Screening of Bioflocculant-Producing Strain by Ion Implantation and Flocculating Characteristics of Bioflocculants

A bioflocculant-producing mutator strain, NIM-192, was screened out through nitrogen ion implanting into F J-7 strain. The results showed that NIM-192 had good genetic stability and high flocculating activity, and the flocculating rate increased by 34.26% than that of the original. Sucrose, complex nitrogen source contained yeast extract, urea and pH 7.0～ 9.0 were chosen as the best carbon source, nitrogen source and initial solution pH for bioflocculant production, respectively. The bioflocculant kept high and stable flocculating activity at alkalinous reaction mixture with a pH beyond 7.0, while the flocculating activity was remarkably reduced when the reaction pH was lower than 7.0. Addition of many cations could obviously increase the flocculating rate, among which Ca^2＋ demonstrated the best effect. The bioflocculant had very strong acid-base stability and thermo-stability.The flocculating rate kept over 86% when pH of the bioflocculant was in a range of 3.0 ～ 12.0, and the change of flocculating activity was not great when heated at 100℃ for 60 rain.

Biological effects of low-energy C ion implantation on sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)

Field cultivation experiments on white sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)seeds implanted with low-energy C ion showed that different dosages of C ion implantation pro-duce different biological effects.Sesame plants in 6 different dosage groups with C ion density respectively at 1×10^(11),1×10^(12),1×10^(15),5×10^(15),1×10^(16),5×10^(16)ion/cm2 were superior to the control group in plant height,leaf number,stalk diameter and leaf size.Further,sesame plants in these groups flower and seed earlier than those in the control group,and single plant yield also increased.Of all the groups,the 5×10^(15)ion/cm2 dosage group yielded the best effect,whereas the 1×10^(17)/cm^(2)dosage group showed an evident inhibitory effect of ion implantation on the germination and growth of the sesame seeds.

Biological effects of implantation and penetration of nitrogenion beams on wheat seeds

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Biological Effects of Sunflower Seeds Implanted by Carbon Ion

[ Objective ] This study aimed to investigate the effects of carbon ion implantation and implantation times on growth and genetic variation of sunflowers. [ Method] Carbon ions were implanted into Bakui 138, Bakui i36 and Bakui 118 seeds at dose of 5 - 10is C/cm2, before they were planted. Their Fl-generation seeds were irradiated again. Seeds of the both generations were planted and the growth d the seedlings was observed in field tests. Finally, their genetic variation was analyzed through RAPD. [ Result] The germination rate and several agronomic traits like plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and yields of Bakui 138 of once-irradiated group were significantly improved, while that of twice-irradiated group showed opposite trend. The variation of Bakui 136 and Bakui 118 was insig- nificant. At the molecular level, the genetic distance with the control group of once and twice-irradiated groups was 0. 111 1, 0. 108 7 in Bakui 138; 0. 068 O, O. 030 3 in Bakui 136 and 0.062 5,0.043 5 in Bakui 118. [Conclusion] Carbon ion implantation had a significant effect on the growth and development of Bakui 138, and the effect varied with irradiation times. Moreover, it caused genomic variation in the three sunflower cuhivars.

Mutagenic Effects of BM302:GO112 Induced by Low-Energy Ion Beam Implantation

Mutant strains of GO112 and BM302 with a high 2-keto-L-gulonic acid （2KLG） transformation rate induced by ion beam implantation were separately and combinatorially compared with the original strains GO29 and BM80 to study the mutagenic effects of ion beam implantation. Both the sole GOl12 and mixed BM302：GOl12 demonstrated improved SNDH activity and 2KLG yield compared to the original strains. The mutant combinations of BM302：GOl12 showed a longer stationary phase and higher biomass than BM80：GO29. The mutant BM302 exhibited a stronger capacity to maintain a stable pH environment at mixed fermentation with Gluconobacter oxydans （G. oxydans） for 2KLG transformation and facilitated the growth of G. oxydans compared with the original strain BM80. The promotive capacity to L-sorbosone dehydrogenase （L-SNDH） from the supernate of BM302 was 1.6-fold higher than that of BM80. Genes encoded SNDH in GO29 and GOl12 were amplified and sequenced, and mutations including three transitions （CG →TA, CG →TA, GC → AT） and one transversion （AT→ TA） were confirmed from GO29 to GOl12. The corresponding amino acid was changed as Leu →Phe, Arg → Gln and Asn → Lys.

A Mutant of Bacillus Subtilis with High-Producing Surfactin by Ion Beam Implantation

In order to generate a mutant of Bacillus subtilis with enhanced surface activity through low energy nitrogen ion beam implantation, the effects of energy and dose of ions implanted were studied. The morphological changes in the bacteria were observed by scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The optimum condition of ions implantation, 20 keV of energy and 2.6 × 10^15N^＋/cm^2 in dose, was determined. A mutant, B.s-E-8 was obtained, whose surface activity of 50-fold and 100-fold diluted cell-free Landy medium was as 5.6-fold and 17.4-fold as the wild strain. The microbial growth and biosurfactant production of both the mutant and the wild strain were compared. After purified by ultrafiltration and SOURCE 15PHE, the biosurfactant was determined to be a complex of surfactin family through analysis of electrospray ionization mass spectrum （ESI/MS） and there was an interesting finding that after the ion beam implantation the intensities of the components were different from the wild type strain.

离子束用于诱变育种的研究进展

本文对离子注入的特点、诱变的机理、引起的生物学效应以及与传统辐射诱变效应异同进行了概述。对离子束生物技术与传统辐射诱变技术在作物育种中的应用做了比较分析 ,展望了离子束的应用前景。

低能离子注入在Vc高产菌株选育中的应用

对低能离子注入 Ｖｃ 生产菌的诱变效应进行研究。结果表明，离子注入 Ｖｃ 生产菌能获得较高的突变率和较广 的突变谱。比较了 Ｈ＋ 、 Ｎ＋ 、 Ａｒ＋ 注入 Ｖｃ 生产菌的差异，确定了最佳诱变剂量。由此筛选出４ 株 Ｖｃ高产菌，其糖酸克分子转化率达 ９４％ 。目前已通过工业生产试验，并为企业带来显著的经济效益，同时也为工业微生物的选育提供了一条全新的途径。

离子注入在生命科学中的应用研究

本文概述了近十几年来离子注入技术在机理研究。

N^+离子注入阿维拉霉素产生菌诱变效应的研究

选用低能(30keV)N+离子注入阿维拉霉素产生菌SV-56,研究其诱变效应。试验结果表明:SV-56菌株存活率曲线是典型的“马鞍型”剂量-效应曲线,“马鞍型”区域内具有高的正突变率(20．9％-26．2％)。通过5×1015cm-2N+注入诱变处理、链霉素抗性筛选,最终获得一株稳定性良好、阿维拉霉素产量稳定在79．6-82．9 mg·L-1之间、较出发菌株提高41．4％-47．2％的突变株SVN-116。

离子注入对小麦生长发育的效应

本文就离子注入对不同小麦品系出苗、苗期性状及植株生长发育的诱变效应进行了研究。结果表明,离子注入小麦种子后,对三个品系的效应有所不同,其半致死剂量约在60—80次之间。

氮离子注入生物絮凝剂产生菌的诱变效应研究

采用30keV氮离子注入对生物絮凝剂产生菌进行诱变选育,研究低能氮离子对微生物的诱变效应。结果表明:FJ-7菌株的存活率曲线为典型的"马鞍型"剂量-效应曲线。经5×1015ions·cm-2N+注入诱变处理,最终获得一株絮凝活性高、遗传稳定性良好的突变株NIM-192。其发酵产絮凝剂曲线表明,突变株NIM-192的菌体生长速度稍慢于原始菌株,但其絮凝活性一直高于原始菌株,絮凝率比原始菌株提高了34.26%。这很可能是离子注入菌体后所产生的生物学效应使得菌体合成更多的絮凝剂,导致絮凝活性的增强。

离子注入技术及其在小麦育种中的应用

离子注入是一种新的诱变技术,已在作物诱变育种中发挥了重要作用。本文对离子注入引起变异的诱变机理及由此引起的生物体在生理生化、细胞学、分子遗传学等方面产生的各种生物效应进行了综述,同时对离子注入技术在小麦新品种选育、新种质创造以及介导外源基因导入等方面的应用做了分析,并对离子注入改良小麦的发展前景作了展望。

离子注入在棉花育种中的诱变功效

分析了在棉花离子注入育种中出现的各种有用变异，包括早熟性、株型、主茎高度和粗细，以及陆地棉与海岛棉种间杂种出现的性状稳定加快现象。

工业微生物物理诱变育种技术的新进展

物理诱变技术是当今工业微生物育种中最重要、最有效的技术之一。传统的物理诱变技术主要有紫外线、X射线、γ射线诱变等,它们已在包括青霉素、"-淀粉酶等几乎所有的工业微生物菌种的诱变选育中发挥了巨大的作用。多数菌株在多次重复使用传统诱变源时往往出现抗性饱和的现象。太空环境、离子束、激光等是20世纪70～80年代逐渐兴起的新型诱变技术,因它们具有诱变谱广和在一定程度上能克服菌株对传统诱变源的抗性饱和等优点,而广受工业微生物育种工作者的欢迎。现就空间、离子束、激光等诱变育种技术的作用特点、诱变机理、应用及前景进行阐述。

不同能区重离子束在小麦育种上的比较研究

介绍了三个不同能区的重离子用于小麦育种的室内实验方法和大田培育情况,并对半致死剂量、细胞学观察和育种情况分别给出了初步结果:最后探讨了三种不同能区的重离了在作物育种上的诱变机理.

离子束生物技术在生命科学中的应用

我国科学家80年代发现了离子注入的生物效应,并将这一原理应用于诱变育种。本文介绍了离子束生物技术及原理,低能离子束注入生物学效应的研究,离子束生物技术在新疆的应用和发展。

离子注入小麦诱变育种及生物效应的研究 I、对出苗及苗期性状的影响

本文就离子注入不同小麦品系对出苗及苗期性状的诱变效应进行了研究.结果表明,离子注入小麦干种子后,对三个品系的效应有所不同,其半致死剂量约在60至80次之间.

航天诱变技术在小麦育种上的应用

航天诱变是利用微重力、强辐射、超低温等空间特殊环境诱变植物种子或离体组织,获得有益突变体,进而选育植物新品种或创制优异育种材料和基因资源的技术。本文综述了航天育种的概念、发展历程以及在小麦育种方面取得的成就,重点介绍了近年来在航天诱变对小麦重要农艺性状的影响以及航天诱变的遗传机制等方面的研究工作,并据此探讨了航天诱变研究中存在的问题及今后可能的研究方向和应用前景,旨在为我国小麦航天育种研究提供一定的理论参考。

离子注入在番茄育种中的诱变功效

对番茄N+ 注入诱变效应进行了研究。结果表明,N+ 离子注入对番茄单果重、座果数等性状变幅大且变异率高;而对发芽率和果实的品质性状影响较小。以4×1016 / cm2 和6×1016 / cm2剂量处理,产量提高明显。不同品系、不同性状的最佳诱变剂量略有不同。