At UTC 2017-11-12 18:18:17,an Mw7.3 earthquake occurred at the border between Iran and Iraq(location 34.886°N,45.941°E,depth 23 km according to USGS).We carried out focal mechanism and rupture process studie...At UTC 2017-11-12 18:18:17,an Mw7.3 earthquake occurred at the border between Iran and Iraq(location 34.886°N,45.941°E,depth 23 km according to USGS).We carried out focal mechanism and rupture process studies with the data from IRIS data center,using 26 far-field P-waveforms and 25 SH-waveforms with high S/N ratio and relatively even azimuth coverage(epicentral distance)in a point source model to invert for the focal mechanism solution;the result(Figure1)was used to construct a finite fault model for rupture process inversion(Yao and Ji,1997;Wang et al.,2008),resulting in a preliminary slip distribution of this earthquake(Figures 2-4).The calculated seismic moment is 1.1×1020 N·m,Mw=7.3.The maximum slip is about 700 cm.展开更多
Objective: To study earthquake planning and crisis management with an emphasis on the facilities, utilities, and services of the health care centers of Tiran and Karvan County, Isfahan Province. Methods: This is a des...Objective: To study earthquake planning and crisis management with an emphasis on the facilities, utilities, and services of the health care centers of Tiran and Karvan County, Isfahan Province. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical survey based on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Tiran and Karvan County Health Care Centers(HCCs). Twenty quantitative and qualitative indicators were derived from the studied HCCs and analyzed using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis technique. The top crisis management strategies were identified and a number of strategies and solutions were proposed. Results: The HCC utilities such as water, electricity, gas, and heating and cooling systems were in average condition, whereas the facilities of the majority of HCCs were in vulnerable-to-average condition. In addition, they sustained relatively high degree of instability which calls for reassessment and effective policies to minimize weaknesses and eliminate threats using strengths and opportunities. Conclusions: It is recommended that the condition of Tiran and Karvan County HCCs be enhanced by distributing new HCCs based on the population density, expanding the road network and creating vast, wide-open spaces to enable field hospital construction in times of crisis.展开更多
Persian territory,which is dividable into major seismotectonic provinces,always suffers from damages of moderate and large earthquakes from ancient era to modern time.Therefore,temporal prediction of earthquake occurr...Persian territory,which is dividable into major seismotectonic provinces,always suffers from damages of moderate and large earthquakes from ancient era to modern time.Therefore,temporal prediction of earthquake occurrence in this kind of area is an important topic.For this purpose,628 moderate-large(5.5≤MS≤8.2)earthquakes occurred in Persia during the period from 400 B.C.to 2015 C.E.were used.Considering the magnitudes of events preceding main shocks and the annual seismic moment release in seismic source areas in the provinces,we calibrated equations predicting inter-event time of occurrence of moderate and large earthquakes(MW>5.5)in Iran.In each source area,inter-event times between moderate and large shocks with magnitudes equal to or larger than a certain cut-off magnitude(MW5.5)were calculated.The inter-event times between the earthquakes were used to compute the relationships using multiple regression technique.Calculated relationships express the basic idea of the time predictable model predicting the occurrence time of the future main shock in a certain seismogen area.However,despite of unavoidable scatter in observations and uncertainties in the results,occurrence times of main shocks during the next years and decades in some source areas in Iran were determined.展开更多
An efficient procedure is used for explicit description and evaluation of uncertainty of earthquake parameters in the uniform catalog of earthquakes in Iran and neighboring regions.An inadequate number of local and re...An efficient procedure is used for explicit description and evaluation of uncertainty of earthquake parameters in the uniform catalog of earthquakes in Iran and neighboring regions.An inadequate number of local and regional seismographic stations,poor station distribution,and Inadequacy of velocity models have resulted in conspicuous uncertainty in different parameters of recorded events.In a comprehensive seismic hazard analysis such uncertainties should be considered.Uncertainty of magnitude and location of events are evaluated for three different time periods,namely,historical,early instrumental,and modern instrumental time periods,for which existing seismological information differ widely in quantity,quality,and type.It is concluded that an uncertainty of 0.2-0.3 units of magnitude and 10-15 km in epicenter determinations should be considered in the most favorable conditions.None of the hypocenters of earthquakes in Iran can be considered as reliable,unless supported by other information such as展开更多
This article addresses three large earthquake disasters in Iran: Tabas in 1978, Rudbar in 1990, and Bam in 2003. Lessons and 'Lessons Learned' from these three earthquake disasters were investigated together w...This article addresses three large earthquake disasters in Iran: Tabas in 1978, Rudbar in 1990, and Bam in 2003. Lessons and 'Lessons Learned' from these three earthquake disasters were investigated together with their contributions over time towards earthquake disaster risk reduction in Iran. Many lessons from 1978 Tabas, 1990 Rudbar, and 2003 Bam did not become 'Lessons Learned' and they were identified again within the dramatic context of other earthquake disasters in various places of Iran. Both lessons and 'Lessons Learned' from Tabas, Rudbar, Bam,and other earthquake disasters in Iran require a sustainable long-term framework—an earthquake culture.展开更多
[提示]2003年12月30日,伊朗内政部官员30日向媒体表示,根据伊朗有关方面目前的估计,2003年12月26日凌晨发生的伊朗巴姆大地震所造成的死亡人数可能会"达到约5万"。而几天之前发生在美国加州的同样级别的地震,其死亡人数仅2人...[提示]2003年12月30日,伊朗内政部官员30日向媒体表示,根据伊朗有关方面目前的估计,2003年12月26日凌晨发生的伊朗巴姆大地震所造成的死亡人数可能会"达到约5万"。而几天之前发生在美国加州的同样级别的地震,其死亡人数仅2人。这是为什么?本文作了详实分析。其中原因之一是:…somebuilders disregarded the codes to make bigger profits.这使我们想起了不久前湖南衡阳火灾发生的悲剧。本文的表达不乏可圈可点之处,如:quake-prone(易发生地震的)Italy／the building will give(塌陷)展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 41630210 and 41474036)
文摘At UTC 2017-11-12 18:18:17,an Mw7.3 earthquake occurred at the border between Iran and Iraq(location 34.886°N,45.941°E,depth 23 km according to USGS).We carried out focal mechanism and rupture process studies with the data from IRIS data center,using 26 far-field P-waveforms and 25 SH-waveforms with high S/N ratio and relatively even azimuth coverage(epicentral distance)in a point source model to invert for the focal mechanism solution;the result(Figure1)was used to construct a finite fault model for rupture process inversion(Yao and Ji,1997;Wang et al.,2008),resulting in a preliminary slip distribution of this earthquake(Figures 2-4).The calculated seismic moment is 1.1×1020 N·m,Mw=7.3.The maximum slip is about 700 cm.
文摘Objective: To study earthquake planning and crisis management with an emphasis on the facilities, utilities, and services of the health care centers of Tiran and Karvan County, Isfahan Province. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical survey based on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Tiran and Karvan County Health Care Centers(HCCs). Twenty quantitative and qualitative indicators were derived from the studied HCCs and analyzed using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis technique. The top crisis management strategies were identified and a number of strategies and solutions were proposed. Results: The HCC utilities such as water, electricity, gas, and heating and cooling systems were in average condition, whereas the facilities of the majority of HCCs were in vulnerable-to-average condition. In addition, they sustained relatively high degree of instability which calls for reassessment and effective policies to minimize weaknesses and eliminate threats using strengths and opportunities. Conclusions: It is recommended that the condition of Tiran and Karvan County HCCs be enhanced by distributing new HCCs based on the population density, expanding the road network and creating vast, wide-open spaces to enable field hospital construction in times of crisis.
文摘Persian territory,which is dividable into major seismotectonic provinces,always suffers from damages of moderate and large earthquakes from ancient era to modern time.Therefore,temporal prediction of earthquake occurrence in this kind of area is an important topic.For this purpose,628 moderate-large(5.5≤MS≤8.2)earthquakes occurred in Persia during the period from 400 B.C.to 2015 C.E.were used.Considering the magnitudes of events preceding main shocks and the annual seismic moment release in seismic source areas in the provinces,we calibrated equations predicting inter-event time of occurrence of moderate and large earthquakes(MW>5.5)in Iran.In each source area,inter-event times between moderate and large shocks with magnitudes equal to or larger than a certain cut-off magnitude(MW5.5)were calculated.The inter-event times between the earthquakes were used to compute the relationships using multiple regression technique.Calculated relationships express the basic idea of the time predictable model predicting the occurrence time of the future main shock in a certain seismogen area.However,despite of unavoidable scatter in observations and uncertainties in the results,occurrence times of main shocks during the next years and decades in some source areas in Iran were determined.
文摘An efficient procedure is used for explicit description and evaluation of uncertainty of earthquake parameters in the uniform catalog of earthquakes in Iran and neighboring regions.An inadequate number of local and regional seismographic stations,poor station distribution,and Inadequacy of velocity models have resulted in conspicuous uncertainty in different parameters of recorded events.In a comprehensive seismic hazard analysis such uncertainties should be considered.Uncertainty of magnitude and location of events are evaluated for three different time periods,namely,historical,early instrumental,and modern instrumental time periods,for which existing seismological information differ widely in quantity,quality,and type.It is concluded that an uncertainty of 0.2-0.3 units of magnitude and 10-15 km in epicenter determinations should be considered in the most favorable conditions.None of the hypocenters of earthquakes in Iran can be considered as reliable,unless supported by other information such as
基金financial support from the International Centre for Geohazards (ICG)/ Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Oslo, Norway for the research and field trips to Iran
文摘This article addresses three large earthquake disasters in Iran: Tabas in 1978, Rudbar in 1990, and Bam in 2003. Lessons and 'Lessons Learned' from these three earthquake disasters were investigated together with their contributions over time towards earthquake disaster risk reduction in Iran. Many lessons from 1978 Tabas, 1990 Rudbar, and 2003 Bam did not become 'Lessons Learned' and they were identified again within the dramatic context of other earthquake disasters in various places of Iran. Both lessons and 'Lessons Learned' from Tabas, Rudbar, Bam,and other earthquake disasters in Iran require a sustainable long-term framework—an earthquake culture.
文摘[提示]2003年12月30日,伊朗内政部官员30日向媒体表示,根据伊朗有关方面目前的估计,2003年12月26日凌晨发生的伊朗巴姆大地震所造成的死亡人数可能会"达到约5万"。而几天之前发生在美国加州的同样级别的地震,其死亡人数仅2人。这是为什么?本文作了详实分析。其中原因之一是:…somebuilders disregarded the codes to make bigger profits.这使我们想起了不久前湖南衡阳火灾发生的悲剧。本文的表达不乏可圈可点之处,如:quake-prone(易发生地震的)Italy／the building will give(塌陷)
