Telecommunications Market and Regulation in India and Ireland

Information and communications technology is apillar industry in India and Ireland,playing an increasinglyimportant role in promoting the economicand social development.Full market competitionpromotes the rapid development of the telecommunicationsindustry.Effective market regulation andconstant legal system improvement can promote thesmooth development of the telecommunicationsindustry.Use of new technology promotes a sustainabledevelopment of the telecommunicationsindustry.It is proposed that the pace of telecommunicationslegislation in China should be furtherquickened,telecommunications market structureoptimized,and telecommunications regulationstrengthened.

Tranexamic acid for major trauma patients in Ireland

BACKGROUND:The Clinical Randomisation of an Anti-fibrinolytic in Significant Hemorrhage-2(CRASH-2)is the largest randomized control trial(RCT)examining circulatory resuscitation for trauma patients to date and concluded a statistically significant reduction in all-cause mortality in patients administered tranexamic acid(TXA)within 3 hours of injury.Since the publication of CRASH-2,significant geographical variance in the use of TXA for trauma patients exists.This study aims to assess TXA use for major trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock in Ireland after the publication of CRASH-2.METHODS:A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data derived from the Trauma Audit and Research Network(TARN).All injured patients in Ireland between January 2013 and December 2018 who had evidence of hemorrhagic shock on presentation(as defined by systolic blood pressure[SBP]<100 mmHg[1 mmHg=0.133 kPa]and administration of blood products)were eligible for inclusion.Death at hospital discharge was the primary outcome.RESULTS:During the study period,a total of 234 patients met the inclusion criteria.Among injured patients presenting with hemorrhagic shock,133(56.8%;95%confidence interval[CI]50.2%–63.3%)received TXA.Of patients that received TXA,a higher proportion of patients presented with shock index>1(70.68%vs.57.43%)and higher Injury Severity Score(ISS>25;49.62%vs.23.76%).Administration of TXA was not associated with mortality at hospital discharge(odds ratio[OR]0.86,95%CI 0.31–2.38).CONCLUSIONS:Among injured Irish patients presenting with hemorrhagic shock,TXA was administered to 56.8%of patients.Patients administered with TXA were on average more severely injured.However,a mortality benefit could not be demonstrated.

Ciba-Geigy支持BioResearch Ireland牛群管理方面的工作

Ciba-Geigy(瑞士)已与爱尔兰科技局(EOLAS)的一分支机构—BioResearch Ireland(爱尔兰)达成了一项协议。这项15万美元的援助协议将邦助BioResearch研究两种改善牛群管理的方法。第一个项目将着眼于免疫奶牛,刺激排卵,并由此提高双胞胎出生率。Glaxo(英国)早在五年前已在羊身上进行这项试验,并获得了成功。他们通过将蛋白质(白蛋白)与雄烯二酮(一种调节排卵的激素)混合,合成了一种抗原复合物。用这种复合物免疫母羊,便会产生可以与其自身存在的激素也能结合的抗体,从而阻断该激素的抑制作用。

A Toxicological Assessment of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Found in the BMW (Border, Midland and Western) Region of Ireland

A battery of tests was established to determine the oestrogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic potential of two categories of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), phthalates and alkylphenols. Diisononylphthalate (DINP), diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP), dibutylphthalate (DBP), diisododecylphthalate (DIDP) and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) were oestrogenic in the yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay and potently oestrogenic in the MVLN and E-SCREEN assays at environmentally relevant concentrations. DINP and 4-NP were mutagenic in the Ames assay and also induced significant levels of unscheduled DNA synthesis and DNA strand breakage. Significant induction in the percentage of cells containing micronuclei was observed after treatment with DINP, DEHP and 4-NP. In addition, sewage effluents from sewage treatment plants (STPs) in the Border, Midlands and Western (BMW) region of Ireland were significantly oestrogenic in the YES assay. Moreover, analysis of levels of phthalates and alkylphenol identified in Irish rivers receiving treated effluent showed potent oestrogenicity in the YES assay. The proliferative and genotoxic ability of the phthalates and alkylphenol, and the oestrogenicity of the treated effluents reported here, is significant as these EDCs and EDCs within the effluent may play a role in the etiology of human abnormalities.

The Potential Role of Smart Mobile Technology in Mitigating Ireland’s Tourism Biosecurity Risk

The use of smart mobile technology could potentially ease Ireland’s level of biosecurity risk from tourism. Smart mobile technology is capable of improving communication of biosecurity monitoring, mitigation, and eradication measures to tourists in Ireland. The scope of this research is to assess biosecurity communication from Ireland’s major ports, state agencies, and governing bodies involved in outdoor recreational activities. The aim of this paper is to assess Ireland’s biosecurity communication for any smart mobile technology in national agencies. A mixed method approach was utilised which consisted of content analysis as well as structured qualitative interviews. Analysis has revealed that no evidence of smart mobile technology for biosecurity communication is in place for tourists arriving in Ireland’s ports or in national agencies. The importance of timely communication of biosecurity measures and alerts seems to not have been recognised. The use of this technology could mitigate the risk of tourists vectoring dangerous microbes and aiding biological invasions. This paper concludes that a low emphasis on adopting smart mobile technology could be unnecessarily contributing to Ireland’s biosecurity risk. It offers an opportunity to be improved before a serious biosecurity breach occurs possibly resulting in a lost tourist season or expensive eradication programmes as has been witnessed in other destinations worldwide.

Architecture of deepwater turbidite lobes: A case study of Carboniferous turbidite outcrop in the Clare Basin, Ireland

Through lithofacies analysis and architecture anatomy of the Carboniferous Ross Sandstone turbidites outcropped at western Ireland,the depositional model of deepwater turbidite lobes is established.Seven types of lithofacies are recognized including goniatites-rich shale,laminated shale,laminated siltstone,massive sandstone,fine-medium sandstone with mud-clast,basal gravel,and chaotic mudstone,which can be subdivided into units of three origins,turbidite lobe,turbidite channel,and slide-slump;and four hierarchical levels,lobe complex,lobe,lobe element and single sandstone layer.The lobes show apparent compensational stacking pattern,lobe elements display typical thickening-upward cycles on vertical profile,and the higher the hierarchical level,the better the preservation of the hierarchical boundary is.In general,turbidite lobe deposits appear as tabular,parallel/sub-parallel sandstone and mudstone interbeds,and change from thick,massive sandstone in the proximal end to thinner sandstone and mudstone interbeds from axis to fringe,with the sand-shale ratio and degree of sandstone amalgamation decreasing.

Understanding·Friendship·Cooperation——Notes on the Visit of CAFIU Delegation to Britain,Ireland and Iceland

At the invitation of the 48 Group Club of Britain,the Institute of International&European Affairs(IIEA)of Ireland and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Iceland,a six-member delegation led by Mr.Ai Ping,Member of the National Committee of CPPCC and CAFIU VicePresident visited Britain,Ireland

The Thinking of Liang Qichao on Colonization Patterns of Ireland and Taiwan

After Sino-Japanese defeat, Taiwan became a Japanese colony. Liang closely watched the Japanese operating in Taiwan of all the trends, and had a deep thinking to get rid of Japanese rule in Taiwan viable path. He was about to emulate the Irish Anti-British model, through parliamentary struggle to make claim to get rid of colonial ruling in Taiwan. For Taiwan＇ s future, national movement had a profound impact. Because of this idea, Liang accumulated knowledge of the world, combined with the strength of Japan and Taiwan to compare the results of Taiwan＇ s colonial way of thinking, but he affected its overseas travel experience with his liberal political thought and constitutional doctrine of absolutism complement of each other.

The Third Space of Northern Ireland: An Analysis of Seamus Heaney’s Bog Poems from Postcolonial Theory

In the decade after 1969,Heaney reached the climax of his poetry composition,in which he published four volumes of poetry,Door into the Dark,Wintering Out,North and Field Work to explore the nature and origin of the hatred and violence in Northern Ireland.The thesis focuses on five representative bog poems written in the period to explain according to Homi K.Bhabha’s postcolonial theory how the bog bodies configurate the hybrid space and how it reflects the Third Space of Northern Ireland.Furthermore,the thesis argues that from the construction of the Third Space,Heaney achieves temporary harmony between his artistic and realistic responsibility.

Congratulatory Letter from Mr.Bertie Ahern,former Taoiseach of Ireland,Co-chair of the InterAction Council

In 776 BC,a cook named Coroebus of Elis became the first Olympic champion in ancient Greece when he won the foot-race known as the stadion.Since that time,sport has been one of the most exciting,enjoyable,and health promoting aspects of life.In Ireland,the entire country cheered when we won six medals at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.We take tremendous pride as a sporting nation with football,rugby。

Estimating the Level of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infections in Northern Ireland in 2020

The identification and understanding of COVID-19 potential routes of transmission are fundamental to informing policies and strategies to successfully control the outbreak. Various studies highlighted asymptomatic infections as one of the silent drivers of the epidemic. An accurate estimation of the asymptomatic cases and the understanding of their contribution to the spread of the disease could enhance the effectiveness of current control strategies, mainly based on the symptom onset, to curb transmission. We investigate the dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Northern Ireland during the period 1st March 25th to December 2020 to estimate the proportion of the asymptomatic infections in the country. We extended our previous model to include the stage of the asymptomatic infection, and we implement the corresponding deterministic model using a publicly available dataset. We partition the data into 11 sets over the period of study and fit the model parameters on the consecutive intervals using the cumulative number of confirmed positive cases for each interval. Moreover, we assess numerically the impacts of uncertainty in testing and we provide estimates of the reproduction numbers using the fitted parameters. We found that the proportion of asymptomatically infectious subpopulations, in Northern Ireland during the period of study, ranged between 5% and 25% of exposed individuals. Also, the estimate of the basic reproduction number, R0, is 3.3089. The lower and upper estimates for herd immunity are (0.6181, 0.7243) suggesting that around 70% of the population of Northern Ireland should acquire immunity via infection or vaccination, which is in line with estimates reported in other studies.

The Past and Present of Chinese Language Teaching in Ireland

China’s booming economy is indeed one of the main reasons for the popularity of learning Chinese as a foreign language(henceforth CFL).With this growing interest in CFL,Ireland is likely to be behind global trends as Chinese is not yet included as a State-examined subject at any level in the Irish schooling system.Chinese language teaching(henceforth CLT)began to develop significantly in formal UK schooling during 2004-2005(Zhang&Li,2010),whereas the earliest occurrence of CLT seen in the Irish education system was in 2006-2007 when two Confucius Institutes were set up in Ireland.During this time,Mandarin Chinese was also introduced first as a subject and later as a degree in some higher education institutions in Ireland.The current study reviews the past and present of CLT in Ireland at second and tertiary level.This information,together with survey data collected among approximately 3,700 students learning CFL in Irish schools as a subject not examined by the State,provides recommendations for a future State-examined CFL course to be introduced to Irish secondary schools.These recommendations include items such as contact hours,tasks,and content to be implemented in the classroom.Further recommendations are also supplied in relation to the bridging of secondary and tertiary-level CLT.These recommendations come in light of former Irish Minister for Education Richard Bruton's announcement that Chinese will be taught on the State-examined school curriculum as part of the Languages Connect strategy plan.

Coping With the Challenges of Interpreting the English Dialect in North⁃ern Ireland

Since English is a language with regional variations,interpreters would inevitably confront diversified dialects in prac⁃tice,which brings challenges to listening comprehension,information transmission and interpreters’attitude.Northern Irish Eng⁃lish sounds particularly unique due to special accents,grammar,and slangs.While complex factors have contributed to the differ⁃ences,it’s highly beneficial if interpreters are aware of the dialectical features and the ways to deal with the difficulties,in order to improve their performance.

体医融合路径创新:爱尔兰运动转诊实施的动因、经验与镜鉴

梳理爱尔兰运动转诊发展和实施经验,为我国体医融合提供路径创新及方法借鉴。采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法和归纳推理法,基于利益相关者理论,对爱尔兰《国家运动转诊框架》(NERF)指导下的运动转诊(PARS)实施进行系统分析。研究得出:利益相关方共同参与的顶层制度设计与实施原则,创新化的运营模式与多元利益主体监督体系,基于医疗保健的转诊路径设置,利益相关者协同参与的评估实施架构,是爱尔兰NERF指导下运动转诊(PARS)实施的核心。研究认为,我国体医融合路径创新可从4方面进行:(1)完善体医融合的多方参与制度体系,明确各参与主体利益共享;(2)构建多主体协作的运作模式,促进各利益主体权责共担;(3)设置分工明确的体医融合服务流程,增强过程的可操作性;(4)建立多方协同的体医融合评估架构,完善评价的科学性与有效性。

爱尔兰反欺凌行动计划与欺凌治理体系的构建

爱尔兰自2013年起实施的反欺凌行动计划构建了全员参与的校园欺凌治理体系,效果显著。其具体措施包括修订政策并开展反欺凌宣传、为相关人员提供教育与培训、评估与检查学校反欺凌举措和研究特定群体的反欺凌方案四个方面。这为我国中小学治理校园欺凌问题提供了以下启示:一是构建全员共同参与的校园欺凌治理体系,二是针对欺凌对象和形式研制多类治理方案,三是鼓励实施开展多样化反欺凌项目与活动,四是重塑学校文化氛围以防治校园欺凌行为。

“温莎框架”协议与英欧关系走向

自2021年1月脱欧过渡期结束以来,英国与欧盟在《北爱尔兰议定书》执行上龃龉不断,致使双边关系在约翰逊和特拉斯执政时期严重受困。苏纳克执政后,英国与欧盟通过积极谈判,最终达成“温莎框架”协议。该协议针对英国内部市场壁垒、北爱尔兰经济权利受损和民主赤字等问题提出了新举措。英国能够在较短时间内与欧盟就“温莎框架”协议达成共识,主要归功于苏纳克政府在谈判中展现出的妥协姿态,这一策略有效增进了英欧双方的政治互信。此外,北爱尔兰的政治与安全局势恶化以及在乌克兰危机背景下美国的积极介入,也是影响此次协议达成的重要外部因素。通过“温莎框架”协议,英欧双方的互信得到了显著提升,这对促进双方在防务、外交、金融和科学研究等多个领域的合作将产生积极影响。然而,脱欧后的英国与欧盟之间还未能恢复成熟的制度化合作关系。当前,由于海关检查设施建设的滞后、英国国内的政治分歧以及英欧监管体系的日益分化,协议中的新措施是否能够顺利实施、达到预期效果仍存疑问。因此,未来英欧关系的发展仍充满不确定性。

英国“脱欧”进程中北爱尔兰贸易问题的新进展

为解决北爱尔兰贸易问题,英国与欧盟在“脱欧”协议中特别制定了《北爱尔兰议定书》,协议虽然避免了在爱尔兰岛上设立“硬边界”,但是却冲击了北爱尔兰的经济,阻碍了英国境内的自由贸易流动,疏远了北爱尔兰的联盟派,助长了北爱尔兰的街头暴力,降低了英欧之间的信任度。英欧新达成的《温莎框架》协议为横跨贸易和政治的北爱尔兰贸易问题提供了一个简单的解决方案,兑现了英国“脱欧”的承诺,巩固了北爱尔兰过去二十五年来之不易的政治成果,为北爱尔兰和整个英国未来的可持续发展奠定了基础。所有这些,对于改善英欧关系、加强英法合作、修复英美关系也具有积极意义。

新时代国际化药学人才培养的思考——以苏州大学和爱尔兰皇家外科医学院中外合作办学为例

爱尔兰的药学高等教育是以注册药师职业为导向的五年制药学本硕教育,在药学学科体系设计、专业课程设计和教学模式方面独树一帜,并与其高速发展的生物医药产业相匹配,培养了大量实践型人才。苏州大学通过中外合作办学与爱尔兰皇家外科医学院深度合作,将两国药学教育进行国际化融合,在培养面向未来的国际化复合型药学人才方面进行尝试。研究从双方合作办学的背景和意义、办学模式的创新和突破以及对我国药学教育的启示等方面进行探讨,旨在为新时代我国药学人才培养改革提供参考。

A revised Mississippian lithostratigraphy of County Galway(western Ireland) with an analysis of carbonate lithofacies, biostratigraphy, depositional environments and palaeogeographic reconstructions utilising new borehole data

An integrated study of borehole data and outcrop of Mississippian （late Tournaisian to late Visean） rocks in Co. （County） Galway, western Ireland has enabled a more detailed geological map and lithostratigraphy to be constructed for the region. Several carbonate formations have been distinguished by microfacies analysis and their precise ages established by micropalaeontological investigations using foraminifers and calcareous algae. In addition, palaeogeographic maps have been constructed for the late Tournaisian, and early to late Visoan intervals in the region. The oldest marine Mississippian （late Tournaisian） deposits are recorded in the south of the study region from the Loughrea/Tynagh area and further south in the Gort Borehole; they belong to the Limerick Province. They comprise the Lower Limestone Shale Group succeeded by the Ballysteen Group, Waulsortian Limestone and Kilbryan Limestone Formations. These rocks were deposited in increasing water depth associated with a transgression that moved northwards across Co. Galway. In the northwest and north of the region, marginal marine and non-marine Tournaisian rocks are developed, with a shoreline located NW of Galway City （Galway High）. The central region of Co. Galway has a standard Visdan marine succession that can be directly correlated with the Carrick-on- Shannon succession in counties Leitrim and Roscommon to the northeast and east as far as the River Shannon. It is dominated by shallow-water limestones （Oakport, Ballymore and Croghan Limestone Formations） that formed the Galway-Roscommon Shelf. This facies is lat- erally equivalent to the Tubber Formation to the south which developed on the Clare-Galway Shelf. In the southeast, basinal facies of the Lucan Formation accumulated in the Athenry Basin throughout much of the Visean. This basin formed during a phase of extensional tectonics in the early Visean and was probably connected to the Tynagh Basin to the east. In the late Visean, shallow-water limestones of the Burren Formation extend across much of the southern part of the region. They are characterized by the presence of rich concentrations of large brachiopod shells and colonial coral horizons which developed in predominantly high-energy conditions. These limestones also exhibit palaeokarstic surfaces and palaeosols which formed during regressive conditions of glacio-eustatically controlled cyclicity. Locally, slightly deeper water, lower energy conditions developed on the shelf with the formation of rare bryozoan-rich mud-mounds. Deep-water basinal facies were maintained in the central and southeastern parts of the region between the two shelves with the persistence of the Lucan Formation. Ac- tive syn-sedimentary faulting influenced deposition in the Visean and interfingering of basinal sediments with slumps and shallow-water shelf carbonates are recognized.