Essential Oil from Inula britannica Extraction with SF-CO_2 and Its Antifungal Activity

The aim of this study was to determine the extraction technique of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide（SF-CO 2） for the essential oil from Inula britannica flowers and its antifungal activities against plant pathogenic fungi for its potential application as botanical fungicide.The effects of factors,including extraction temperature,extraction pressure,SF-CO 2 flow rate,flower powder size,and time on the essential oil yield were studied using the single factor experiment.An orthogonal experiment was conducted to determine the best operating conditions for the maximum extraction oil yield.Adopting the optimum conditions,the maximum yield reached 10.01% at 40°C temperature,30 MPa pressure,60 mesh flower powder size,20 L h-1SF-CO 2 flow rate,and 90 min extraction time.The antifungal activities of I.britannica essential oil using the SF-CO 2 against the most important plant pathogenic fungi were also examined through in vitro and in vivo tests.Sixteen plant pathogenic fungi were inhibited to varying degrees at 1 mg mL-1concentration of the essential oil.The mycelial growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici was completely inhibited.The radial growths of Phytophthora capsici and Fusarium monilifome were also inhibited by 83.76 and 64.69%,respectively.In addition,the essential oil can inhibit the spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum,Phytophthora capsici,Colletotrichum orbiculare,and Pyricularia grisea,and the corresponding inhibition rates were 98.26,96.54,87.89,and 87.35% respectively.The present study has demonstrated that the essential oil of I.britannica flowers extracted through the SF-CO 2 technique is one potential and promising antifungal agent that can be used as botanical fungicide to protect crops.

旋覆花花序不同溶剂萃取物对植物病原真菌的抑菌活性

为明确旋覆花的农用杀菌活性,采用液-液分配法对旋覆花乙醇提取浸膏进行萃取分离,并采用离体法和活体组织法测定不同溶剂萃取物对13种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性.结果表明:石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇的萃取率分别为34.89%、8.99%、8.63%和22.72%;在1.0mg·mL-1剂量下,氯仿萃取物对各供试菌菌丝生长均有较强的抑制作用,其中对辣椒疫霉病菌和油菜菌核病菌菌丝生长抑制率分别达73.77%和66.25%,乙酸乙酯萃取物和正丁醇萃取物对辣椒疫霉病菌和油菜菌核病菌菌丝生长也有较好的抑制活性,抑制率分别达67.69%、62.12%和56.07%、51.75%,石油醚萃取物对番茄灰霉病菌菌丝生长抑制率为58.70%;在1.0mg·mL-1剂量下,除苹果斑点落叶病菌外,氯仿萃取物可显著抑制麦冬炭疽病菌、棉花枯萎病菌、板栗炭疽病菌、玉米青枯病菌和辣椒枯萎病菌的孢子萌发,抑制率分别达96.00%、92.44%、80.43%、78.45%和71.84%,乙酸乙酯萃取物对各供试菌孢子萌发抑制率在40.86%～86.42%之间,石油醚萃取物对棉花枯萎病菌孢子萌发抑制率达82.52%;果实针刺法测定结果表明,在2.0mg·mL-1剂量下,氯仿萃取物对番茄灰霉病的治疗效果和保护效果分别为57.65%和50.60%(6d),其中治疗效果与对照药剂0.4mg·mL-1施佳乐无显著差异.

旋覆花花序氯仿萃取物抗植物病原真菌活性研究

为进一步明确旋覆花的农用杀菌活性,采用生长速率法、孢子萌发法,分别测定了旋覆花花序氯仿萃取物对13种植物病原真菌的离体抑菌活性,并测定了其对黄瓜灰霉病的防治效果。结果表明,在剂量为1.0 g/L时,氯仿萃取物对小麦全蚀病菌、西瓜炭疽病菌、葡萄炭疽病菌、苹果炭疽病菌、黄瓜灰霉病菌和番茄果腐病菌的菌丝生长有较强的抑制作用,抑制率均在50%以上,其中对小麦全蚀病菌的抑制作用最强,抑制率高达100%;对西瓜炭疽病菌和番茄果腐病菌孢子萌发抑制率达92.90%和82.92%。在10.0 g/L剂量下,氯仿萃取物对黄瓜灰霉病的治疗效果和保护效果分别为54.27%和76.68%(48 h),其中保护效果与对照药剂0.4 g/L施佳乐无显著差异。

旋覆花不同部位提取物对辣椒疫霉菌的生物活性研究

为明确旋覆花对辣椒疫病的控制效果,分别用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇对旋覆花根、茎、叶、花进行浸渍超声提取,采用菌丝生长速率法和载玻片上孢子萌发法测定各提取物对辣椒疫霉菌的离体活性,并测试了盆栽防效.结果表明,在0.1 g·mL-1供试条件下,旋覆花的花提取物对辣椒疫霉菌菌丝生长抑制活性最强,4种溶剂提取物抑制率分别为81.19%,93.15%,100%和95.43%;叶提取物抑菌活性次之,抑制率分别为81.17%,88.29%,95.43%和87.16%;除茎的氯仿提取物外,其它茎、根不同溶剂提取物抑制率均大于62.79%.在0.05 g·mL-1质量浓度下,叶和茎的石油醚提取物对供试病菌孢子释放的抑制率分别为83.33%和66.67%,其它提取物抑菌活性均较弱.在1.0 g·mL-1处理剂量下,旋覆花花的氯仿提取物对辣椒疫病的治疗和保护作用分别为46.35%和52.18%,均与对照药剂相当.

旋覆花提取物抑制血管内皮剥脱后内膜增生的实验研究

目的观察旋覆花提取物(Inula britannica extract,IBE)对内皮剥脱诱导的新生内膜形成的影响,并初步探讨其机制。方法采用主动脉球囊损伤后血管再狭窄动物模型,以免疫组化和Western blotting方法分别检测血管内膜增生情况、内膜与中膜比值(I/M)、核转录因子κB p65(nuclear factor-κB p65,NF-κB p65)、激活蛋白-1(activator protein-1,AP-1)的表达变化及IBE对它们的影响。结果在实验结束时,模型组损伤处血管壁血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)大量增生、新生内膜呈弥漫性增厚、I/M值增加,NF-κB p65、AP-1的表达均比对照组明显升高(P<0.05)。IBE给药组内膜增生程度显著减轻、I/M值减少(P<0.05),NF-κB p65、AP-1的表达均比模型组明显降低(P<0.05),细胞核NF-κB减少。结论IBE可能是通过抑制NF-κB p65和AP-1的表达而发挥抗血管炎症反应和抑制内膜增生的作用。

欧亚旋覆花总黄酮对大鼠局灶性脑缺血-再灌注损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的观察欧亚旋覆花总黄酮(total flavones extracted fromInula britannicaL,TFIB)对大鼠局灶性脑缺血-再灌注脑组织损伤的保护作用,并进一步探讨其作用机制。方法采用大脑中动脉栓塞法制作大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,缺血2 h,再灌注22 h后,以盐酸2,3,5-三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色法测定脑梗塞面积,比色法测定脑组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量,采用"5分法"进行神经症状评分。结果TFIB(25,50,100 mg.kg-1,ip)能明显改善脑缺血-再灌注后大鼠神经症状,明显减小梗塞面积与全脑面积之比,提高缺血脑组织SOD活性,降低MDA含量。结论TFIB对大鼠缺血-再灌注损伤大脑具有显著的保护作用,其作用机制可能与TFIB抗氧化作用有关。