A comparative study of the intestinal digestive characteristics of diferent feeds for Holstein cows

This experiment was conducted with lactating Chinese Holstein cows to study the nutritional value of local protein feed resources.A three-step method(TSP)and a modifed three-step method(MTSP)were used to measure the in vitro digestibility of rumen undegraded protein(RUP)for 11 feedstufs and correlation.Eleven experimental feeds were chosen and air-dried to investigate the efects of diferent growth periods and varieties on nutrition value and RUP digestibility.The small intestinal digestibility of RUP by TSP in concentrated feed was determined to be higher than that of roughage,approximately 65%.The highest concentrate(79%)was SBM(soybean mean),while the lowest was corn(65%).The proportions of DDGS(with soluble wine lees)and SFM(sunfower meal)were 70.9 and 74.9%,respectively.ASS(alfalfa mowed at the squaring stage)had the highest small intestinal digestibility of RUP(55%)among roughages,and WCS(whole-plant corn silage)had the lowest digestibility(40.5%).When the small intestinal digestibility of RUP was determined using the MTSP method,it exhibited similar results to the TSP method.Nevertheless,the values were generally higher,and there was a strong signifcant correlation between them(R2=0.967,P<0.01).The comparative study of these two methods help us have a better understanding of small intestine digestibility of diferent feeds,make a reasonable feed formula to efectively prevent diseases.

Effect of Raw Material for Distillers Grains Production on Protein Quality for Ruminants

The present experiment was focused on quality of dry distillers＇ grains with solubles （DDGS） produced from corn （DDGSc）, wheat （DDGSw）, triticale （DDGSt）, and wet distillers grains from corn （WDGc） for ruminants. The products were tested for dry matter （DM）, crude protein （CP）, neutral detergent fibre （NDF）, acid detergent fibre （ADF） acid detergent insoluble nitrogen （NIAD）, amino acid （AA） profile, CP degradability and intestinal digestibility （ID） of rumen undegraded protein （RUP）. The average content of CP （g/kg DM） ranged from 289.9 （DDGSc） to 356.9 （DDGSw）. The highest content of essential AA was in WDGc （440.1 g/160g N） followed with DDGSc. The most variable was the content of Lys in DDGSw （from 13.69 to 22.79 g/160 g N）. The NIAD was found the highest for DDGSw （from 16.8% to 36.2%）, effective CP degradability was only 50.2% and ID of RUP 82.2%, total essential AA 81.2%, Lys 77.69% and Met 81.4%. Lys was generally the least digestible AA. The ruminally degradable CP fraction was in the range from 52.6% to 70.2% for DDGSc. ID of total and essential by-pass AA was very high 96.2% and 96.1%, Lysine 90.9% and Methionine 96.7%. From these data it can be concluded that DDGS from grains are a good source of protein for ruminants.

Change of Digestive Physiology in Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka) Induced by Corn Kernels Meal and Soybean Meal in Diets

The present study was conducted to determine the change of digestive physiology in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka) induced by corn kernels meal and soybean meal in diets. Four experimental diets were tested, in which Sargassum thunbergii was proportionally replaced by the mixture of corn kernels meal and soybean meal. The growth performance, body composition and intestinal digestive enzyme activities in A. japonicus fed these 4 diets were examined. Results showed that the sea cucumber exhibited the maximum growth rate when 20% of S. thunbergii in the diet was replaced by corn kernels meal and soybean meal, while 40% of S. thunbergii in the diet can be replaced by the mixture of corn kernels meal and soybean meal without adversely affecting growth performance of A. japonicus. The activities of intestinal trypsin and amylase in A. japonicus can be significantly altered by corn kernels meal and soybean meal in diets. Trypsin activity in the intestine of A. japonicus significantly increased in the treatment groups compared to the control, suggesting that the supplement of corn kernels meal and soybean meal in the diets might increase the intestinal trypsin activity of A. japonicus. However, amylase activity in the intestine of A. japonicus remarkably decreased with the increasing replacement level of S. thunbergii by the mixture of corn kernels meal and soybean meal, suggesting that supplement of corn kernels meal and soybean meal in the diets might decrease the intestinal amylase activity of A. japonicus.

Double-balloon enteroscopy in detecting small intestinal bleeding

Digestive tract hemorrhage is a common disease of the digestive system, but about 0. 4% -5% intestinal bleeding can not be detected with gastroscope or colonscope. 1 Since the intestine is long, tortuous, far away from both ends of the digestive tract and unfixed in position, clinical diagnosis of the bleeding is relatively difficult. Yamamoto and Sugano2 reported the clinical application of double-balloon enteroscope at American DDW in 2003. Since this new instrument can help to observe the entire intestine, obtain biopsy sample, mark lesions and carry out treatments, it has drawn the attention of researchers all over the world. In 2003, we successfully used Japanese Fujinon double-balloon enteroscope in detecting suspected intestinal hemorrhage in 57 patients.