Advances in Research and Application of gE Gene/Protein in Prevention and Control of Swine Pseudora-bies

Research and application progresses of gE gene and its encoding gE protein in PR vaccines, diagnostic technique and epidemiological investigation are summarized, which have certain reference value for comprehensive prevention and control of PR and gradual purification of PR in different regions.

Looking up Prescriptions to Treat Infectious Disease:Anti-epidemic Books of Medical Formularies and Epidemic Prevention and Control in the Qing Dynasty

Copying,compiling,publishing,disseminating,and referencing anti-epidemic books of medical formularies were common activities during the outbreak of epidemics in the Qing dynasty.Its emergence,motivated by epidemic disease again and again,was important component parts of epidemic prevention and control.They played a unique role as media on affairs such as treating patients suffering from infectious diseases,mobilizing peoples to make contributions to anti-epidemic activities,integrating and popularizing knowledge of epidemic prevention.Anti-epidemic books of medical formularies were important to link peoples,things,and substances related with epidemic prevention and control,and were a kind of motivation to actively deal with the infectious disease,control the epidemic,and maintain health.Compared to other common measures,anti-epidemic books of medical formularies participated in many prevention and control practices deeply,which actually built a low cost,spontaneous,dispersed and non-institutional system to respond to epidemic,and the system had characteristics of stronger conductibility,bigger coverage area,and better external benefits.

Hydrogeological Hazards and Control Measures in Engineering Geological Exploration

For engineering geological investigation, hydrographic surveys are particularly important. By operating the equipment, relevant technicians analyze hydrogeological data around the project. A series of corresponding measures were taken to ensure the smooth completion of the project. However, due to the inadequate completion of hydrogeological survey work, it has great harm to the later stage of engineering work, and even will lead to the final failure of the project. Based on this, this paper explores the hazards and prevention measures of hydrogeology in engineering surveys.

Jordanian Nurses’ Knowledge of Preventing Surgical Site Infections in Acute Care Settings

Background: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections, its account for up to 16% of all healthcare-associated infections worldwide. The SSIs can contribute to post-operative morbidity, prolonged recovery, delayed discharge and increasing cost. Nurses’ knowledge of the evidence-based recommendations is necessary to provide high-quality nursing care. Aims: To assess the level of Jordanian nurses’ knowledge regarding evidence based guidelines for the prevention of SSIs, to describe the relationship between nurses’ knowledge and selected sociodemographics, to examine the differences in nurses’ knowledge with respect to selected dichotomized variables, and to identify the most significant predictors of Jordanian nurses’ knowledge regarding evidence based guidelines for the prevention of SSIs. Design: Cross-sectional design. Sample: Two hundred registered nurses at four targeted hospitals were recruited conveniently. Results: The mean of the total knowledge scores of the sample was 3.28 out of nine (SD = 1.72, range = 0 - 7), the median was 3 out of nine. There were a statistically significant correlation between all tested continuous sociodemographics variables and the total knowledge score (p > 0.05). There is a significant difference in nurses’ knowledge between those who are attending to special surgical related training course and who are not. The most significant predictors of Jordanian nurses’ knowledge were: the number of credit hours attended by nurses for surgical-related training courses and the total years of work experience in nursing. These variables explained 16.7% of variance. Conclusion: The results of this study shed light on the obstacles that hampers the Jordanian nurses’ knowledge regarding evidence based guidelines for the prevention of SSIs in acute care settings. However, the successful implementation of infection control measures, particularly SSIs prevention measures, and well-structured continuing education programs are considered as a substantial element that would improve nurses’ knowledge.

Investigation and analysis of the biosafety awareness of laboratory staff involved in the detection of pathogens in seven provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in China

This study aims to evaluate the biosafety awareness of laboratory staff working on pathogens detection in seven Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and support these staff's biosafety management and training.A total of 208 laboratory staff from seven provincial CDCs were chosen by stratified random sampling to undergo a self-administered questionnaire survey.The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0.The overall average biosafety awareness of the CDC laboratory staff involved in pathogen detection was 82.5 points.The average biosafety awareness score was the highest in health monitoring(92.63 points)and the lowest in risk assessment and control(41.6 points).Among the seven provincial CDCs,the Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention laboratory staff showed the lowest average biosafety awareness score(74.3 points).The team who worked for 5–14 years were more likely to score above the passing score(≥88 points;corrected OR 0.400,95%CI:0.168–0.951)than the staff with less than five years of work experience.In addition,the mid-level and junior-level staff,as well as the lower position ones were more likely to score below the passing score(<88 points;junior level and lower:corrected OR 3.473,95%CI:1.028–11.737;mid-level:corrected OR 2.797,95%CI:1.027–7.618)compared with the senior-level staff.Among the surveyed team,66.3%identified a lack of specific funds related to work,61.5%identified a lack of designated personnel for the laboratory biosafety management.The biosafety awareness in CDC laboratory staff involved in pathogen detection is low,especially regarding risk assessment and control.The biosafety awareness in Guizhou and Guangxi Provincial CDC laboratory staff is also low.Laboratory funding,job title,and years of experience in a laboratory influence biosafety awareness in CDC laboratory staff.The biosafety knowledge,education,and training of CDC laboratory staff involved in pathogen detection need to improve by paying attention to the content and coverage of biosafety training,exploring new training modalities,and increasing funding for activities related to biosafety in CDC.

Study on the Effects of Infant Fostering Interventions in Xuhui District,Shanghai

Objective To assess the effects of fostering interventions on the infants and their families through the community. Methods A total of 309 infants born on 1st August, 2003 to 30th August, 2004 and their families were recruited as participants by cluster sampling in Longhua and Kantian sub-districts of Xuhui district, Shanghai. The newborns were randomly assigned to intervention group （156 cases） and control group （153 cases）. The infants and their families will be followed up during 3-year interventions. Results After 6 months＇ intervention, the proportion of infants who could turn over the body in the intervention group （88.46%） was higher than that in control group （75.16%）. The morbidity of upper-respiratory tract infection in intervention group （20.51%） was significantly lower than that in control group （32.68%）. The incidence rates of pneumonia, diarrhea and anemia in intervention group were all lower than that in control group, except for pneumonia, the differences were not significant. Both of the knowledge about how to foster infants and service utility in intervention group were higher than that in control group. Conclusion The fostering interventions through the community promote the prevention and control of infants disease, increase the knowledge level and service util ity of families.

一种煤矿顶板灾害防治知识图谱构建方法

目前煤矿顶板灾害防治措施决策及事故原因分析等过程主要依赖人工经验,智能化水平较低。顶板灾害防治知识图谱可整合顶板灾害防治知识和经验,辅助顶板灾害事故原因分析和顶板灾害防治措施决策。提出了一种煤矿顶板灾害防治知识图谱构建方法。采用本体方法完成煤矿顶板灾害防治知识建模,将顶板灾害防治领域的概念分为矿井地质类、开采技术类、防治措施类和事故表征类,将概念之间的关系定义为使用、引发、易发、治理、预防和适用,为煤矿顶板灾害防治知识抽取(实体抽取和关系抽取)奠定基础;结合煤矿顶板灾害防治领域文本存在大量嵌套实体和关系之间存在实体重叠的特点,确定了基于跨度的实体抽取方法和基于依存句法树引导实体表示的关系抽取方法;构建了顶板灾害防治领域语料库,采用Neo4j图数据库存储数据,为顶板灾害防治知识图谱的应用提供数据来源支撑;展示了煤矿顶板灾害防治知识图谱局部构建结果,说明该知识图谱可辅助顶板灾害事故原因分析和防治措施决策,从而提高顶板管理的智能化水平;指出基于该知识图谱,结合自然语言处理和知识推理等技术,可实现顶板管理知识问答。

分层次教学培训对护士医院感染防控知识掌握水平及管理质量的影响

目的探讨和分析分层次教学培训对护士医院感染防控知识掌握水平及管理质量的影响和改善效果。方法选择安徽医科大学第二附属医院402名护士作为研究对象,于2023年3月1日—7月31日开展分层次教学培训,采用回顾性分析,对是否担任过医院感染管控护士的护士知识掌握程度、培训前后护士医院感染防控知识掌握水平和医院感染管理质量进行比较与分析。结果担任过医院感染管控护士的护士医院感染防控知识掌握评分高于未担任过的护士,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。培训后,护士在医院感染管理规范、诊疗器械处理程序、医院感染概念、空气消毒方面的知识掌握评分高于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);护士在操作技能、应急能力、理论知识以及消毒管理方面的医院感染管理质量评分高于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论分层次教学培训的实施,显著提升了护士的医院感染防控知识掌握水平,同时也改善了医院感染管理质量。

采场全生命周期的矿压危害事件知识图谱表示方法研究

知识图谱是认知智能研究不可或缺的组成部分。针对采场矿压危害事件传统分析方法对煤矿开采过程中应力时空演化过程及隐患演化与风险防控关系等表达存在不足的问题,本文基于采场全生命周期提出一种采场矿压危害事件知识图谱表示方法:首先,从地质灾害的角度,分析采场应力及分布的动态特性,对矿压地质灾害中的各节点进行动态关联,提出顾及时空过程的采场矿压地质灾害知识图谱表示方法。其次,从事故的角度,分析采场矿压事故隐患演化与风险防控过程,将隐患耦合演化与防治措施融入知识图谱表示模型中。最后,运用Neo4j构建矿压危害事件知识图谱。结果表明:依据该表示方法构建的知识图谱,不仅刻画了灾害事件中不同对象的时空演化过程,还描述了隐患耦合演化过程以及对应的风险防控措施,为采场矿压危害的防治提供了智能研究途径。

河南省牛羊规模场布鲁氏菌病感染情况调查

[目的]掌握河南省牛羊布鲁氏菌病流行情况,为牛羊布病防控和净化工作提供理论和科学依据。[方法]2022年对河南省168个场次的4 902头牛羊血清样品进行布病感染抗体检测,并按动物种类、场点类别等对检测结果进行统计分析。[结果]2022年河南省牛羊布病感染抗体平均场群阳性率为5.36%,平均个体阳性率为0.47%;牛布病感染抗体场群阳性率为3.61%,个体阳性率为0.24%;羊场群阳性率为7.06%,个体阳性率为0.71%;阳性样品均来自商品代养殖场(户),种畜场、屠宰场无阳性样品检出。[结论]河南省牛羊布病流行情况整体处于可控水平,种畜场布病净化工作取得了一定成效,随着牛羊养殖规模化程度的提升,当前牛羊布病防控的重点在于商品代规模场(户),应依据调查结果,结合场群实际,进一步完善和推进布病净化工作。

基于CiteSpace的国内冲击地压防治文献可视化知识图谱分析

为探究我国冲击地压防治领域的研究历程及进展,采用CiteSpace软件对1994—2023年间收录于CNKI数据库的2891篇该领域研究文献进行可视化知识图谱分析。首先探明文献在时间轴及发表期刊的分布情况,然后针对研究机构和研究人员进行共现分析,最后通过关键词的聚类、共现和突现分析,对国内冲击地压防治领域的研究文献进行分析总结。研究结果表明:我国冲击地压防治研究发展历程,可按时间划分为稳定发展期、爆发增长期和持续波动期;以《煤炭学报》《煤矿安全》《煤炭科学技术》《采矿与安全工程学报》等期刊为主要交流平台;主要研究力量包括窦林名、潘一山、姜福兴等核心作者团队及中国矿业大学、辽宁工程技术大学、煤炭科学研究总院有限公司等研究机构,且组织之间合作较频繁;“厚硬顶板、动静载、巨厚砾岩、能量耗散、围岩协同控制、水力压裂”等是研究领域的高频关键词;根据关键词突现,得到随时间变化的关键词演化图谱。研究结果以期为冲击地压防治领域的研究提供科学参考。

怀化市森林、草原、湿地生态系统外来入侵物种调查结果与防控策略

[目的]本研究旨在调查怀化市森林、草原、湿地生态系统中外来入侵物种的现状,为制定有效的防控策略提供基础数据,以保护该地生态安全和生物安全。[方法]通过对怀化市林草湿外来入侵物种进行全面普查,我们初步摸清了外来物种的入侵现状。普查范围覆盖全市,涉及多种生态类型,包括植物、病原微生物、昆虫、无脊椎动物和脊椎动物等。[结果]普查结果显示,怀化市共发现95种外来入侵物种。其中,植物类外来入侵物种有85种,病原微生物1种,昆虫1种,无脊椎动物2种,以及脊椎动物6种。在这些物种中,有21种属于重点管理外来入侵物种,如松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)和加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis)等。[结论]基于本次普查结果,我们提出了一系列防控对策,包括强化常态化监测、加强重点管理外来入侵物种的防控、科学治理和修复生态环境、充分利用调查成果、保障防控资金投入以及加强外来入侵物种危害性的宣传等。这些对策的实施将有助于减少外来入侵物种对怀化市生态系统的威胁,维护生态安全和生物安全。

健康教育在学校结核病防控中的价值研讨

目的研究学校结核病防控中应用健康教育的效果。方法于2021年1月—2022年12月时间段对某高中学校进行调查,选择该校三年级400名进行研究,其中1~5班采用常规校园疾病防控管理(200名),6~10班采用健康教育疾病防控管理模式(200名),观察指标为健康知识水平、防控措施落实情况、新发结核病发生情况。结果6~10班学生结核病防控知识高于1~5班学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);6~10班学生防控措施落实情况高于1~5班学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);6~10班学生新发结核病发生为0,低于1~5班学生3例(1.50%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);6~10班学生结核病主动汇报15例(7.50%),高于1~5班学生4例(2.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论学校结核病防治过程中采用健康教育模式可以提升学生的健康知识水平,强化结核病防治措施落实效果,有效预防新发结核病发生,并提高其主动汇报率,改善学生预后效果。

奶山羊伪结核病的流行病学调查及防控技术

奶山羊伪结核病是一种常见的慢性消耗性细菌性疾病,具有较高的发病率,羊感染后可造成较大的经济损失,需尽早发现积极治疗。奶山羊出现伪结核病的概率较高,羊感染后容易出现接触性传播,难以有效彻底清除,对奶山羊的经济价值危害较大。该文对奶山羊伪结核病的流行病学调查及防控技术进行总结分析,旨在为奶山羊伪结核病防控提供一定参考资料依据,进而制定科学的防控方法。

ICU护士血管导管相关感染预防与控制知识的现状调查

目的调查重症医学科(intensive care unit,ICU)护士血管导管相关感染(vessel catheter associated infection,VCAI)预防与控制知识的现状,为提高ICU护理质量提供改进依据。方法采用便利抽样方法,选取2022年11—12月厦门大学附属第一医院ICU 60名在职护士作为调查对象。采用一般资料调查表、VCAI预防与控制知识现状调查表和学习情况调查表对其进行调查,并调查2020—2022年ICU的VCAI发生率。结果60名护士VCAI预防与控制知识总得分为10~27分,平均(20.57±3.50)分,平均得分率为76.18%,处于中等水平,各维度知识掌握水平不等。2020年发生1例VCAI,发生率为3.19‰;2021年发生2例VCAI,发生率分别为2.52‰、2.91‰;2022年未发生VCAI。结论ICU护士对VCAI知识掌握程度处于中等水平,应进一步加强对护士相关知识的培训和考核,规范操作流程,提高ICU护理质量。

新时代下提升火灾事故调查处理效能的思考

为提升新时代下火灾事故调查处理效能,切实发挥火灾事故调查处理改进消防工作、提升火灾防控能力的重要作用,以新时代火灾事故调查处理工作为研究背景,重点阐述了新时代组织火灾事故调查处理工作的重大意义和面临的新形势新要求,指出了当前工作中存在的问题和面临的挑战,并针对性提出了加强和改进的路径方法,旨在切实提升火灾事故调查处理的能力和水平,更好地服务社会建设和经济发展。

基于服务接触理论的流行病学调查服务设计

本文对现有流行病学调查服务进行优化设计,提升流行病学调查的工作效率,以提高患者满意度。运用“专家访谈法”和“田野调查法”分析国内现有流行病学调查的现状,并且运用服务接触理论对国内医院流行病学调查的服务流程和服务接触点的现状进行梳理,对流行病学调查的服务接触流程及服务接触点进行优化。获得流行病学调查的流程优化设计方案和服务接触点的设计方案。通过设计实践探究了发热门诊流行病学调查的服务接触优化设计路径,为国内医院的流行病学调查工作提供有益借鉴。

新疆维吾尔自治区某医学高校临床医学定向生包虫病防治知识情况调查分析

目的了解新疆维吾尔自治区某医学高校临床医学定向生对包虫病相关政策、预防及医学救治知识的知晓情况,为提高地方病防治技能及开展精细化健康教育提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样法,共抽取392名临床医学定向专业学生进行问卷调查,运用多因素方差分析调查对象不同人口学特征与包虫病防治知识总得分的关系,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果包虫病相关政策知识平均知晓率为61.08%,平均得分为(4.27±0.41)分;包虫病预防知识平均知晓率为65.56%,平均得分为(4.59±0.44)分;包虫病医疗救治知识平均知率为51.62%,平均得分为(3.10±0.48)分;包虫病防治知识总知晓率为59.42%,平均得分为(11.97±3.44)。变量专业、年级、民族,对防治知识总得分有显著性影响。结论新疆维吾尔自治区某医学高校临床医学定向生包虫病防治知识总体知晓率偏低,应加强医疗救治方面的知识,并侧重相关政策知识的普及。

规范化护理管理在预防与控制医院感染中的应用

目的研究分析规范化护理管理在预防与控制医院感染中的应用效果。方法将100例在我院接受治疗的患者选为研究对象,时间选取范围为2021年3月至2022年3月,按照双盲法将患者分成两组,即参照组与观察组,每组患者各50例。参照组给予常规护理管理,观察组给予规范化护理管理,对两组医院感染发生率、心理状态、健康知识掌握情况、自护能力、护理满意度予以观察比较。结果相比于参照组,观察组医院感染发生率更低,组间具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在护理后,观察组心理状态各指标评分低于参照组(P<0.05)。观察组护理后医院感染知识、疾病知识、治疗与康复知识、护理管理知识评分高于参照组(P<0.05)。与参照组相比,观察组护理后自我概念、自护技能、自护责任感、健康知识评分更高,组间具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。针对护理满意度而言,观察组高于参照组(P<0.05)。结论规范化护理管理在预防与控制医院感染中的应用效果十分明显,能够有效降低医院感染发生率,改善患者心理状态,增加患者对健康知识的了解,提高患者自护能力与护理满意度,具有非常高的应用价值。

某市三甲医院2020—2022年医院感染调查与分析

目的回顾调查清远市人民医院2020年1月—2022年12月医院感染的基本情况,分析该院医院感染现状,并对此提出有效的院感防控措施。方法采取回顾性调查方法,选取清远市人民医院2020年1月—2022年12月医院感染相关数据进行统计分析。结果2020、2021、2022年感染例次分别为875、611、304例次,例次感染率分别为1.13%、0.71%、0.38%,总例次感染率为0.73%;医院感染率分别为1.05%、0.66%、0.36%,3年间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。感染部位以下呼吸道感染构成比最高,其次为泌尿系统感染、上呼吸道感染。2020、2021年医院感染发生率最高的科室依次为重症医学科、脑科病区、骨科病区,2022年医院感染发生率最高的科室依次为脑科病区、重症医学科、妇科病区。检出病原菌897株,以革兰阴性菌为主,构成比为62.99%。结论该院2020—2022年住院患者医院感染率在控制指标范围内,虽然较低,但仍应加强对高发科室的目标性监测、高危人群的预防及医护人员的相关培训以控制医院感染的发生。