grant has been funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research,technological development and demonstration under grant agreement,No.602450
文摘AIM: To report the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging(f MRI) studies pertaining internet addiction disorder(IAD) in young adults.METHODS: We conducted a systematic review on Pub Med, focusing our attention on f MRI studies involving adult IAD patients, free from any comorbid psychiatric condition. The following search words were used, both alone and in combination: f MRI, internet addiction, internet dependence, functional neuroimaging. The search was conducted on April 20^(th), 2015 and yielded 58 records. Inclusion criteria were the following: Articles written in English, patients' age ≥ 18 years, patients affected by IAD, studies providing f MRI results during resting state or cognitive/emotional paradigms. Structural MRI studies, functional imaging techniques other than f MRI, studies involving adolescents, patients with comorbid psychiatric, neurological or medical conditions were excluded. By reading titles and abstracts, we excluded 30 records. By reading the full texts of the 28 remaining articles, we identified 18 papers meeting our inclusion criteria and therefore included in the qualitative synthesis.RESULTS: We found 18 studies fulfilling our inclusion criteria, 17 of them conducted in Asia, and including a total number of 666 tested subjects. The included studies reported data acquired during resting state or different paradigms, such as cue-reactivity, guessing or cognitive control tasks. The enrolled patients were usually males(95.4%) and very young(21-25 years). The most represented IAD subtype, reported in more than 85% of patients, was the internet gaming disorder, or videogame addiction. In the resting state studies, the more relevant abnormalities were localized in the superior temporal gyrus, limbic, medial frontal and parietal regions. When analyzing the task related fmri studies, we found that less than half of the papers reported behavioral differences between patients and normal controls, but all of them found significant differences in cortical and subcortical brain regions involved in cognitive control and reward processing: Orbitofrontal cortex, insula, anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, temporal and parietal regions, brain stem and caudate nucleus.CONCLUSION: IAD may seriously affect young adults' brain functions. It needs to be studied more in depth to provide a clear diagnosis and an adequate treatment.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,no.8221101268,no.82271583,no.32250610208)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2018YFA0701400).
文摘Background:Brain structural alterations of the striatum have been frequently observed in internet gaming disorder(IGD);however,the replicability of the results and the associations with social-affective dysregulations such as social anxiety remain to be determined.Methods:The present study combined a dimensional neuroimaging approach with both voxel-wise and data-driven multivariate approaches to(i)replicate our previous results on a negative association between IGD symptom load(assessed by the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form)and striatal volume,(ii)extend these findings to female individuals,and(iii)employ multivariate and mediation models to determine common brain structural representations of IGD and social anxiety(assessed by the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale).Results:In line with the original study,the voxel-wise analyses revealed a negative association between IGD and volumes of the bilateral caudate.Going beyond the earlier study investigating only male participants,the present study demonstrates that the association in the right caudate was comparable in both the male and the female subsamples.Further examination using themultivariate approach revealed regionally different associations between IGD and social anxiety with striatal density representations in the dorsal striatum(caudate)and ventral striatum(nucleus accumbens).Higher levels of IGD were associated with higher social anxiety and the association was critically mediated by the multivariate neurostructural density variations of the striatum.Conclusions:Altered striatal volumes may represent a replicable and generalizable marker of IGD symptoms.However,exploratory multivariate analyses revealed more complex and regional specific associations between striatal density and IGD as well as social anxiety symptoms.Variations in both tendencies may share common structural brain representations,which mediate the association between increased IGD and social anxiety.
