连续股神经阻滞联合关节周围浸润镇痛对全膝关节置换术后关节早期功能恢复的影响

目的:比较连续股神经阻滞(continuous femoral nerve block,CFNB)和CFNB联合关节周围浸润镇痛(periarticular local infiltration analgesia,PLIA)对膝关节置换术后镇痛及早期功能恢复的影响。方法:选择择期行膝关节置换手术患者100例,随机分为CFNB组(n=50)和CFNB联合PLIA组(简称PLIA组,n=50),以视觉模拟评分(visual analogue score,VAS)评价患者疼痛程度,在术后各时点记录静息及被动运动时患侧膝关节前、后部VAS评分。记录术后患者被动屈膝90°时间、主动直腿抬高时间,记录患者术前及术后72 h美国特种外科医院膝关节评分(hospital for special surgery knee score,HSS)。结果:术后静息时膝关节前部VAS评分在各时点两组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但膝关节后部VAS评分在术后4、8、12、24 h时PLIA组明显低于CFNB组(P<0.05)。被动运动时PLIA组膝关节前部VAS评分在术后24 h明显低于CFNB组(P<0.05),膝关节后部VAS评分在术后12、24 h明显低于CFNB组(P<0.05)。两组术前及术后72 h HSS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与CFNB组比较,PLIA组被动屈膝90°时间和主动直腿抬高时间均明显缩短(P<0.05)。结论:CFNB联合PLIA镇痛可以降低术后膝关节后部疼痛评分,减少被动运动疼痛,缩短被动屈膝90°时间,改善患者术后早期康复效果。

股神经阻滞和关节内浸润控制前交叉韧带重建术后疼痛疗效比较的Meta分析

目的比较股神经阻滞(FNB)和关节内浸润(IA)治疗前交叉韧带重建术后疼痛的疗效。方法计算机检索MEDLINE(1966至2011.6)、EMBASE(1980至2011.6)、Cochrane图书馆以及ClinicalTrials.gov网站,检索相关随机对照研究,利用Detsky分级对纳入文献作方法学评估,对可合并结果行Meta分析,无法合并结果作描述分析。试构建倒漏斗图分析发表偏倚。结果共纳入5项随机对照试验,计437例患者。术后疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分Meta分析显示FNB镇痛优于IA,WMD-5.50(-9.897,-1.14)。未能构建有意义的倒漏斗图。结论现有证据表明FNB镇痛优于IA,但优势程度难以体现出实际临床意义。本分析仅纳入5项研究,病例较少,尚需多中心、大样本随机对照研究验证。

可视化融合成像技术诊治腰关节突关节综合征的疗效分析

目的探讨可视化融合成像技术诊治腰关节突关节综合征的临床效果。方法临床纳入2017年6月至2020年5月于深圳市龙岗中心医院住院和门诊收治的80例腰关节突关节综合征患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为两组,各40例。其中40例患者采用可视化融合成像技术引导下诊断及介入治疗者作为研究组,仅采用X线透视引导下诊断及介入治疗者作为对照组。观察两组患者治疗前后疼痛情况,分析两组患者诊疗效果及不良反应情况。结果研究组治疗后1周、3个月、6个月、12个月的VAS评分明显低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在不同治疗时期疼痛缓解方面,对照组患者总有效率明显低于研究组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在术区血肿形成、术区疼痛、消化道症状及下肢疼痛等不良反应方面,对照组不良事件发生率为25%,研究组为7.5%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论可视化融合成像技术诊治腰关节突关节综合征的临床效果明显、持久及安全性高,值得临床应用推广。

Management of lumbar zygapophysial (facet) joint pain

AIM: To investigate the diagnostic validity and therapeutic value of lumbar facet joint interventions in managing chronic low back pain.METHODS: The review process applied systematic evidence-based assessment methodology of controlled trials of diagnostic validity and randomized controlled trials of therapeutic efficacy. Inclusion criteria encompassed all facet joint interventions performed in a controlled fashion. The pain relief of greater than 50% was the outcome measure for diagnostic accuracy assessment of the controlled studies with ability to perform previously painful movements, whereas, for randomized controlled therapeutic efficacy studies, the primary outcome was significant pain relief and the secondary outcome was a positive change in functional status. For the inclusion of the diagnostic controlled studies, all studies must have utilized either placebo controlled facet joint blocks or comparative local anesthetic blocks. In assessing therapeutic interventions, short-term and long-term reliefs were defined as either up to 6 mo or greater than 6 mo of relief. The literature search was extensive utilizing various types of electronic search media including Pub Med from 1966 onwards, Cochrane library, National Guideline Clearinghouse, clinicaltrials.gov, along with other sources includingprevious systematic reviews, non-indexed journals, and abstracts until March 2015. Each manuscript included in the assessment was assessed for methodologic quality or risk of bias assessment utilizing the Quality Appraisal of Reliability Studies checklist for diagnostic interventions, and Cochrane review criteria and the Interventional Pain Management Techniques- Quality Appraisal of Reliability and Risk of Bias Assessment tool for therapeutic interventions. Evidence based on the review of the systematic assessment of controlled studies was graded utilizing a modified schema of qualitative evidence with best evidence synthesis, variable from level Ⅰ to level Ⅴ.RESULTS: Across all databases, 16 high quality diagnostic accuracy studies were identified. In addition, multiple studies assessed the influence of multiple factors on diagnostic validity. In contrast to diagnostic validity studies, therapeutic efficacy trials were limited to a total of 14 randomized controlled trials, assessing the efficacy of intraarticular injections, facet or zygapophysial joint nerve blocks, and radiofrequency neurotomy of the innervation of the facet joints. The evidence for the diagnostic validity of lumbar facet joint nerve blocks with at least 75% pain relief with ability to perform previously painful movements was level Ⅰ, based on a range of level Ⅰ to Ⅴ derived from a best evidence synthesis. For therapeutic interventions, the evidence was variable from level Ⅱ to Ⅲ, with level Ⅱ evidence for lumbar facet joint nerve blocks and radiofrequency neurotomy for long-term improvement(greater than 6 mo), and level Ⅲ evidence for lumbosacral zygapophysial joint injections for short-term improvement only.CONCLUSION: This review provides significant evidence for the diagnostic validity of facet joint nerve blocks, and moderate evidence for therapeutic radiofrequency neurotomy and therapeutic facet joint nerve blocks in managing chronic low back pain.

罗哌卡因关节腔内注射与股神经阻滞用于膝关节镜检术后疼痛治疗效果的比较

目的比较单次股神经阻滞和关节腔内单次注射罗哌卡因对膝关节镜检术后镇痛效果,为临床应用提供试验依据。方法 2009年1月-2010年7月,选择美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)Ⅰ～Ⅱ级、年龄18～65岁、拟行择期单侧下肢膝关节镜手术患者180例,随机分为股神经阻滞组和关节腔内用药组,每组90例,分别于术前1h行股神经阻滞(0.15%罗哌卡因20mL)和手术结束时在膝关节腔内注入0.6%罗哌卡因20mL。于术后4、8、24h采用视觉模拟评分法(visual analog scale,VAS)行静止和运动时疼痛评分,记录术后患者满意度、不良反应发生率,术后使用镇痛药物情况。结果关节腔内用药组术后镇痛药物使用率(41.11%)明显高于股神经阻滞组(20.00%)(P<0.005)。两组患者术后24h静止时及术后8、24h运动时的VAS评分关节腔内用药组均明显高于股神经阻滞组(P<0.001),其余各时点差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论股神经阻滞可提供更加有效的术后镇痛效果,并且用药量小,安全系数高,值得临床推广。