AIM:To assess the predictive value of baseline parameters of ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM) for angle widening after prophylactic laser peripheral iridotomy(LPI) in patients with primary angle-closure suspect(PACS).MET...AIM:To assess the predictive value of baseline parameters of ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM) for angle widening after prophylactic laser peripheral iridotomy(LPI) in patients with primary angle-closure suspect(PACS).METHODS:Angle-opening distance(AOD),trabecular iris angle(TIA),iris thickness,trabecular-ciliary process angle,and trabecular-ciliary process distance were measured using UBM performed before and two weeks after LPI.Iris convexity(IC),iris insertion,angulation,and ciliary body(CB) size and position were graded.Uni-and multivariate regression analyses were used to determine factors predicting the change in AOD(ΔAOD500,calculated as an angle width change before and after LPI) in all quadrants and in subgroup quadrants based on IC.RESULTS:In 94 eyes of 94 patients with PACS,LPI led to angle widening with increases in AOD500 and TIA(P<0.01).Multivariable regression analysis showed that IC(P<0.001),CB position(P=0.007) and iris insertion(P=0.049) were significantly predictive for ΔAOD500.All quadrants were categorized into extreme IC(27.8%),moderate IC(62.3%),and absent IC(9.9%) subgroups.The AOD500 increased by 220% and no other predictive factor was found in the extreme IC quadrants.The AOD500 increased by 55%,and baseline iris angulation was predictive for smaller changes in ΔAOD500 in the moderate IC quadrants.CONCLUSION:In PACS patients,quadrants with greater iris bowing predict substantial angle widening after LPI.Quadrants with a flatter iris,anteriorly positioned CB,and basal iris insertion are associated with less angle widening after LPI.Quadrants with iris angulation as well as a flatter iris configuration predict a smaller angle change after LPI.展开更多
In social network applications,individual opinion is often influenced by groups,and most decisions usually reflect the majority’s opinions.This imposes the group influence maximization(GIM) problem that selects k ini...In social network applications,individual opinion is often influenced by groups,and most decisions usually reflect the majority’s opinions.This imposes the group influence maximization(GIM) problem that selects k initial nodes,where each node belongs to multiple groups for a given social network and each group has a weight,to maximize the weight of the eventually activated groups.The GIM problem is apparently NP-hard,given the NP-hardness of the influence maximization(IM) problem that does not consider groups.Focusing on activating groups rather than individuals,this paper proposes the complementary maximum coverage(CMC) algorithm,which greedily and iteratively removes the node with the approximate least group influence until at most k nodes remain.Although the evaluation of the current group influence against each node is only approximate,it nevertheless ensures the success of activating an approximate maximum number of groups.Moreover,we also propose the improved reverse influence sampling(IRIS) algorithm through fine-tuning of the renowned reverse influence sampling algorithm for GIM.Finally,we carry out experiments to evaluate CMC and IRIS,demonstrating that they both outperform the baseline algorithms respective of their average number of activated groups under the independent cascade(IC)model.展开更多
文摘AIM:To assess the predictive value of baseline parameters of ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM) for angle widening after prophylactic laser peripheral iridotomy(LPI) in patients with primary angle-closure suspect(PACS).METHODS:Angle-opening distance(AOD),trabecular iris angle(TIA),iris thickness,trabecular-ciliary process angle,and trabecular-ciliary process distance were measured using UBM performed before and two weeks after LPI.Iris convexity(IC),iris insertion,angulation,and ciliary body(CB) size and position were graded.Uni-and multivariate regression analyses were used to determine factors predicting the change in AOD(ΔAOD500,calculated as an angle width change before and after LPI) in all quadrants and in subgroup quadrants based on IC.RESULTS:In 94 eyes of 94 patients with PACS,LPI led to angle widening with increases in AOD500 and TIA(P<0.01).Multivariable regression analysis showed that IC(P<0.001),CB position(P=0.007) and iris insertion(P=0.049) were significantly predictive for ΔAOD500.All quadrants were categorized into extreme IC(27.8%),moderate IC(62.3%),and absent IC(9.9%) subgroups.The AOD500 increased by 220% and no other predictive factor was found in the extreme IC quadrants.The AOD500 increased by 55%,and baseline iris angulation was predictive for smaller changes in ΔAOD500 in the moderate IC quadrants.CONCLUSION:In PACS patients,quadrants with greater iris bowing predict substantial angle widening after LPI.Quadrants with a flatter iris,anteriorly positioned CB,and basal iris insertion are associated with less angle widening after LPI.Quadrants with iris angulation as well as a flatter iris configuration predict a smaller angle change after LPI.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (No. 2020J01845)the Educational Research Project for Young and MiddleAged Teachers of Fujian Provincial Department of Education (No. JAT190613)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61772005 and 92067108)the Outstanding Youth Innovation Team Project for Universities of Shandong Province (No. 2020KJN008)。
文摘In social network applications,individual opinion is often influenced by groups,and most decisions usually reflect the majority’s opinions.This imposes the group influence maximization(GIM) problem that selects k initial nodes,where each node belongs to multiple groups for a given social network and each group has a weight,to maximize the weight of the eventually activated groups.The GIM problem is apparently NP-hard,given the NP-hardness of the influence maximization(IM) problem that does not consider groups.Focusing on activating groups rather than individuals,this paper proposes the complementary maximum coverage(CMC) algorithm,which greedily and iteratively removes the node with the approximate least group influence until at most k nodes remain.Although the evaluation of the current group influence against each node is only approximate,it nevertheless ensures the success of activating an approximate maximum number of groups.Moreover,we also propose the improved reverse influence sampling(IRIS) algorithm through fine-tuning of the renowned reverse influence sampling algorithm for GIM.Finally,we carry out experiments to evaluate CMC and IRIS,demonstrating that they both outperform the baseline algorithms respective of their average number of activated groups under the independent cascade(IC)model.
