Proximal Femur Bionic Nail (PFBN): A Panacea for Unstable Intertrochanteric Femur Fracture

With the aging population,intertrochanteric femur fracture in the elderly has become one of the most serious public health issues and a hot topic of research in trauma orthopedics.Due to the limitations of internal fixation techniques and the insufficient mechanical design of nails,the occurrence of complications delays patient recovery after surgical treatment.Design of a proximal femur bionic nail(PFBN)based on Zhang’s N triangle theory provides triangular supporting fixation,which dramatically decreases the occurrence of complications and has been widely used for clinical treatment of unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture worldwide.In this work,we developed an equivalent biomechanical model to analyze improvement in bone remodeling of unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture through PFBN use.The results show that compared with proximal femoral nail antirotation(PFNA)and InterTan,PFBN can dramatically decrease the maximum strain in the proximal femur.Based on Frost’s mechanostat theory,the local mechanical environment in the proximal femur can be regulated into the medium overload region by using a PFBN,which may render the proximal femur in a state of physiological overload,favoring post-operative recovery of intertrochanteric femur fracture in the elderly.This work shows that PFBN may constitute a panacea for unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture and provides insights into improving methods of internal fixation.

Optimization of transdisciplinary management of elderly with femur proximal extremity fracture:A patient-tailored plan from orthopaedics to rehabilitation

Fractures of femur proximal extremity(FFPE)are the most common fragility fractures requiring hospitalization,with a high risk of mortality,low independence in the activities of daily living and severe consequences on healthrelated quality of life.Timing for surgery has a key role in the management of elderly patients with FFPE as recommended by the Australian and New Zealand guidelines and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines.Early surgery(within 48 h from hospital admission)allows significant benefits in terms of lower rates of postoperative complications and risk of death and can provide better functional outcomes.Therefore,time for surgery could be considered as a comorbidity marker.The choice between conservative or surgical approach surprisingly seems to be still not strongly supported by available literature,but it seems that both 30 d and 1 year risk of mortality is higher with the conservative treatment rather than with surgery.In light of these considerations,the optimization of FFPE management care is mandatory to improve functional outcomes and to reduce sanitary costs.Albeit it is widely accepted that transdisciplinary approach to patients suffering from FFPE is mandatory to optimize both short-term and long-term outcomes,the feasibility of a comprehensive approach in clinical practice is still a challenge.In particular,the large variability of figures involved could be considered both a resource and an additional disadvantage taking into account the difficulty to coordinate multidisciplinary approach covering care in all settings.Therefore,the aim of the present article was to summarize current evidence supporting transdisciplinary management of patients with FFPE,highlighting the benefits,feasibility and limitations of this approach.

Influence of early postoperative complication on the operative results in elderly intertrochanteric fractured patients

Objective： Early complications were analyzed in those with Evans Ⅲ type of intertrochanteric fracture treated with operation or nonoperative approaches. Methods：59 cases with Evans Ⅲ type of intertrochanteric fracture between June, 1999 to July, 2006 were admitted in our department. 38 patients were complicated with cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and arrhythmia. All the cases were operated. Results：58 cases were operated successfully. One died of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. Grade data of different age brackets indicated that early infective complications had apparent differences between the operation and the control group. Compared with the control group, the operation group had benefits such as fewer complications, especially the infective complications, and incidence of lower extremities venous thrombosis, and the results showed notable differences. Conclusion：In elderly patients with Evans Ⅲ type of intertrochanteric fracture, the incidence of pulmonary infection was the highest. Venous thrombosis in lower extremities was the most serious complication. So it will be helpful to perform the quadriceps femories function exercise. The postoperative effect is also related with the operation approach.

Effect of proximal femur nail anti-rotation on unstable intertrochanteric fractures: A prospective observational study

Objective:To assess the effect of proximal femur nail anti-rotation on the functional and radiological outcome of unstable intertrochanteric fractures.Methods:This prospective observational study was conducted in the orthopedic department of a tertiary care hospital.Altogether 86 patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures treated with proximal femur nail anti-rotation between January 2010 and January 2015 were included.Patients were followed in the outpatient clinic at regular intervals after discharge to assess the radiological union of fractures and complications.The functional outcomes were evaluated after 2 years by Harris hip score.Results:All patients achieved a radiological union of fractures after a mean duration of 24.6 weeks.The follow up showed 23 complications(systemic and local).Eight patients developed urinary tract infections,and three patients developed chest infections,two patients had screw cut-out,one patient had knee stiffness,one patient developed superficial surgical site infection,and four patients developed varus collapse and shortening subsequently.The two year follow up showed that 69(80.2%)patients had an excellent and good functional outcome according to Harris hip score.Conclusions:With lower complication rates,proximal femur nail is a valid and reasonable option especially in treating unstable intertrochanteric fractures.

Therapeutic Effect of Artificial Femoral Head Replacement and Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation on Elderly Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of artificial femoral head replacement and Proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) in the treatment of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 60 elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures treated with PFNA and artificial femoral head replacement from 2015.06 to 2018.06, of which 34 were in the PFNA group (Group A) and 26 in the artificial femoral head replacement group (Group B). Statistical analysis of relevant surgical indicators such as surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative blood transfusion, postoperative time to landing, postoperative infection rate, hospital stay, number of secondary operations, postoperative VAS score, and postoperative Hip function score comparison. Results: All 60 patients were followed up for 1 - 24 months. Compared with the artificial femoral head replacement group, the operation time of PFNA group was shorter, the blood loss during operation was less, and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). Conclusion: The hip joint function and pain scores of the artificial femoral head replacement group in the early and follow-up periods are better than those of the PFNA group. The artificial femoral head replacement is more suitable for the treatment of elderly unstable intertrochanteric fractures.

An Abduction－Traction Frame for the Treatment of Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur

We present a detailed outline of treatment of intertrochanteric fractures of femur with a new technique on the basis of principles of combined traditional chinese and western medicine. We use pins and an outer fixation frame, which keeps the injured limb in abduction and under traction and at the same time allows for functional exercise of all the joints in the extremity. The procedure is discussed and compared with other different techniques.

Comparison of Clinical Effect of PFNA and Internal Fixation with Anatomical Locking Plate of Proximal Femur in Treatment of Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur

Purpose:To investigate the clinical value of proximal femoral nail antirotation and anatomical locking plate of proximal femur in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur.Methods:The study group is treated with PFNA internal fixation.The control group is treated by internal fixation with anatomical locking plate of proximal femur.Results:The time of operation,the amount of intraoperative bleeding and the time of fracture healing in the study group are significantly less than those in the control group.The incidence rate of complication in the study group(3.23%)is significantly lower than that in the control group(17.2%).Data comparison shows P<0.05.Conclusion:The curative effect and prognosis for patients with intertrochanteric fracture of femur treated by PFNA internal fixation are more ideal.

Distal femur complex fractures in elderly patients treated with megaprosthesis:Results in a case series of 11 patients

BACKGROUND Surgical treatment of complex fractures of the distal femur in the elderly is controversial.Osteoporosis and pre-existent osteoarthritis are common comorbidities in the elderly which add to the need for early walking and rapid restoration of function and also pose significant obstacles to achievement of satisfactory results with standard fixation techniques.Recently,several authors have suggested that primary arthroplasty could be a viable alternative option to standard fixation techniques in selected patients with complex distal femur fractures.AIM To present our experience with 11 cases of distal femur fractures treated with knee arthroplasty and large femoral resection in a population of patients over the age of 85.METHODS Data from 11 consecutive patients(10 females,1 male)presenting with acute intra-articular supracondylar or intercondylar distal femur fractures and with pre-existent primary osteoarthritis who were treated with primary knee arthroplasty were recorded.We collected standard demographic data,comorbidities and patient reported outcomes including Visual Analogical Scale(VAS),Oxford Knee Score(OKS)and Barthel’s Index.Post-operative joint range of motion(ROM)and standard radiographic data were also collected.RESULTS At a mean follow-up of 23.2 mo,all of the implants were well-positioned and osteointegrated.Furthermore,all the patients were alive and walking either independently or with walking aids.There was a marked improvement in pain(VAS 4.5 postop vs 1.9 at the last follow-up),OKS score(29.5 postop vs 36.81 at the last follow-up),ROM(96.2°postop vs 102°at the last follow-up)and restoration of pre-injury ambulatory status(average Barthel Index 77.3).The radiographic evaluations showed good restoration of the articular geometry.No deaths and no complications were recorded.CONCLUSION In conclusion,we believe that knee megaprosthesis in the case of complex fractures of the distal femur is a valid surgical choice.This is particularly true in elderly patients with severe osteoporosis and pre-existing osteoarthritis.It is important to note that this surgery should be performed by surgeons with proven experience in prosthetic hip and knee surgery and that a scrupulous selection of the cases is completed.

Application of proximal femur locking compression plate for unstable four part intertrochanteric fractures

Objective To evaluate the clinical results of proximal femur locking compression plate (LCP) for unstable four-part intertrochanteric femoral fractures.Methods Clinical data of53patients wiith unstable four-part intertrochanteric

Analysis of Perioperative Complications of Surgery for Proximal Femur Fracture in Elderly Patients Older than 75 Years

Background: In elderly patients with femoral neck fracture, functional recovery is affected largely by preoperative underlying diseases and postoperative complications. The present study was designed to analyze the relationship between preoperative underlying diseases and perioperative complications of surgery for proximal femur fracture. Methods: The study involved 86 patients aged 75 years or older, who underwent surgery for proximal femur fracture. Each patient was examined for the presence of preoperative underlying diseases and preoperative biochemical test data. Moderate and severe complications, which were life-threatening and necessitated treated, were investigated during the perioperative period. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the relationship of preoperative underlying diseases and preoperative biochemical data with the moderate or severe complications that developed during the perioperative period. Results: Eighty-one patients developed a preoperative underlying disease, with hypertension being most frequent (42 cases). Complications during the perioperative period were observed in 58 patients, with anemia develops most frequently (23 cases). Moderate or severe complications during the perioperative period were observed in 16 patients, and infection was the most frequent complication (8 cases). In the statistical analysis, a significant difference in the incidence of moderate or severe perioperative complications was observed only in the users of anticoagulants/antiplatelet drugs. Discussion: Patients of preoperative use of anticoagulants/antiplatelet drugs should be closely managed medically so that perioperative medical complications can be managed.

Comparison of Clinical Effect of PFNA and Internal Fixation with Anatomical Locking Plate of Proximal Femur in Treatment of Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur

Purpose To investigate the clinical value of proximal femoral nail antirotation and anatomical locking plate of proximal femur in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur.Methods The study group is treated with PFNA internal fixation.The control group is treated by internal fixation with anatomical locking plate of proximal femur.Results The time of operation,the amount of intraoperative bleeding and the time of fracture healing in the study group are significantly less than those in the control group.The incidence rate of complication in the study group(3.23%)is significantly lower than that in the control group(17.2%).Data comparison shows P<0.05.Conclusion The curative effect and prognosis for patients with intertrochanteric fracture of femur treated by PFNA internal fixation are more ideal.

A comparison of three fixations for intertrochanteric femoral fractures in the elderly

Objective To compare the efficacy of 3 internal fixations,locking proximal femoral plate (LPFP),ASI-AN IMHS and InterTAN,for intertrochanteric femoral fractures in elderly patients.Methods A retrospective study was done to analyse

Arthroplasty vs proximal femoral nails for unstable intertrochanteric femoral fractures in elderly patients: a systematic review and metaanalysis

BACKGROUND Proximal femoral nails(PFNs)are the most common method for the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric femoral fractures(IFFs),but postoperative bed rest is required.There is a large amount of blood loss during the operation.Osteoporosis in elderly patients may cause nonunion of fractures and other complications.Arthroplasty can give patients early weight bearing and reduce financial burden,but whether it can replace PFNs remains controversial.AIM To compare the clinical outcomes of arthroplasty and PFNs in the treatment of unstable IFFs in elderly patients.METHODS A search was conducted in the PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane Library databases and included relevant articles comparing arthroplasty and PFN.The search time was limited from January 1,2005 to November 1,2020.Two investigators independently screened studies,extracted data and evaluated the quality according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.According to the research results,the fixed effect model or random effect model were selected for analysis.The following outcomes were analyzed:Harris Hip score,mortality,complications,operation time,blood loos,hospital stay,weight-bearing time,fracture classification and type of anesthesia.RESULTS We analyzed four randomized controlled trials that met the requirements.A total of 298 patients were included in these studies.According to the AO/OTA classification,there are 20 A1 types,136 A2 types,42 A3 types and 100 unrecorded types.Primary outcome:The Harris Hip Score at the final follow-up of the PFN group was higher[mean difference(MD):9.01,95%confidence interval(CI):16.57 to 1.45),P=0.02].There was no significant difference between the two groups in the rate of overall mortality[risk ratio(RR):1.44,P=0.44]or the number of complications(RR:0.77,P=0.05).Secondary outcomes:blood loss of the arthroplasty group was higher(MD:241.01,95%CI:43.06–438.96,P=0.02);the operation time of the PFN group was shorter(MD:23.12,95%CI:10.46–35.77,P=0.0003);and the length of hospital stay of the arthroplasty group was shorter[MD:0.97,95%CI:1.29 to 0.66),P<0.00001].There was no difference between the two groups in the type of anesthesia(RR:0.99).There were only two studies recording the weight-bearing time,and the time of full weight bearing in the arthroplasty group was significantly earlier.CONCLUSION Compared with PFN,arthroplasty can achieve weight bearing earlier and shorten hospital stay,but it cannot achieve a better clinical outcome.Arthroplasty cannot replace PFNs in the treatment of unstable IFFs in elderly individuals.

Intracortical screw insertion plus limited open reduction in treating type 31A3 irreducible intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly

BACKGROUND In most elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures,satisfactory fracture reduction can be achieved by closed reduction using a traction table.However,intertrochanteric fractures cannot achieve satisfactory reduction in a few patients,which is called irreducible intertrochanteric fractures.Especially for type 31A3 irreducible intertrochanteric fractures,limited open reduction of the broken end with different intraoperative reduction methods is required to achieve satisfactory reduction and fixation.AIM To discuss clinical efficacy of intracortical screw insertion plus limited open reduction in type 31A3 irreducible intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly.METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 23 elderly patients with type 31A3 irreducible intertrochanteric fractures(12 males and 11 females,aged 65-89-yearsold)who received treatment at the orthopedics department.After type 31A3 irreducible intertrochanteric fractures were confirmed by intraoperative C-arm,all of these cases received intracortical screw insertion plus limited open reduction in the broken end with intramedullary screw internal fixation.The basic information of surgery,reduction effects,and functional recovery scores of the hip joint were assessed.RESULTS All patients were followed up for 13.8 mo on average.The operation time was 53.8±13.6 min(40-95 min).The intraoperative blood loss was 218.5±28.6 mL(170-320 mL).The average number of intraoperative X-rays was 22.8±4.6(18-33).The average time to fracture union was 4.8±0.7 mo.The reduction effect was assessed using Kim’s fracture reduction evaluation.Twenty cases achieved grade I fracture reduction and three cases grade II fracture reduction.All of them achieved excellent or good fracture reduction.Upon the last follow-up,the functional recovery scores score was 83.6±9.8,which was not significantly different from the functional recovery scores score(84.8±10.7)before the fracture(t=0.397,P=0.694).CONCLUSION With careful preoperative preparation,intracortical screw insertion plus limited open reduction contributed to high-quality fracture reduction and fixation.Good clinical outcomes were achieved without increasing operation time and intraoperative blood loss.

Hidden blood loss after intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients and its influence on the postoperative function recovery:a random controlled trial

Objective To investigate hidden blood loss after various types of intertrochanteric fractures and to determine whether oral iron supplementations is benefical for the postoperative functional recovery in elderly patients.Methods From

钢板辅助外侧壁重建结合加长InterTan髓内钉固定治疗外侧壁破裂型股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效

目的观察钢板辅助外侧壁重建结合加长InterTan髓内钉固定治疗外侧壁破裂型股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法前瞻性选取2019年1月至2020年12月收治的沧州中西医结合医院45例外侧壁破裂型股骨粗隆间骨折患者作为观察组,选取同期性别、AO/OTA分型、骨折侧别与其相匹配的45例外侧壁破裂型股骨粗隆间骨折患者作为对照组。对照组采用加长InterTan髓内钉固定治疗,观察组采用钢板辅助外侧壁重建结合加长InterTan髓内钉固定治疗。比较两组手术情况、术后并发症发生情况及尖顶距、术后1周、6个月、1年的Harris评分、整体复位效果。结果观察组手术时间为(97.63±15.33)min,较对照组[(78.96±14.41)min]长,术后下地时间和术后开始负重时间、愈合时间分别为(6.25±1.17)d、(6.52±1.27)周、(12.17±2.22)周,均较对照组[(7.89±1.45)d、(8.44±1.45)周、(14.96±2.87)周]短,术中出血量为(187.74±30.29)mL,较对照组[(142.23±25.56)mL]多,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);但两组放射暴露时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组近期和远期并发症发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术后1周、6个月、1年的尖顶距比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术后1周、6个月、1年的Harris评分均较术前升高,且观察组术后1周、6个月、1年的Harris评分分别为(83.11±6.07)、(88.97±4.27)、(89.45±4.82)分,均高于对照组[(80.14±5.69)、(86.52±4.96)、(86.86±5.23)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后1年整体复位效果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论钢板辅助外侧壁重建结合加长InterTan髓内钉固定治疗外侧壁破裂型股骨粗隆间骨折可促进患者术后早期下地和开始负重,缩短骨折愈合时间,改善髋关节功能。

临床治疗老年骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效观察Curative effect observation on treating senile osteoporotic femoral intertrochanteric fracture

目的：探讨不同方法治疗老年骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法：采用回顾性方法分析，选取我院自2009年3月~2012年3月3年以来收治的92例老年骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折患者的临床资料。随机将其分为两组，各46例，应用股骨近端防旋髓内钉固定治疗为PENA组，采用动力髋螺钉固定治疗为DHS组，两组患者均给予中医药辨证治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间以及术后并发症。结果：两组患者在术中以及术后情况比较，PENA组患者术中以及术后情况均优于DHS组，手术时间、术中出血量、术中以及术后并发症、骨折愈合时间以及髋关节功能评分上均有明显的差异，具有差异统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：股骨近端防旋髓内钉对老年骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折患者有显著的疗效，同时操作方法比较简单，创伤小，固定牢固以及并发症少，并且结合中医药辨证治疗，有利于骨折的稳定以及早期进行功能锻炼，值得临床推广。

Study on Walking Ability after Surgery for Proximal Femoral Fracture in Elderly Patients Aged 75 Years or Older

Background: Fractures of the hip are the cause of hospitalization in the geriatric population. In many cases, hip fractures are a sentinel event signaling a systemic decline in the patient’s health. Methods: A retrospective review of the cases of 88 patients aged 75 years or older with proximal femoral fracture was performed. Fracture types, surgical procedures, walking ability before the injury and at discharge, and waiting time from injury to surgery were obtained. Results: No significant difference was observed in walking ability before injury among patients with femoral neck fracture treated with bipolar hip arthroplasty (BHA) or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and those with trochanteric fracture. The degree of deterioration of walking ability was 0.6 in patients treated with BHA, 1.2 in those with neck fracture treated with ORIF, and 1.1 in those with trochanteric fracture. Deterioration was significantly less severe in patients who received BHA, compared with those who received ORIF. Conclusions: Among the patients aged 75 years or older with femoral neck fracture, those who received BHA had a shorter time interval to the start of walking with parallel assist bars or with walking aids, and also had a higher rate of regaining walking ability.

活血健脾止痛方联合InterTan治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床观察

目的:观察活血健脾止痛方联合InterTan治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果。方法:选取2022年2月—2023年5月于汕头市中医医院住院的40例诊断为股骨粗隆间骨折的患者作为研究对象,使用随机数字法分为治疗组(n=20)和对照组(n=20)。治疗组应用InterTan内固定术,配合活血健脾止痛方,对照组仅应用InterTan内固定术。比较两组术前及术后第1、7天的视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分,术前及术后1、3个月的Harris评分,并统计两组术后不良事件发生情况。结果:两组术前和术后第1天VAS评分及评分分级比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组术后第7天VAS评分及评分分级均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术前Harris评分及评分分级比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组术后1、3个月Harris评分及评分分级均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者在随访期间均未发生不良事件。结论:活血健脾止痛方联合InterTan治疗股骨粗隆间骨折,可减轻患者围手术期疼痛,改善髋关节功能。

补肝益肾强骨方对老年不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折肝肾亏虚型患者TGF-β1、tPINP、VEGF及炎性因子的影响

【目的】探讨补肝益肾强骨方在老年不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折肝肾亏虚型患者治疗中的应用价值。【方法】将138例老年不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折肝肾亏虚型患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各69例。对照组给予西医常规治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合补肝益肾强骨方治疗,疗程为12周。观察2组患者治疗前后Harris评分、中医证候总积分以及血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)、D-二聚体(D-D)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、护骨素(OPG)、Ⅰ型胶原氨基端延长肽(tPINP)、骨形态发生蛋白2(BMP-2)水平的变化情况,比较2组患者的临床疗效及术后开始负重时间、骨折愈合时间情况。【结果】(1)治疗12周后,观察组的总有效率为94.20%(65/69),对照组为82.61%(57/69),组间比较,观察组的疗效明显优于对照组(χ^(2)=9.173,P<0.05)。(2)治疗后,2组患者的Harris评分均较治疗前升高(P<0.05),中医证候总积分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组对Harris评分的升高幅度及对中医证候总积分的降低幅度均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)观察组的骨折愈合时间和术后开始负重时间均较对照组明显缩短,组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(4)治疗后,2组患者血清IL-6、D-D、PGE2水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),血清VEGF、TGF-β1水平均较治疗前升高(P<0.05),且观察组对血清IL-6、D-D、PGE2水平的降低幅度及对血清VEGF、TGF-β1水平的升高幅度均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(5)治疗后,2组患者的血清BMP-2、OPG、tPINP水平均较治疗前升高(P<0.05),且观察组对血清BMP-2、OPG、tPINP水平的升高幅度均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。【结论】对于老年不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折肝肾亏虚型患者而言,联合补肝益肾强骨方治疗有助于减轻炎症反应,调控骨代谢,促进髋关节功能改善,进而提高临床疗效。