Cannulation of the intradiverticular papilla using a duodenoscope:Is it a safe method?

Endoscopic cannulation of the biliary tract is a challenging technique in cases of periampullary diverticula.Many new devices and new manipulations for successful biliary cannulation have been reported.Endoscopy used to locate and cannulate a papilla hidden within a duodenal diverticulum is an effective method.However,the question of which endoscope should be chosen for this procedure,duodenoscope or gastroscope,waits to be answered.

Entering the duodenal diverticulum:A method for cannulation of the intradiverticular papilla

Successful cannulation of the common bile duct may be difficult in patients in whom the papilla is located entirely within a diverticulum.In this study,we report successful biliary cannulation in three patients following intubation of the distal tip of the duodenoscope into the duodenal diverticulum and locating the major papilla.No complications occurred during the operation or during the postoperative period.This method didn't need second incubation an endoscope and might lower the burden of patients.So this skill is useful to deal with the papilla hidden inside the large diverticulum because of its safety and convenience.

Selective sphincteroplasty of the papilla in cases at risk due to atypical anatomy

AIM： To analyze the indications, efficacy and safety of sphincteroplasty in our centre.METHODS： A retrospective study of sphincteroplasty in 53 cases of papilla at high risk was performed in 2004-2006. The procedure consisted of duodenoscopy with Olympus TJF 145 Videoduodenoscope, approach to the biliary tract using a catheter with a guidewire, and dilatation of the papilla with a dilatation balloon catheter using a syringe with a manometer for control of the filling pressure.RESULTS： The indications included intradiverticular papilla in 26 patients （49%）, stenosis of a previous sphincterotomy in 19 patients （35.8%）, small size of the papilla in 4 patients （7.5%）, Billroth R gastrectomy in 3 patients （5.6%）, and coagulopathy in one patient （1.9%）. The efficacy was 97.8%, with all the calculi extracted from the common bile duct in 84.4% of the patients, even though 21 of the patients （39.6%） had calculi with a diameter equal to or greater than 10 ram. Seven patients （13.2%） presented complications： haemorrhage in 1 patient （1.9%） and mild pancreatitis in 6 patients （11.3%）. The mean hospital stay in case of complications was of 3 ± 0.63 d.CONCLUSION： Sphincteroplasty is highly effective, with a compllcation rate similar to that of sphincterotomy, furthermore, the complications are of low clinical importance. The use of the 10 mm balloon makes it possible to extract calculi with a diameter of over 15 mm and to extract more than 3 calculi without increasing the rate of complications and reduces the need to resort to lithotripsy or rescue sphincterotomy.

A modified Rendezvous ERCP technique in duodenal diverticulum

AIM: To postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) failure, we describe a modified Rendezvous technique for an ERCP in patients operated on for common bile duct stone(CBDS) having a T-tube with retained CBDSs. METHODS: Five cases operated on for CBDSs and having retained stones with a T-tube were referred from other hospitals located in or around Istanbul city to the ERCP unit at the Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital. Under sedation anesthesia, a sterile guide-wire was inserted via the T-tube into the common bile duct(CBD) then to the papilla. A guide-wire was held by a loop snare and removed through the mouth. The guide-wire was inserted into the sphincterotome via the duodenoscope from the tip to the handle. The duodenoscope was inserted down to the duodenum with a sphincterotome and a guidewire in the working channel. With the guidance of a guide-wire, the ERCP and sphincterotomy were suc-cessfully performed, the guide-wire was removed from the T-tube, the stones were removed and the CBD was reexamined for retained stones by contrast. RESULTS: An ERCP can be used either preoperatively or postoperatively. Although the success rate in an isolated ERCP treatment ranges from up to 87%-97%, 5%-10% of the patients require two or more ERCP treatments. If a secondary ERCP fails, the clinicians must be ready for a laparoscopic or open exploration. A duodenal diverticulum is one of the most common failures in an ERCP, especially in patients with an intradiverticular papilla. For this small group of patients, an antegrade cannulation via a T-tube can improve the success rate up to nearly 100%. CONCLUSION: The modified Rendezvous technique is a very easy method and increases the success of postoperative ERCP, especially in patients with large duodenal diverticula and with intradiverticular papilla.

十―指肠乳头芳憩室与胆胰疾病的关系及对内镜诊疗的影响

目的探讨十二指肠乳头旁憩室(JPDD)与胆胰疾病发生的关联性及JPDD对ERCP诊疗的影响。方法2012年1月至2017年1月,中国医科大学附属盛京医院普通外科1 230例行ERCP诊疗病例纳入回顾性分析,首先按是否存在JPDD分成JPDD组(n=360)和非JPDD组(n=870),然后再将JPDD组病例按是否为憩室内乳头分成憩室内乳头组(n=41)和非憩室内乳头组(n=319),JPDD组与非JPDD组间、憩室内乳头组与非憩室内乳头组间胆胰疾病发生率、ERCP插管成功率、取石成功率、术后并发症发生率等数据比较采用χ^2检验或Fisher确切概率法,P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。结果胆总管结石、原发性胆总管结石、复发性胆总管结石发生率JPDD组分别为87.78%(316/360)、31.11%(112/360)、6.67%(24/360),非JPDD组分别为75.52%(657/870)、19.08%(166/870)、4.02%(35/870),2组间比较差异均有统计学意义(χ^2=23.158,P<0.001;χ^2=21.068,P<0.001;χ^2=3.897,P=0.048);ERCP插管、一次性取石成功率,术后出血、胰腺炎、高淀粉酶血症发生率,2组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。复发性胆总管结石发生率憩室内乳头组为14.63%(6/41),非憩室内乳头组为5.64%(18/319),2组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ^2=4.721,P=0.030);胆总管结石、原发性胆总管结石发生率,ERCP插管、一次性取石成功率,术后出血、胰腺炎、高淀粉酶血症发生率,2组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论JPDD与原发性胆总管结石的发生相关,JPDD患者ERCP治疗后更易复发胆总管结石,且憩室内乳头患者更为明显。