Objective: To explore the effectiveness of applying patient simulators combined with Internet Plus scenario simulation teaching models on intravenous (IV) infusion nursing education, and to provide scientific evidence...Objective: To explore the effectiveness of applying patient simulators combined with Internet Plus scenario simulation teaching models on intravenous (IV) infusion nursing education, and to provide scientific evidence for the implementation of advanced teaching models in future nursing education. Methods: Enrolled 60 nurses who took the IV infusion therapy training program in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 for research. 30 nurses who were trained in traditional teaching models from January to December 2022 were selected as the control group, and 30 nurses who were trained with simulation-based teaching models with methods including simulated patients, internet, online meetings which can be replayed and scenario simulation, etc. from January to December 2023 were selected as the experimental group. Evaluated the learning outcomes based on the Competency Inventory for Nursing Students (CINS), Problem-Solving Inventory (PSI), comprehensive learning ability, scientific research ability, and proficiency in the theoretical knowledge and practical skills of IV infusion therapy. Nursing quality, the incidence of IV infusion therapy complications and nurse satisfaction with different teaching models were also measured. Results: The scientific research ability, PSI scores, CINS scores, and comprehensive learning ability of the experimental group were better than those of the control group (P 0.05), and their assessment results of practical skills, nursing quality of IV infusion therapy during training, and satisfaction with teaching models were all better than those of the control group with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The incidence of IV infusion therapy complications in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group, indicating statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Teaching models based on patient simulators combined with Internet Plus scenario simulation enable nursing students to learn more directly and practice at any time and in any place, and can improve their proficiency in IV infusion theoretical knowledge and skills (e.g. PICC catheterization), core competencies, problem-solving ability, comprehensive learning ability, scientific research ability and the ability to deal with complicated cases. Also, it helps provide high-quality nursing education, improve the nursing quality of IV therapy, reduce the incidence of related complications, and ensure the safety of patients with IV therapy.展开更多
Intravenous infusion,a common clinical drug treatment method,is widely used in the treatment of various diseases.Due to the invasive nature of puncture during intravenous infusion,patients may inevitably experience re...Intravenous infusion,a common clinical drug treatment method,is widely used in the treatment of various diseases.Due to the invasive nature of puncture during intravenous infusion,patients may inevitably experience resistance and tension when facing nursing staff performing infusion procedures.Additionally,the complexity of the nursing staff’s work and the impact of the infusion therapy environment can exacerbate the tension between nurses and patients,leading to risks such as drug leakage and needlestick injuries.This article focuses on the factors influencing extravasation during intravenous infusion and elaborates on how high-quality nursing interventions can reduce the incidence of adverse events during intravenous infusion.These interventions aim to improve patient satisfaction with intravenous infusion nursing care and ensure the safety of intravenous infusion procedures.展开更多
BACKGROUND Propofol is a short-acting,rapid-recovering anesthetic widely used in sedated colonoscopy for the early detection,diagnosis and treatment of colon diseases.However,the use of propofol alone may require high...BACKGROUND Propofol is a short-acting,rapid-recovering anesthetic widely used in sedated colonoscopy for the early detection,diagnosis and treatment of colon diseases.However,the use of propofol alone may require high doses to achieve the induction of anesthesia in sedated colonoscopy,which has been associated with anesthesia-related adverse events(AEs),including hypoxemia,sinus bradycardia,and hypotension.Therefore,propofol co-administrated with other anesthetics has been proposed to reduce the required dose of propofol,enhance the efficacy,and improve the satisfaction of patients receiving colonoscopy under sedation.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of propofol target-controlled infusion(TCI)in combination with butorphanol for sedation during colonoscopy.METHODS In this controlled clinical trial,a total of 106 patients,who were scheduled for sedated colonoscopy,were prospectively recruited and assigned into three groups to receive different doses of butorphanol before propofol TCI:Low-dose butorphanol group(5μg/kg,group B1),high-dose butorphanol group(10μg/kg,group B2),and control group(normal saline,group C).Anesthesia was achieved by propofol TCI.The primary outcome was the median effective concentration(EC50)of propofol TCI,which was measured using the up-and-down sequential method.The secondary outcomes included AEs in perianesthesia and recovery characteristics.RESULTS The EC50 of propofol for TCI was 3.03μg/mL[95%confidence interval(CI):2.83-3.23μg/mL]in group B2,3.41μg/mL(95%CI:3.20-3.62μg/mL)in group B1,and 4.05μg/mL(95%CI:3.78-4.34μg/mL)in group C.The amount of propofol necessary for anesthesia was 132 mg[interquartile range(IQR),125-144.75 mg]in group B2 and 142 mg(IQR,135-154 mg)in group B1.Furthermore,the awakening concentration was 1.1μg/mL(IQR,0.9-1.2μg/mL)in group B2 and 1.2μg/mL(IQR,1.025-1.5μg/mL)in group B1.Notably,the propofol TCI plus butorphanol groups(groups B1 and B2)had a lower incidence of anesthesia AEs,when compared to group C.Furthermore,no significant differences were observed in the rates of AEs in perianesthesia,including hypoxemia,sinus bradycardia,hypotension,nausea and vomiting,and vertigo,among group C,group B1 and group B2.CONCLUSION The combined use with butorphanol reduces the EC50 of propofol TCI for anesthesia.The decrease in propofol might contribute to the reduced anesthesia-related AEs in patients undergoing sedated colonoscopy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Implanted intravenous infusion port(TIAP)is mainly used for patients who need central venous infusion and poor peripheral vascular conditions.With the advantages of easy to carry,long maintenance cycle,few ...BACKGROUND Implanted intravenous infusion port(TIAP)is mainly used for patients who need central venous infusion and poor peripheral vascular conditions.With the advantages of easy to carry,long maintenance cycle,few complications and excellent quality of life,it has been widely used in the fields of malignant tumor chemotherapy,parenteral nutrition support and repeated blood collection.Implanted intravenous infusion port(IVAP)dislocation can have significant complications if not recognised and reinstated immediately.CASE SUMMARY A 24-year-old man was treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcoma.Severe displacement of IVAP catheter was found by chest X-ray examination.The IVAP cannot be used normally.Therefore,we conducted an emergency procedure to reset the catheter through double pigtail catheters,the operation was successful and the infusion port was restored.CONCLUSION When IVAP catheter displacement cannot be reset by conventional techniques,two pigtail catheters can be successfully used instead.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the changes in blood pressure (BP) of elderly hypertensive patients having dental extraction under sedation with continuous intravenous infusion of midazolam. Methods One hundred elderly hyperten...Objective To evaluate the changes in blood pressure (BP) of elderly hypertensive patients having dental extraction under sedation with continuous intravenous infusion of midazolam. Methods One hundred elderly hypertensive patients undergoing dental extraction were recruited for this single-blind, randomized, controlled study. Patients in intervention group (n=50) were given midazolam dissolved in glucose solution and patients in control group (n=50) were given glucose solution only with communication technique. Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were recorded in five time points. Results Under basal conditions, intervention group did not show significant difference in BP compared with control group. Before sedation, mean values of SBP and DBP (especially SBP) significantly increased compared with basal conditions in both groups (P<0.05). During dental extraction sessions, mean values of BP in intervention group significantly decreased than control group (P<0.05), but coefficient of variation did show significant difference in both groups. Conclusion Continuous intravenous infusion of midazolam has been proved to be very successful in controlling BP of elderly patients having dental extraction.展开更多
For drugs obeying parallel first-order and Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics,mathematical analysis concerning the optimum dosage regimen of intravenous infusion is conducted and following equations are derived:whe...For drugs obeying parallel first-order and Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics,mathematical analysis concerning the optimum dosage regimen of intravenous infusion is conducted and following equations are derived:where Xo is the intravenous loading dose,Cb the plasma concentration level desired in clinical therapy,V the apparent distribution volume,k0 the rate constant of intravenouns infusion,K the first-order elimination rate constant,Vm the theoretical maximum rate of the Michaelis-Menten elimination process,Km the Michaelis constant.From this dosage regimen,plasma level maintains a constant Cb during the administration period.When K=0 the dosage regimen above is also suitable for drugs obeying Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics.展开更多
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in the world with the highest incidence and mortality rate among all cancers.Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)accounts for approximately 80%of primary lung cancer...BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in the world with the highest incidence and mortality rate among all cancers.Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)accounts for approximately 80%of primary lung cancer.However,efficacy and safety of the current regimens for NSCLC is unsatisfactory.Therefore,there has been an increasing urgency for development of potential therapeutic therapies for NSCLC.AIM To investigate the therapeutic outcomes and safety of continuous intravenous infusion of recombinant human endostatin(Rh-endostain)using an infusion pump in retreated advanced NSCLC.METHODS Patients with retreated advanced NSCLC who were admitted to Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from October 2017 to April 2019 were recruited.These patients received continuous intravenous infusion of Rh-endostain using an infusion pump.Objective response rate(ORR),clinical benefit rate(CBR),median progression-free survival(mPFS),and incidences of adverse events(AEs)were analyzed after treatment.RESULTS A total of 45 patients with retreated advanced NSCLC were included,and all of them were evaluated.In these patients,ORR was 22.2%,CBR was 84.4%,and mPFS was 5.3 mo.The following AEs were observed,decreased hemoglobin(34 cases,75.6%),nausea/vomiting(32 cases,71.1%),elevated transaminase(24 cases,53.3%),leukopenia(16 cases,35.6%),thrombocytopenia(14 cases,31.1%),and constipation(1 case,3.4%).None of the patients had leukopenia,nausea/vomiting,and constipation of grade III and above.CONCLUSION The patients showed improved adherence to 5-d continuous intravenous infusion of Rh-endostain using an infusion pump.Favorable efficacy and safety of this treatment regimen were achieved in retreated advanced NSCLC.展开更多
Pharmacokinetic compartment models are the only models that can extract pharmacokinetic parameters from data collected in clinical studies but their estimates lack accuracy, explanations and physiological significance...Pharmacokinetic compartment models are the only models that can extract pharmacokinetic parameters from data collected in clinical studies but their estimates lack accuracy, explanations and physiological significance. The objective of this work was to develop particular solutions to drug concentration and AUC in the form of mathematical series and Heaviside functions for repetitive intermittent infusions in the one- and two-compartment models, as a function of dose number and total time using differential calculus. It was demonstrated that the central and peripheral compartment volumes determined from regression analysis of the aminoglycoside antibiotic Sisomicin concentration in plasma represent the actual physiological body fluid volumes accessible by the drug. The drug peak time and peak concentration in the peripheral compartment were also calculated as a function of dose number. It is also shown that the time of intercompartmental momentary distribution equilibrium can be used to determine the drug’s apparent volume of distribution within any dosing interval in multi-compartment models. These estimates were used to carry out simulations of plasma drug concentration with time in the one-compartment model. In conclusion, the two-compartment open mammillary pharmacokinetic model was fully explained for the aminoglycoside antibiotic sisomicin through the new concept of the apparent volume of distribution.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of optimization of the intravenous infusion workflow in isolation wards for patients with coronavirus disease 2019.Methods:The infusion management group optimized the ...Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of optimization of the intravenous infusion workflow in isolation wards for patients with coronavirus disease 2019.Methods:The infusion management group optimized the intravenous infusion workflow based on Hamer's Process Reengineering Theory and applied it to the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019.The work efficiency,patients'satisfaction and economic indicators before and after optimization were compared.Results:After the infusion workflow was optimized,average times for preparation drugs and intravenous admixture,and patients'waiting time decreased from 4.84 min,4.03 min,and 34.33 min to 3.50 min,2.60 min,and 30.87 min,respectively,patients'satisfaction increased from 66.7%to 93.3%,and the cost of personal protective equipment(PPE)decreased from 46.67 sets and 186.6 CNY per day to 36.17 sets and 144.6 CNY,with statistical significance.Conclusion:The optimization of the intravenous infusion workflow can effectively decrease the cost of PPE while improving the efficiency of infusion and patients'satisfaction.展开更多
This study aimed to establish a new propofol target-controlled infusion(TCI) model in animals so as to study the general anesthetic mechanism at multi-levels in vivo. Twenty Japanese white rabbits were enrolled and ...This study aimed to establish a new propofol target-controlled infusion(TCI) model in animals so as to study the general anesthetic mechanism at multi-levels in vivo. Twenty Japanese white rabbits were enrolled and propofol(10 mg/kg) was administrated intravenously. Artery blood samples were collected at various time points after injection, and plasma concentrations of propofol were measured. Pharmacokinetic modeling was performed using Win Nonlin software. Propofol TCI within the acquired parameters integrated was conducted to achieve different anesthetic depths in rabbits, monitored by narcotrend. The pharmacodynamics was analyzed using a sigmoidal inhibitory maximal effect model for narcotrend index(NI) versus effect-site concentration. The results showed the pharmacokinetics of propofol in Japanese white rabbits was best described by a two-compartment model. The target plasma concentrations of propofol required at light anesthetic depth was 9.77±0.23 μg/m L, while 12.52±0.69 μg/m L at deep anesthetic depth. NI was 76.17±4.25 at light anesthetic depth, while 27.41±5.77 at deep anesthetic depth. The effect-site elimination rate constant(ke0) was 0.263/min, and the propofol dose required to achieve a 50% decrease in the NI value from baseline was 11.19 μg/m L(95% CI, 10.25–13.67). Our results established a new propofol TCI animal model and proved the model controlled the anesthetic depth accurately and stably in rabbits. The study provides a powerful method for exploring general anesthetic mechanisms at different anesthetic depths in vivo.展开更多
Mannitol is the first choice of clinical dehydrating agent, which can alleviate brain edema and reduce intracranial pressure. As a hypertonic solution, it has strong vascular irritation. Moreover, fast infusion speed ...Mannitol is the first choice of clinical dehydrating agent, which can alleviate brain edema and reduce intracranial pressure. As a hypertonic solution, it has strong vascular irritation. Moreover, fast infusion speed is required, which can be related to pain, physic liquor exomosis and some other side effects. Regarding of the physic liquor exosmosis in mannitol intravenous infusion, this paper reviewed the research progress of different external application treatment, and provided references for clinical treatment of physic liquor exosmosis in mannitol intravenous infusion.展开更多
Our study compares two commonly used solutions of oxacillin sodium, 5.0 mg/mL in either 0.9% sodium chloride (NS) or 5% dextrose water (D5W), for their continued suitability for IV usage, and stability of active compo...Our study compares two commonly used solutions of oxacillin sodium, 5.0 mg/mL in either 0.9% sodium chloride (NS) or 5% dextrose water (D5W), for their continued suitability for IV usage, and stability of active compound over time, when stored at two different controlled temperatures for six weeks. Both solutions were stored in an intravenous infusion device commercially available as Accufuser? and kept at a continuously maintained temperature of either 4 ± 2?C (CT) or 25 ± 2?C (RT). Suitability for IV administration was assessed by measuring changes in macrographical transparency and pH over time, and drug stability was assessed by measuring changes in oxacillin concentration over time using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After 6 weeks, concentrations of oxacillin were unchanged in the CT solutions, while both RT solutions showed significant decreases in the concentration of oxacillin after only two weeks. Final concentration compared to starting concentrations after 6 weeks at RT, were 36.57% in NS, while virtually no oxacillin was detectable in D5W. Also pH measurements showed a slight decrement at 2 weeks with RT, and at 6 weeks, there was a significant change in pH in both NS and D5W at RT. There was no significant change in color, transparency or appearance after 6 weeks in any of the oxacillin solutions stored in the Accufuser? infusion device. In summary, two commonly used IV solutions for oxacillin administration(5 mg/mL in NS or D5W) stored ready to use in the Accufuser? showed significant changes over time when maintained at RT, that would make the solutions inappropriate for therapeutic use. Both solutions when maintained in CT were not significantly altered and continued to be appropriate in pH and drug concentration for IV therapy. This suggests that ready-to-use solutions of oxacillin sodium in the Accufuser? infusion device can be kept at CT for up to 6 weeks safely but should not be stored at RT due to loss of potency and changes in pH.展开更多
Objective Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of vancomycin in serum were studied after continuous infusion. Methods Twelve neurosurgical postoperative patients with ventricular drainage were enrolled in this study. In ...Objective Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of vancomycin in serum were studied after continuous infusion. Methods Twelve neurosurgical postoperative patients with ventricular drainage were enrolled in this study. In each patient,a loading dose of vancomycin of 0. 5 g was administered for 1 h followed展开更多
BACKGROUND Obstruction or fullness after feeding is common in gastric cancer(GC)patients,affecting their nutritional status and quality of life.Patients with digestive obstruction are generally in a more advanced stag...BACKGROUND Obstruction or fullness after feeding is common in gastric cancer(GC)patients,affecting their nutritional status and quality of life.Patients with digestive obstruction are generally in a more advanced stage.Existing methods,including palliative gastrectomy,gastrojejunostomy,endoluminal stent,jejunal nutrition tube and intravenous chemotherapy,have limitations in treating these symptoms.AIM To analyze the efficacy of continuous gastric artery infusion chemotherapy(cGAIC)in relieving digestive obstruction in patients with advanced GC.METHODS This study was a retrospective study.Twenty-nine patients with digestive obstruction of advanced GC who underwent at least one cycle of treatment were reviewed at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine.The oxaliplatin-based intra-arterial infusion regimen was applied in all patients.Mild systemic chemotherapy was used in combination with local treatment.The clinical response was evaluated by contrast-enhanced computed tomography using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors(RECIST)criteria.Digestive tract symptoms and toxic effects were analyzed regularly.A comparison of the Karnofsky Performance Status(KPS)score and Stooler’s Dysphagia Score before and after therapy was made.Univariate survival analysis and multivariate survival analysis were also performed to explore the key factors affecting patient survival.RESULTS All patients finished cGAIC successfully without microcatheter displacement,as confirmed by arteriography.The median follow-up time was 24 mo(95%CI:20.24-27.76 mo).The overall response rate was 89.7%after cGAIC according to the RECIST criteria.The postoperative Stooler’s Dysphagia Score was significantly improved.Twentytwo(75.9%)of the 29 patients experienced relief of digestive obstruction after the first two cycles,and 13(44.8%)initially unresectable patients were then considered radically resectable.The median overall survival time(mOS)was 16 mo(95%CI:9.32-22.68 mo).Patients who received radical surgery had a significantly longer mOS than other patients(P value<0.001).Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that radical resection after cGAIC,intravenous chemotherapy after cGAIC,and immunotherapy after cGAIC were independent predictors of mOS.None of the patients stopped treatment because of adverse events.CONCLUSION cGAIC was effective and safe in relieving digestive obstruction in advanced GC,and it could improve surgical conversion possibility and survival time.展开更多
Nurses must deliver infusions as prescribed since too slow or fast a dose could be deleterious to patients. Nurses experience challenges with infusion dose calculations, making them vulnerable to errors. The research ...Nurses must deliver infusions as prescribed since too slow or fast a dose could be deleterious to patients. Nurses experience challenges with infusion dose calculations, making them vulnerable to errors. The research team examined drop factor and infusion dose calculation discrepancies among nurses in southern Nigeria. Five university teaching hospitals were involved in this cross-sectional study conducted in 2019. To establish the drop factor of commonly available macro drip sets, the team randomly sourced 25 macro drip sets from the hospitals’ pharmacies. A sample of 291 nurses was selected using a proportionate random sampling technique. The team collected data using the Adult Infusion Dose Calculation Quiz and analyzed it at a 5% significance level. Twenty (80%) of the sampled macro drip sets displayed a drop factor value of 20 drops per milliliter (gtt/ml) on their packaging. When measured experimentally, 25 (100%) of the macro drip sets delivered exactly 20 gtt/ml. Only 36 (12.4%) respondents calculated macro drip infusion doses using the correct drop factor of 20 gtt/ml. Non-attendance of infusion administration training updates significantly increased the risk of error by 38% (p ≤ 0.001). In conclusion, the drop factor of macro drip sets used in southern Nigeria is 20 gtt/ml;nurses were prone to infusing patients at a lower dose than prescribed. Special training in infusion therapy might remedy this concern.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of intravenous administration of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) on reperfusion injury following liver transplantation. METHODS:Livers of male Lewis rats were transplanted after 24 h o...AIM:To investigate the effects of intravenous administration of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) on reperfusion injury following liver transplantation. METHODS:Livers of male Lewis rats were transplanted after 24 h of hypothermic preservation in University of Wisconsin solution in a syngeneic setting.During a 2-h reperfusion period either saline (controls,n=8) or GSH (50 or 100 μmol/(h·kg),n=5 each) was continuously administered via the jugular vein. RESULTS:Two hours after starting reperfusion plasma ALT increased to 1 457±281 U/L (mean±SE) in controls but to only 908±187 U/L (P<0.05) in animals treated with 100 μmol GSH/(h·kg).No protection was conveyed by 50μmol GSH/(h·kg).Cytoprotection was confirmed by morphological findings on electron microscopy:GSH treatment prevented detachment of sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) as well as loss of microvilli and mitochondrial swelling of hepatocytes.Accordingly,postischemic bile flow increased 2-fold.Intravital fluorescence microscopy revealed a nearly complete restoration of sinusoidal blood flow and a significant reduction of leukocyte adherence to sinusoids and postsinusoidal venules.Following infusion of 50μmol and 100 μmol GSH/(h·kg),plasma GSH increased to 65±7 mol/L and 97±18 mol/L,but to only 20±3 mol/L in untreated recipients. Furthermore,plasma glutathione disulfide (GSSG) increased to 7.5±1.0 mol/L in animals treated with 100μmol/(h·kg) GSH but infusion of 50μmol GSH/(h·kg) did not raise levels of untreated controls (1.8±0.5 mol/L vs 2.2±0.2 mol/L). CONCLUSION:Plasma GSH levels above a critical level may act as a “sink” for ROS produced in the hepatic vasculature during reperfusion of liver grafts.Therefore,GSH can be considered a candidate antioxidant for the Drevention of reperfusion injury after liver transplantation,in particular since it has a low toxicity in humans.展开更多
BACKGROUND Implanted intravenous infusion port(IVAP)is indicated for patients undergoing chemotherapy,total parenteral nutrition and long-term antibiotic treatment.Among their complications,the rupture and migration o...BACKGROUND Implanted intravenous infusion port(IVAP)is indicated for patients undergoing chemotherapy,total parenteral nutrition and long-term antibiotic treatment.Among their complications,the rupture and migration of the catheter of an IVAP via internal jugular vein represents a very rare but potentially severe condition.CASE SUMMARY A 43-year-old woman was identified with a spontaneous fracture and migration of catheter of an IVAP via right internal jugular vein after adjuvant chemotherapy for left breast cancer.A computed tomography showed the fractured catheter of the IVAP in the pulmonary artery.Therefore,we conducted an emergency procedure to remove the catheter fragment by a pigtail catheter combined with a gooseneck trap.CONCLUSION When the fractured catheter of an IVAP was detected,the special shape of the pigtail catheter in combination with the gooseneck trap successfully facilitated the removal of the dislodged catheter.展开更多
Objective: To study the cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered high dose-methotrexate (HD-MTX) and provide a solid fundament for clinical practice. Methods: MTX at a high dose ranging f...Objective: To study the cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered high dose-methotrexate (HD-MTX) and provide a solid fundament for clinical practice. Methods: MTX at a high dose ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 g per course was intravenously administered to 30 patients with malignant tumors. Blood and CSF samples were consecutively collected up to 36 h after the initiation of infusion (6 h). MTX concentrations were measured by using a reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) assay. Results: CSF MTX concentrations were (1.65±1.52)×10^-6, (4.3±3.34)× 10^-7, (1.46±1.10)×10^-7 and (3.19±4.38)×10^-8 mol/L, respectively, at 0, 6, 12 and 24 h post infusion, and became undetectable at 36 h post infusion. The concentration-time curve of CSF MTX closely resembled that of the plasma MTX and fitted with the following linear regression equation: Y=0.057 97+0.010 82X (Y: CSF MTX concentration, X: Plasma MTX concentration, r=0.8357). Conclusion: CSF MTX was metabolized in a linear two-compartment model. Additionally, pharmacokinetic analysis of MTX levels indicated a positive correlation between CSF MTX and plasma MTX levels.展开更多
文摘Objective: To explore the effectiveness of applying patient simulators combined with Internet Plus scenario simulation teaching models on intravenous (IV) infusion nursing education, and to provide scientific evidence for the implementation of advanced teaching models in future nursing education. Methods: Enrolled 60 nurses who took the IV infusion therapy training program in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 for research. 30 nurses who were trained in traditional teaching models from January to December 2022 were selected as the control group, and 30 nurses who were trained with simulation-based teaching models with methods including simulated patients, internet, online meetings which can be replayed and scenario simulation, etc. from January to December 2023 were selected as the experimental group. Evaluated the learning outcomes based on the Competency Inventory for Nursing Students (CINS), Problem-Solving Inventory (PSI), comprehensive learning ability, scientific research ability, and proficiency in the theoretical knowledge and practical skills of IV infusion therapy. Nursing quality, the incidence of IV infusion therapy complications and nurse satisfaction with different teaching models were also measured. Results: The scientific research ability, PSI scores, CINS scores, and comprehensive learning ability of the experimental group were better than those of the control group (P 0.05), and their assessment results of practical skills, nursing quality of IV infusion therapy during training, and satisfaction with teaching models were all better than those of the control group with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The incidence of IV infusion therapy complications in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group, indicating statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Teaching models based on patient simulators combined with Internet Plus scenario simulation enable nursing students to learn more directly and practice at any time and in any place, and can improve their proficiency in IV infusion theoretical knowledge and skills (e.g. PICC catheterization), core competencies, problem-solving ability, comprehensive learning ability, scientific research ability and the ability to deal with complicated cases. Also, it helps provide high-quality nursing education, improve the nursing quality of IV therapy, reduce the incidence of related complications, and ensure the safety of patients with IV therapy.
基金Henan Medical Science and Technology Research and Development Program in 2023“Analysis of Causes of Extravasation in Intravenous Infusion and Construction of Nursing Intervention Model”(Project No.LHGJ20230029)。
文摘Intravenous infusion,a common clinical drug treatment method,is widely used in the treatment of various diseases.Due to the invasive nature of puncture during intravenous infusion,patients may inevitably experience resistance and tension when facing nursing staff performing infusion procedures.Additionally,the complexity of the nursing staff’s work and the impact of the infusion therapy environment can exacerbate the tension between nurses and patients,leading to risks such as drug leakage and needlestick injuries.This article focuses on the factors influencing extravasation during intravenous infusion and elaborates on how high-quality nursing interventions can reduce the incidence of adverse events during intravenous infusion.These interventions aim to improve patient satisfaction with intravenous infusion nursing care and ensure the safety of intravenous infusion procedures.
文摘BACKGROUND Propofol is a short-acting,rapid-recovering anesthetic widely used in sedated colonoscopy for the early detection,diagnosis and treatment of colon diseases.However,the use of propofol alone may require high doses to achieve the induction of anesthesia in sedated colonoscopy,which has been associated with anesthesia-related adverse events(AEs),including hypoxemia,sinus bradycardia,and hypotension.Therefore,propofol co-administrated with other anesthetics has been proposed to reduce the required dose of propofol,enhance the efficacy,and improve the satisfaction of patients receiving colonoscopy under sedation.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of propofol target-controlled infusion(TCI)in combination with butorphanol for sedation during colonoscopy.METHODS In this controlled clinical trial,a total of 106 patients,who were scheduled for sedated colonoscopy,were prospectively recruited and assigned into three groups to receive different doses of butorphanol before propofol TCI:Low-dose butorphanol group(5μg/kg,group B1),high-dose butorphanol group(10μg/kg,group B2),and control group(normal saline,group C).Anesthesia was achieved by propofol TCI.The primary outcome was the median effective concentration(EC50)of propofol TCI,which was measured using the up-and-down sequential method.The secondary outcomes included AEs in perianesthesia and recovery characteristics.RESULTS The EC50 of propofol for TCI was 3.03μg/mL[95%confidence interval(CI):2.83-3.23μg/mL]in group B2,3.41μg/mL(95%CI:3.20-3.62μg/mL)in group B1,and 4.05μg/mL(95%CI:3.78-4.34μg/mL)in group C.The amount of propofol necessary for anesthesia was 132 mg[interquartile range(IQR),125-144.75 mg]in group B2 and 142 mg(IQR,135-154 mg)in group B1.Furthermore,the awakening concentration was 1.1μg/mL(IQR,0.9-1.2μg/mL)in group B2 and 1.2μg/mL(IQR,1.025-1.5μg/mL)in group B1.Notably,the propofol TCI plus butorphanol groups(groups B1 and B2)had a lower incidence of anesthesia AEs,when compared to group C.Furthermore,no significant differences were observed in the rates of AEs in perianesthesia,including hypoxemia,sinus bradycardia,hypotension,nausea and vomiting,and vertigo,among group C,group B1 and group B2.CONCLUSION The combined use with butorphanol reduces the EC50 of propofol TCI for anesthesia.The decrease in propofol might contribute to the reduced anesthesia-related AEs in patients undergoing sedated colonoscopy.
基金Supported by Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund,No.SZXK052。
文摘BACKGROUND Implanted intravenous infusion port(TIAP)is mainly used for patients who need central venous infusion and poor peripheral vascular conditions.With the advantages of easy to carry,long maintenance cycle,few complications and excellent quality of life,it has been widely used in the fields of malignant tumor chemotherapy,parenteral nutrition support and repeated blood collection.Implanted intravenous infusion port(IVAP)dislocation can have significant complications if not recognised and reinstated immediately.CASE SUMMARY A 24-year-old man was treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcoma.Severe displacement of IVAP catheter was found by chest X-ray examination.The IVAP cannot be used normally.Therefore,we conducted an emergency procedure to reset the catheter through double pigtail catheters,the operation was successful and the infusion port was restored.CONCLUSION When IVAP catheter displacement cannot be reset by conventional techniques,two pigtail catheters can be successfully used instead.
文摘Objective To evaluate the changes in blood pressure (BP) of elderly hypertensive patients having dental extraction under sedation with continuous intravenous infusion of midazolam. Methods One hundred elderly hypertensive patients undergoing dental extraction were recruited for this single-blind, randomized, controlled study. Patients in intervention group (n=50) were given midazolam dissolved in glucose solution and patients in control group (n=50) were given glucose solution only with communication technique. Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were recorded in five time points. Results Under basal conditions, intervention group did not show significant difference in BP compared with control group. Before sedation, mean values of SBP and DBP (especially SBP) significantly increased compared with basal conditions in both groups (P<0.05). During dental extraction sessions, mean values of BP in intervention group significantly decreased than control group (P<0.05), but coefficient of variation did show significant difference in both groups. Conclusion Continuous intravenous infusion of midazolam has been proved to be very successful in controlling BP of elderly patients having dental extraction.
文摘For drugs obeying parallel first-order and Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics,mathematical analysis concerning the optimum dosage regimen of intravenous infusion is conducted and following equations are derived:where Xo is the intravenous loading dose,Cb the plasma concentration level desired in clinical therapy,V the apparent distribution volume,k0 the rate constant of intravenouns infusion,K the first-order elimination rate constant,Vm the theoretical maximum rate of the Michaelis-Menten elimination process,Km the Michaelis constant.From this dosage regimen,plasma level maintains a constant Cb during the administration period.When K=0 the dosage regimen above is also suitable for drugs obeying Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics.
文摘BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in the world with the highest incidence and mortality rate among all cancers.Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)accounts for approximately 80%of primary lung cancer.However,efficacy and safety of the current regimens for NSCLC is unsatisfactory.Therefore,there has been an increasing urgency for development of potential therapeutic therapies for NSCLC.AIM To investigate the therapeutic outcomes and safety of continuous intravenous infusion of recombinant human endostatin(Rh-endostain)using an infusion pump in retreated advanced NSCLC.METHODS Patients with retreated advanced NSCLC who were admitted to Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from October 2017 to April 2019 were recruited.These patients received continuous intravenous infusion of Rh-endostain using an infusion pump.Objective response rate(ORR),clinical benefit rate(CBR),median progression-free survival(mPFS),and incidences of adverse events(AEs)were analyzed after treatment.RESULTS A total of 45 patients with retreated advanced NSCLC were included,and all of them were evaluated.In these patients,ORR was 22.2%,CBR was 84.4%,and mPFS was 5.3 mo.The following AEs were observed,decreased hemoglobin(34 cases,75.6%),nausea/vomiting(32 cases,71.1%),elevated transaminase(24 cases,53.3%),leukopenia(16 cases,35.6%),thrombocytopenia(14 cases,31.1%),and constipation(1 case,3.4%).None of the patients had leukopenia,nausea/vomiting,and constipation of grade III and above.CONCLUSION The patients showed improved adherence to 5-d continuous intravenous infusion of Rh-endostain using an infusion pump.Favorable efficacy and safety of this treatment regimen were achieved in retreated advanced NSCLC.
文摘Pharmacokinetic compartment models are the only models that can extract pharmacokinetic parameters from data collected in clinical studies but their estimates lack accuracy, explanations and physiological significance. The objective of this work was to develop particular solutions to drug concentration and AUC in the form of mathematical series and Heaviside functions for repetitive intermittent infusions in the one- and two-compartment models, as a function of dose number and total time using differential calculus. It was demonstrated that the central and peripheral compartment volumes determined from regression analysis of the aminoglycoside antibiotic Sisomicin concentration in plasma represent the actual physiological body fluid volumes accessible by the drug. The drug peak time and peak concentration in the peripheral compartment were also calculated as a function of dose number. It is also shown that the time of intercompartmental momentary distribution equilibrium can be used to determine the drug’s apparent volume of distribution within any dosing interval in multi-compartment models. These estimates were used to carry out simulations of plasma drug concentration with time in the one-compartment model. In conclusion, the two-compartment open mammillary pharmacokinetic model was fully explained for the aminoglycoside antibiotic sisomicin through the new concept of the apparent volume of distribution.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of optimization of the intravenous infusion workflow in isolation wards for patients with coronavirus disease 2019.Methods:The infusion management group optimized the intravenous infusion workflow based on Hamer's Process Reengineering Theory and applied it to the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019.The work efficiency,patients'satisfaction and economic indicators before and after optimization were compared.Results:After the infusion workflow was optimized,average times for preparation drugs and intravenous admixture,and patients'waiting time decreased from 4.84 min,4.03 min,and 34.33 min to 3.50 min,2.60 min,and 30.87 min,respectively,patients'satisfaction increased from 66.7%to 93.3%,and the cost of personal protective equipment(PPE)decreased from 46.67 sets and 186.6 CNY per day to 36.17 sets and 144.6 CNY,with statistical significance.Conclusion:The optimization of the intravenous infusion workflow can effectively decrease the cost of PPE while improving the efficiency of infusion and patients'satisfaction.
基金supported by a grant from Shenzhen Baoan Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University
文摘This study aimed to establish a new propofol target-controlled infusion(TCI) model in animals so as to study the general anesthetic mechanism at multi-levels in vivo. Twenty Japanese white rabbits were enrolled and propofol(10 mg/kg) was administrated intravenously. Artery blood samples were collected at various time points after injection, and plasma concentrations of propofol were measured. Pharmacokinetic modeling was performed using Win Nonlin software. Propofol TCI within the acquired parameters integrated was conducted to achieve different anesthetic depths in rabbits, monitored by narcotrend. The pharmacodynamics was analyzed using a sigmoidal inhibitory maximal effect model for narcotrend index(NI) versus effect-site concentration. The results showed the pharmacokinetics of propofol in Japanese white rabbits was best described by a two-compartment model. The target plasma concentrations of propofol required at light anesthetic depth was 9.77±0.23 μg/m L, while 12.52±0.69 μg/m L at deep anesthetic depth. NI was 76.17±4.25 at light anesthetic depth, while 27.41±5.77 at deep anesthetic depth. The effect-site elimination rate constant(ke0) was 0.263/min, and the propofol dose required to achieve a 50% decrease in the NI value from baseline was 11.19 μg/m L(95% CI, 10.25–13.67). Our results established a new propofol TCI animal model and proved the model controlled the anesthetic depth accurately and stably in rabbits. The study provides a powerful method for exploring general anesthetic mechanisms at different anesthetic depths in vivo.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81570392)National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFE0126000)
文摘Mannitol is the first choice of clinical dehydrating agent, which can alleviate brain edema and reduce intracranial pressure. As a hypertonic solution, it has strong vascular irritation. Moreover, fast infusion speed is required, which can be related to pain, physic liquor exomosis and some other side effects. Regarding of the physic liquor exosmosis in mannitol intravenous infusion, this paper reviewed the research progress of different external application treatment, and provided references for clinical treatment of physic liquor exosmosis in mannitol intravenous infusion.
基金supported by Hanyang University and Woo Young Medical Co.LTD.,Seoul,South Korea.
文摘Our study compares two commonly used solutions of oxacillin sodium, 5.0 mg/mL in either 0.9% sodium chloride (NS) or 5% dextrose water (D5W), for their continued suitability for IV usage, and stability of active compound over time, when stored at two different controlled temperatures for six weeks. Both solutions were stored in an intravenous infusion device commercially available as Accufuser? and kept at a continuously maintained temperature of either 4 ± 2?C (CT) or 25 ± 2?C (RT). Suitability for IV administration was assessed by measuring changes in macrographical transparency and pH over time, and drug stability was assessed by measuring changes in oxacillin concentration over time using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After 6 weeks, concentrations of oxacillin were unchanged in the CT solutions, while both RT solutions showed significant decreases in the concentration of oxacillin after only two weeks. Final concentration compared to starting concentrations after 6 weeks at RT, were 36.57% in NS, while virtually no oxacillin was detectable in D5W. Also pH measurements showed a slight decrement at 2 weeks with RT, and at 6 weeks, there was a significant change in pH in both NS and D5W at RT. There was no significant change in color, transparency or appearance after 6 weeks in any of the oxacillin solutions stored in the Accufuser? infusion device. In summary, two commonly used IV solutions for oxacillin administration(5 mg/mL in NS or D5W) stored ready to use in the Accufuser? showed significant changes over time when maintained at RT, that would make the solutions inappropriate for therapeutic use. Both solutions when maintained in CT were not significantly altered and continued to be appropriate in pH and drug concentration for IV therapy. This suggests that ready-to-use solutions of oxacillin sodium in the Accufuser? infusion device can be kept at CT for up to 6 weeks safely but should not be stored at RT due to loss of potency and changes in pH.
文摘Objective Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of vancomycin in serum were studied after continuous infusion. Methods Twelve neurosurgical postoperative patients with ventricular drainage were enrolled in this study. In each patient,a loading dose of vancomycin of 0. 5 g was administered for 1 h followed
基金The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine(Approval No.I2020001737).
文摘BACKGROUND Obstruction or fullness after feeding is common in gastric cancer(GC)patients,affecting their nutritional status and quality of life.Patients with digestive obstruction are generally in a more advanced stage.Existing methods,including palliative gastrectomy,gastrojejunostomy,endoluminal stent,jejunal nutrition tube and intravenous chemotherapy,have limitations in treating these symptoms.AIM To analyze the efficacy of continuous gastric artery infusion chemotherapy(cGAIC)in relieving digestive obstruction in patients with advanced GC.METHODS This study was a retrospective study.Twenty-nine patients with digestive obstruction of advanced GC who underwent at least one cycle of treatment were reviewed at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine.The oxaliplatin-based intra-arterial infusion regimen was applied in all patients.Mild systemic chemotherapy was used in combination with local treatment.The clinical response was evaluated by contrast-enhanced computed tomography using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors(RECIST)criteria.Digestive tract symptoms and toxic effects were analyzed regularly.A comparison of the Karnofsky Performance Status(KPS)score and Stooler’s Dysphagia Score before and after therapy was made.Univariate survival analysis and multivariate survival analysis were also performed to explore the key factors affecting patient survival.RESULTS All patients finished cGAIC successfully without microcatheter displacement,as confirmed by arteriography.The median follow-up time was 24 mo(95%CI:20.24-27.76 mo).The overall response rate was 89.7%after cGAIC according to the RECIST criteria.The postoperative Stooler’s Dysphagia Score was significantly improved.Twentytwo(75.9%)of the 29 patients experienced relief of digestive obstruction after the first two cycles,and 13(44.8%)initially unresectable patients were then considered radically resectable.The median overall survival time(mOS)was 16 mo(95%CI:9.32-22.68 mo).Patients who received radical surgery had a significantly longer mOS than other patients(P value<0.001).Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that radical resection after cGAIC,intravenous chemotherapy after cGAIC,and immunotherapy after cGAIC were independent predictors of mOS.None of the patients stopped treatment because of adverse events.CONCLUSION cGAIC was effective and safe in relieving digestive obstruction in advanced GC,and it could improve surgical conversion possibility and survival time.
文摘Nurses must deliver infusions as prescribed since too slow or fast a dose could be deleterious to patients. Nurses experience challenges with infusion dose calculations, making them vulnerable to errors. The research team examined drop factor and infusion dose calculation discrepancies among nurses in southern Nigeria. Five university teaching hospitals were involved in this cross-sectional study conducted in 2019. To establish the drop factor of commonly available macro drip sets, the team randomly sourced 25 macro drip sets from the hospitals’ pharmacies. A sample of 291 nurses was selected using a proportionate random sampling technique. The team collected data using the Adult Infusion Dose Calculation Quiz and analyzed it at a 5% significance level. Twenty (80%) of the sampled macro drip sets displayed a drop factor value of 20 drops per milliliter (gtt/ml) on their packaging. When measured experimentally, 25 (100%) of the macro drip sets delivered exactly 20 gtt/ml. Only 36 (12.4%) respondents calculated macro drip infusion doses using the correct drop factor of 20 gtt/ml. Non-attendance of infusion administration training updates significantly increased the risk of error by 38% (p ≤ 0.001). In conclusion, the drop factor of macro drip sets used in southern Nigeria is 20 gtt/ml;nurses were prone to infusing patients at a lower dose than prescribed. Special training in infusion therapy might remedy this concern.
基金Supported in part by a grant from the Friedrich-Baur Stiftung,the Muenchener Medizinische Wochenschrift (MMW)the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG Scha 857/1-1DFG FOR 440-717)
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of intravenous administration of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) on reperfusion injury following liver transplantation. METHODS:Livers of male Lewis rats were transplanted after 24 h of hypothermic preservation in University of Wisconsin solution in a syngeneic setting.During a 2-h reperfusion period either saline (controls,n=8) or GSH (50 or 100 μmol/(h·kg),n=5 each) was continuously administered via the jugular vein. RESULTS:Two hours after starting reperfusion plasma ALT increased to 1 457±281 U/L (mean±SE) in controls but to only 908±187 U/L (P<0.05) in animals treated with 100 μmol GSH/(h·kg).No protection was conveyed by 50μmol GSH/(h·kg).Cytoprotection was confirmed by morphological findings on electron microscopy:GSH treatment prevented detachment of sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) as well as loss of microvilli and mitochondrial swelling of hepatocytes.Accordingly,postischemic bile flow increased 2-fold.Intravital fluorescence microscopy revealed a nearly complete restoration of sinusoidal blood flow and a significant reduction of leukocyte adherence to sinusoids and postsinusoidal venules.Following infusion of 50μmol and 100 μmol GSH/(h·kg),plasma GSH increased to 65±7 mol/L and 97±18 mol/L,but to only 20±3 mol/L in untreated recipients. Furthermore,plasma glutathione disulfide (GSSG) increased to 7.5±1.0 mol/L in animals treated with 100μmol/(h·kg) GSH but infusion of 50μmol GSH/(h·kg) did not raise levels of untreated controls (1.8±0.5 mol/L vs 2.2±0.2 mol/L). CONCLUSION:Plasma GSH levels above a critical level may act as a “sink” for ROS produced in the hepatic vasculature during reperfusion of liver grafts.Therefore,GSH can be considered a candidate antioxidant for the Drevention of reperfusion injury after liver transplantation,in particular since it has a low toxicity in humans.
文摘BACKGROUND Implanted intravenous infusion port(IVAP)is indicated for patients undergoing chemotherapy,total parenteral nutrition and long-term antibiotic treatment.Among their complications,the rupture and migration of the catheter of an IVAP via internal jugular vein represents a very rare but potentially severe condition.CASE SUMMARY A 43-year-old woman was identified with a spontaneous fracture and migration of catheter of an IVAP via right internal jugular vein after adjuvant chemotherapy for left breast cancer.A computed tomography showed the fractured catheter of the IVAP in the pulmonary artery.Therefore,we conducted an emergency procedure to remove the catheter fragment by a pigtail catheter combined with a gooseneck trap.CONCLUSION When the fractured catheter of an IVAP was detected,the special shape of the pigtail catheter in combination with the gooseneck trap successfully facilitated the removal of the dislodged catheter.
文摘Objective: To study the cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered high dose-methotrexate (HD-MTX) and provide a solid fundament for clinical practice. Methods: MTX at a high dose ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 g per course was intravenously administered to 30 patients with malignant tumors. Blood and CSF samples were consecutively collected up to 36 h after the initiation of infusion (6 h). MTX concentrations were measured by using a reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) assay. Results: CSF MTX concentrations were (1.65±1.52)×10^-6, (4.3±3.34)× 10^-7, (1.46±1.10)×10^-7 and (3.19±4.38)×10^-8 mol/L, respectively, at 0, 6, 12 and 24 h post infusion, and became undetectable at 36 h post infusion. The concentration-time curve of CSF MTX closely resembled that of the plasma MTX and fitted with the following linear regression equation: Y=0.057 97+0.010 82X (Y: CSF MTX concentration, X: Plasma MTX concentration, r=0.8357). Conclusion: CSF MTX was metabolized in a linear two-compartment model. Additionally, pharmacokinetic analysis of MTX levels indicated a positive correlation between CSF MTX and plasma MTX levels.