This paper established a by sector water consumption and economy analysis integrated model with input–output analysis method. The model can be used to identify the relationships between economic activities and the di...This paper established a by sector water consumption and economy analysis integrated model with input–output analysis method. The model can be used to identify the relationships between economic activities and the direct water consumption, the total water consumption and the intersectoral water transaction for detailed sectors in regional economy. The method is applied to Hai River Basin in China that is characterized by water shortage. The results found that in Hai River Basin, agriculture sector is responsible for 81.2% of the direct total water consumption in the region, but industrial and service sectors account for 53.2% of the indirect total water consumption. To 24 industrial and service sectors, their ratios of indirect water consumption to total water consumption belong to [90%, 99%]. To per unit output, water consumption intensity was highest in agriculture sector 1 at 96.91 m3 per thousand Yuan, the value of 28 industrial and service sectors were smaller than 1. Products of sector 1, sector 24, sector 3, sector 12, sector 6, sector 11 and sector 10 are the main suppliers of indirect water.展开更多
New health care demands directed at children with chronic conditions have been demanded mainly after the Zika virus epidemic. Given this, the Brazilian states have produced plans to cope with this congenital infection...New health care demands directed at children with chronic conditions have been demanded mainly after the Zika virus epidemic. Given this, the Brazilian states have produced plans to cope with this congenital infection. In the state of Rio de Janeiro, the elaborated plan had as one of its actions a training proposal for physiotherapists, speech therapists and occupational therapists, focusing on early stimulation and focused on the health care network, especially primary care and specialized rehabilitation centers. Thus the purpose of this article is to describe the impact of a response strategy to Zika virus congenital infection, based on the multi-professional training proposal in earlier stimulation in the public health attention network of Rio de Janeiro State. Descriptive study, observational from the earlier stimulation training course to the public health attention network of Rio de Janeiro State as a coping action to the health care of children with Zika virus congenital infection. At the time of writing, partial results are available after 11 classes were performed. Based on the analysis of the evaluation form of the 11 courses taught by professionals of a referral hospital in Rio de Janeiro and student form, using the Excel program, 299 health network professionals were qualified, from 56 different municipalities of RJ, mostly females (n = 259;86.82%). 175 physiotherapists (59%), 88 speech therapists (29%), 32 occupational therapists (11%) and 4 academics or other professional backgrounds (1%). The articulation between the different levels of public assistance, specifically: primary, secondary and tertiary, in this context assumes a fundamental action for good practices being undertaken considering the population’s health demands. Especially in relation to childhood chronic disease conditions, this action permited the building of lines of care that meet the population’s health demands so that in any of a child’s entry points on the assistance network, either prevention or treatment of the aggravated cases, there is integration of the actions and a better resolving response. It could be also identified that the strategy covered both the primary health attention team and the specialized rehabilitation team equally, composing one more important dialogue point to build an articulated and integrated assistance network.展开更多
Background:Improved access to health care and quality of services require integrated efforts and innovations,including community empowerment and participation in transformation processes.Chagas disease is a neglected ...Background:Improved access to health care and quality of services require integrated efforts and innovations,including community empowerment and participation in transformation processes.Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease that is generally controlled by insecticide spraying.To achieve community empowerment in a health program,actions for social innovations may include:community-based research,interdisciplinary and intersectoral participation,community perception of direct benefits and participation in health or environmental improvements.The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the processes by which an interdisciplinary team,in collaboration with communities of Comapa,Guatemala,developed an effective solution to address the risk for Chagas disease.Methods:A qualitative study involving interviews semi-structured and direct observation was conducted using a case study approach to describe and understand the community-based research and intervention process developed by researchers from the Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Parasitology of the Universidad de San Carlos of Guatemala(Laboratorio de Entomologia y Parasitologia Aplicada).Nine interviews were conducted with the investigators,innovators,members of the community in which the intervention had been implemented.NVivo software(version 12)was used for the emergent coding and analysis of the interviews.Results:Processes of social transformation were evident within households,and the communities that transcended the mere improvement of walls and floors.New social dynamics that favored the household economy and conditions of hygiene and home care that positively impacted the health of the community.We describe how the integration of criteria of social innovation into a home improvement strategy for Chagas disease control,can generate processes of transformation in health by considering sociocultural conditions,encouraging dialogue between public health approaches and traditional practices.We identify and discuss processes for Social Innovations in Health and identify their potential in improving community health in Latin America.Conclusions:When social innovation criteria are included in a health control initiative,the community-based research and the interdisciplinary and intersectoral participation facilitate the implementation of the control strategy,the perceived benefits by the community and its empowerment to sustain and share the strategy.The case study provided understanding of the intersectoral and interdisciplinary dynamics in particular contexts,and documented the relevance of innovation criteria in health processes.展开更多
Background:Globally,the threat of infectious diseases,particularly emerging infectious diseases,originating at the human-animal-environment interface,has caught health systems off guard.With forecasts that future path...Background:Globally,the threat of infectious diseases,particularly emerging infectious diseases,originating at the human-animal-environment interface,has caught health systems off guard.With forecasts that future pathogen emergence will be centred in hotspots in Asia,Africa,and Latin America,the need to prepare policy frameworks that can combat this threat is urgent.Discussion:Emergence of diseases such as avian influenza and Ebola virus disease,which threatened social disruption,have established the need for intersectoral coordination/collaboration.These events led to the initiation of establishing institutionalised collaborative frameworks in India to adopt a One Health approach to disease prevention and control.However,the gains made in influenza control could not be adapted to other infectious diseases.Intersectoral coordination was briefly carried out,more as a reactive response to threats.The systemic failure to sustain such efforts have therefore,only undermined a coordinated response.The recent draft National Health Policy,2015,has also failed to establish the need for intersectoral coordination in disease control approaches.Neglecting the need to endorse linkages between human health,animal health and husbandry,agriculture,and environmental sectors,has led to duplicative and weak response systems.The absence of health impact assessment with respect to the development agenda in policies,has cast negative effects on the health and wellbeing of man,animal,and the environment.Lack of attention to building core capacity in these critical sectors has further raised challenges in designing and deploying mitigation strategies.With developing countries like India being home to a major portion of the world’s poorest livestock farmers,the absence of a policy discourse that endorses the One Health approach in development and health policies is a major hurdle in eliminating poverty and poverty-related diseases.Conclusions:The adoption of One Health approaches in health and related sectoral policies is a critical policy requirement for India and other developing countries.The goal should be to not just establish preparedness plans,but also to encourage a policy environment where assessment and mitigation of downstream impacts of different agenda are incorporated.展开更多
文摘This paper established a by sector water consumption and economy analysis integrated model with input–output analysis method. The model can be used to identify the relationships between economic activities and the direct water consumption, the total water consumption and the intersectoral water transaction for detailed sectors in regional economy. The method is applied to Hai River Basin in China that is characterized by water shortage. The results found that in Hai River Basin, agriculture sector is responsible for 81.2% of the direct total water consumption in the region, but industrial and service sectors account for 53.2% of the indirect total water consumption. To 24 industrial and service sectors, their ratios of indirect water consumption to total water consumption belong to [90%, 99%]. To per unit output, water consumption intensity was highest in agriculture sector 1 at 96.91 m3 per thousand Yuan, the value of 28 industrial and service sectors were smaller than 1. Products of sector 1, sector 24, sector 3, sector 12, sector 6, sector 11 and sector 10 are the main suppliers of indirect water.
文摘New health care demands directed at children with chronic conditions have been demanded mainly after the Zika virus epidemic. Given this, the Brazilian states have produced plans to cope with this congenital infection. In the state of Rio de Janeiro, the elaborated plan had as one of its actions a training proposal for physiotherapists, speech therapists and occupational therapists, focusing on early stimulation and focused on the health care network, especially primary care and specialized rehabilitation centers. Thus the purpose of this article is to describe the impact of a response strategy to Zika virus congenital infection, based on the multi-professional training proposal in earlier stimulation in the public health attention network of Rio de Janeiro State. Descriptive study, observational from the earlier stimulation training course to the public health attention network of Rio de Janeiro State as a coping action to the health care of children with Zika virus congenital infection. At the time of writing, partial results are available after 11 classes were performed. Based on the analysis of the evaluation form of the 11 courses taught by professionals of a referral hospital in Rio de Janeiro and student form, using the Excel program, 299 health network professionals were qualified, from 56 different municipalities of RJ, mostly females (n = 259;86.82%). 175 physiotherapists (59%), 88 speech therapists (29%), 32 occupational therapists (11%) and 4 academics or other professional backgrounds (1%). The articulation between the different levels of public assistance, specifically: primary, secondary and tertiary, in this context assumes a fundamental action for good practices being undertaken considering the population’s health demands. Especially in relation to childhood chronic disease conditions, this action permited the building of lines of care that meet the population’s health demands so that in any of a child’s entry points on the assistance network, either prevention or treatment of the aggravated cases, there is integration of the actions and a better resolving response. It could be also identified that the strategy covered both the primary health attention team and the specialized rehabilitation team equally, composing one more important dialogue point to build an articulated and integrated assistance network.
文摘Background:Improved access to health care and quality of services require integrated efforts and innovations,including community empowerment and participation in transformation processes.Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease that is generally controlled by insecticide spraying.To achieve community empowerment in a health program,actions for social innovations may include:community-based research,interdisciplinary and intersectoral participation,community perception of direct benefits and participation in health or environmental improvements.The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the processes by which an interdisciplinary team,in collaboration with communities of Comapa,Guatemala,developed an effective solution to address the risk for Chagas disease.Methods:A qualitative study involving interviews semi-structured and direct observation was conducted using a case study approach to describe and understand the community-based research and intervention process developed by researchers from the Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Parasitology of the Universidad de San Carlos of Guatemala(Laboratorio de Entomologia y Parasitologia Aplicada).Nine interviews were conducted with the investigators,innovators,members of the community in which the intervention had been implemented.NVivo software(version 12)was used for the emergent coding and analysis of the interviews.Results:Processes of social transformation were evident within households,and the communities that transcended the mere improvement of walls and floors.New social dynamics that favored the household economy and conditions of hygiene and home care that positively impacted the health of the community.We describe how the integration of criteria of social innovation into a home improvement strategy for Chagas disease control,can generate processes of transformation in health by considering sociocultural conditions,encouraging dialogue between public health approaches and traditional practices.We identify and discuss processes for Social Innovations in Health and identify their potential in improving community health in Latin America.Conclusions:When social innovation criteria are included in a health control initiative,the community-based research and the interdisciplinary and intersectoral participation facilitate the implementation of the control strategy,the perceived benefits by the community and its empowerment to sustain and share the strategy.The case study provided understanding of the intersectoral and interdisciplinary dynamics in particular contexts,and documented the relevance of innovation criteria in health processes.
文摘Background:Globally,the threat of infectious diseases,particularly emerging infectious diseases,originating at the human-animal-environment interface,has caught health systems off guard.With forecasts that future pathogen emergence will be centred in hotspots in Asia,Africa,and Latin America,the need to prepare policy frameworks that can combat this threat is urgent.Discussion:Emergence of diseases such as avian influenza and Ebola virus disease,which threatened social disruption,have established the need for intersectoral coordination/collaboration.These events led to the initiation of establishing institutionalised collaborative frameworks in India to adopt a One Health approach to disease prevention and control.However,the gains made in influenza control could not be adapted to other infectious diseases.Intersectoral coordination was briefly carried out,more as a reactive response to threats.The systemic failure to sustain such efforts have therefore,only undermined a coordinated response.The recent draft National Health Policy,2015,has also failed to establish the need for intersectoral coordination in disease control approaches.Neglecting the need to endorse linkages between human health,animal health and husbandry,agriculture,and environmental sectors,has led to duplicative and weak response systems.The absence of health impact assessment with respect to the development agenda in policies,has cast negative effects on the health and wellbeing of man,animal,and the environment.Lack of attention to building core capacity in these critical sectors has further raised challenges in designing and deploying mitigation strategies.With developing countries like India being home to a major portion of the world’s poorest livestock farmers,the absence of a policy discourse that endorses the One Health approach in development and health policies is a major hurdle in eliminating poverty and poverty-related diseases.Conclusions:The adoption of One Health approaches in health and related sectoral policies is a critical policy requirement for India and other developing countries.The goal should be to not just establish preparedness plans,but also to encourage a policy environment where assessment and mitigation of downstream impacts of different agenda are incorporated.
