经胸锁乳突肌肌间入路甲状腺癌根治手术的临床观察

目的:探讨颈侧切口经胸锁乳突肌肌间入路(腔镜辅助)实施甲状腺癌根治手术的可行性和安全性。方法:选择2018年1月-2019年9月我院普外科收治的甲状腺恶性结节患者共60例。按照随机数字表法分为两组,每组各30例。观察组采用颈侧切口经胸锁乳突肌肌间入路(腔镜辅助)实施甲状腺癌根治手术。对照组采用颈前切口颈白线入路实施甲状腺癌根治手术。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后切口疼痛评分、美容满意度、术后住院时间、并发症等指标。结果:观察组在美容满意度、术后疼痛评分、并发症方面要明显优于对照组,其差异有统计学意义。两组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间方面的比较无明显统计学意义。结论:颈侧切口经胸锁乳突肌肌间入路(腔镜辅助)实施甲状腺癌根治手术要明显优于传统的颈前切口颈白线入路,更值得在临床上推广及实施。

Direct anterior total hip arthroplasty: Literature review of variations in surgical technique

The direct anterior approach to the hip has been suggested to have several advantages compared to previously popular approaches through its use of an intra-muscular and intra-nervous interval betweenthe tensor fasciae latae and sartorius muscles. Recent increased interest in tissue-sparing and minimallyinvasive arthroplasty has given rise to a sharp increase in the utilization of direct anterior total hip arthroplasty. A number of variations of the procedure have been described and several authors have published their experiences and feedback to successfully accomplishing this procedure. Additionally, improved understanding of relevant soft tissue constraints and anatomic variants has provided improved margin of safety for patients. The procedure may be performed using speciallydesigned instruments and a fracture table, however many authors have also described equally efficacious performance using a regular table and standard arthroplasty tools. The capacity to utilize fluoroscopy intraoperatively for component positioning is a valuable asset to the approach and can be of particular benefit for surgeons gaining familiarity. Proper management of patient and limb positioning are vital to reducing risk of intra-operative complications. An understanding of its limitations and challenges are also critical to safe employment. This review summarizes the key features of the direct anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty as an aid to improving the understanding of this important and effective method for modern hip replacement surgeons.

经肌间隙入路复位固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折的效果及对腰椎功能的影响

目的 探讨经肌间隙入路复位固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折的效果及对腰椎功能的影响。方法 选取2018年1月-2022年1月本院收治的100例胸腰椎骨折患者为研究对象,按掷硬币法随机分为参照组与研究组,各50例。其中参照组应用经后路复位固定椎间融合术治疗,研究组应用经肌间隙入路复位固定术治疗,比较分析两组患者手术相关情况、手术前后疼痛程度、腰椎功能及术后并发症发生情况。结果 与参照组相比,研究组手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床时间、术后引流量及住院时间均明显更低(P<0.05)。两组术后VAS评分、RDQ评分、椎体前缘高度较术前均有变化,且与参照组相比,研究组RDQ评分更低,椎体前缘高度明显更高(P<0.05)。两组术后并发症发生率比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 针对胸腰椎骨折临床开展经肌间隙入路复位固定术能够获得比较理想的治疗效果,有助于促进患者腰椎功能恢复,提高生活质量,值得临床应用。

肌间隙入路与后正中入路在胸腰椎骨折后路内固定术中应用的比较研究

目的:分析肌间隙入路与后正中入路在胸腰椎骨折后路内固定术中应用的优劣势。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2022年12月中国人民解放军陆军特色医学中心收治的328例接受后路内固定术的胸腰椎骨折患者的临床资料。其中217例患者采取后正中入路(后正中入路组),111例患者采取肌间隙入路(肌间隙入路组)。比较两组患者住院及手术情况、血液学指标,同时比较手术医师对两组手术入路的主观感受评分。结果:与后正中入路组患者比较,肌间隙入路组患者手术时间更短,术中补液量、术后引流量更少,住院费用更低,且差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05),两组患者手术切口长度、术中出血量、住院时间及术中输血、术后转ICU、术后1年内感染、二期翻修情况差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。两组患者手术前后K+、尿素、肌酐、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、红细胞沉降率、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、C反应蛋白(CRP)异常情况差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。手术医师对后正中入路手术在主刀视野、助手视野、拉钩、放置椎弓根螺钉、放置连接杆及缝合方面的主观感受评分均高于肌间隙入路手术,且差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论:胸腰椎骨折患者行后路内固定术,肌间隙入路在手术时间、术中补液量、术后引流量、住院费用等方面优于后正中入路;后正中入路在术中手术医师操作的舒适度方面优于肌间隙入路。