General awareness of symptoms of myocardial infarction and the need for urgent treatment:A cross-sectional,street survey in Chennai,Tamil Nadu

Objective:To investigate the golden-time-awareness of and the necessary actions in response to acute myocardial infarction among the general public.Methods:This study was conducted with the use of a descriptive research design and convenience sampling.A sample of 800 subjects,using self-structured knowledge questionnaires,was selected for data collection and analysis.The study was conducted at Dr.M.G.R.Educational and Research Institute,India,from February to November 2022.Awareness of myocardial infarction symptoms and intervention timeline(the golden time)was investigated.A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the demographic factors affecting the recognition of the golden time of acute myocardial infarction.Results:A total of 800 subjects were included.Among the subjects,367(45.8%)were male,433(54.2%)were female,and 443(55.3%)participants failed to recognize the golden time.Our multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that people with a bachelor’s degree(OR=0.41,95%CI:0.23-0.74,P=0.03)and a high school level diploma(OR=0.55,95%CI:0.31-0.97,P=0.03)are more likely to know about myocardial infarction(golden time)than illiterate people.Additionally,people who are employed(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.41-0.85,P=0.05)are more likely to know about myocardial infarction(golden time)than those who are not.Conclusions:The majority of people in the awareness group realize that taking myocardial infarction patients to the hospital would be the best course of action.The unawareness of the ideal treatment window for myocardial infarction may cause a delay in seeking medical attention,which can lead to an increase in mortality and morbidity.

Autophagy-Inducing Effect of Compound Berberine on CNE2 NPC Cells via Interference with the Targets in P13K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway

Objective: To investigate the autophagy-inducing effect of Compound Berberine (CBBR) on CNE2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells and its possible targets in P13K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Methods: CNE2 cells at exponential growth phase were taken as the target cells in this study. Firstly, IC50 concentration for CBBR was determined by MTT assay. Then, 3 different concentrations of CBBR, 0.25 mg⋅mL−1, 0.50 mg⋅mL−1 and 1.00 mg⋅mL−1, around the concentration of IC50, were taken for followed intervention experiments respectively. Fluorescein labeling method was utilized to assay the inducing effect of CBBR on the autophagic activity of CNE2 cells, followed by Western blot procedure to explore the changes of key messenger molecules in the autophagy-related signaling pathway of P13K/AKT/mTOR, both combined with 3-MA block test in a comparative way and carried out by detecting the expressive levels of Beclin 1, LC3-II and LC3-I as well as the ratio of LC3-II:LC3-I. Results: IC50 of CBBR was determined at the level of 0.5 mg⋅mL−1. The inducing effect of CBBR on autophagy of CNE2 cells was shown occurring in various modes, not a simple concentration-dependent tendency, with its effect minimal at the concentration of 0.25 mg⋅mL−1 and maximal at the concentration of 0.50 mg⋅mL−1, while only slightly higher at the concentration of 1.00 mg⋅mL−1 than that of 0.5 mg⋅mL−1. Although its inducing effect was weakened a little following the pretreatment by 3-MA, the effect combined with CBBR was still significantly higher than that of simply blocked by 3-MA. Moreover, changes in the expressive levels of Beclin1, LC3-II and LC3-I as well as LC3-II:LC3-I all showed a tendency corresponding to the changed autophagic features of CNE2 cells (P Conclusions: CBBR can bring about inhibiting effect on the proliferating activity of CNE2 cells through inducing increased autophagic activity via intervening targets in P13K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and this effect could not be completely blocked by the antagonist 3-MA.

Repeated operations for infiltrative low - grade gliomas without intervening therapy.

OBJECT:Progression of infiltrative low-grade gliomas(LGGs)has been reported previously.The limitations ofsuch studies include diverse histological grading systems,intervening therapy,and the lack of histological confir-mation of malignant tumor progression.The aim of this study was to determine tumor progression in adult patientswith an initial diagnosis of infiltrative LGG who subsequently underwent a repeated operation,but no other inter-vening therapy.The authors examined factors that may be associated with tumor progression.

Intervening Effect of Sodium Aescinate on Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats with Acute Lung Injury

[Objectives] The aim was to investigate the intervening effect of sodium aescinate on pulmonary fibrosis in rats with acute lung injury( ALI). [Methods] The rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group and sodium aescinate group. The rat model of ALI was induced by administration of oleic acid. The rats in the sodium aescinate group were intravenously injected with sodium aescinate according to the amount of 4 mg/kg for 14 consecutive d. Then,11 rats were selected randomly from each group and slaughtered on Day 1 and Day 14,respectively after last administration. The body mass index,arterial partial pressure of oxygen( PaO_2),oxygenation index( PaO_2/FiO_2),lung index,wet/dry mass ratio of lung,serum IL-1β,TNF-α,PC Ⅲ and TGF-β1 levels of the rats were analyzed. [Results]No significant differences were found in body mass index,lung index or lung wet/dry mass ratio among different groups. Compared with the model group,the PaO_2 and PaO_2/FiO_2 ratio increased significantly( P < 0. 05),the serum IL-1β,TNF-α,PC Ⅲ and TGF-β1 levels declined significantly( P <0. 05),the lung histopathological damage was reduced,and the semi-quantitative histological score( IQA) of damaged lung tissue decreased significantly( P < 0. 01). [Conclusions]Sodium aescinate can reduce the levels of inflammatory factors in rats with ALI,with certain intervening on pulmonary effect.

Influence of automated driving on driver’s own localization:a driving simulator study

Purpose–Level 3 automated driving,which has been defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers,may cause driver drowsiness or lack of situation awareness,which can make it difficult for the driver to recognize where he/she is.Therefore,the purpose of this study was to conduct an experimental study with a driving simulator to investigate whether automated driving affects the driver’s own localization compared to manual driving.Design/methodology/approach–Seventeen drivers were divided into the automated operation group and manual operation group.Drivers in each group were instructed to travel along the expressway and proceed to the specified destinations.The automated operation group was forced to select a course after receiving a Request to Intervene(RtI)from an automated driving system.Findings–A driver who used the automated operation system tended to not take over the driving operation correctly when a lane change is immediately required after the RtI.Originality/value–This is a fundamental research that examined how the automated driving operation affects the driver's own localization.The experimental results suggest that it is not enough to simply issue an RtI,and it is necessary to tell the driver what kind of circumstances he/she is in and what they should do next through the HMI.This conclusion can be taken into consideration for engineers who design automatic driving vehicles.

张巍:《希腊古风诗教考论》

In the book under review,the author conducts a thorough examination on the notion of poetic education in archaic Greece,integrating literary,philosophical and intellectual approaches.Although written in Chinese,this brisk,thought-provoking monograph nevertheless grew out of the author’s dissertation paper,Poet as the Educator in Archaic Greece,which was submitted to Johns Hopkins University in 2006.Some of the content of this book has already been separately published in Classical Journal and other English or Chinese journals,although the author makes further elaborations on the previous work based on his research during the intervening decade.