Revisiting the Myth of Irishness and Heroism An Analysis of W.B. Yeats＇ The Green Helmet

Using Sabina J. Mtiller＇s theory of myth, this paper will analyze the deconstruction and revision of myths in The Green Helmet. Irish mythology, as described by M^iller, has in its inheritance a myth of Ireland being personified in an image of a woman, a goddess of the land. This Ireland-as-woman image, as well as Irish heroism and their fighting spirit will be investigated in Yeats＇ drama to show its simplification and to mock its nature. The analysis will also give an insight into the diversified and complex image of the Irish nation.

莴苣霜霉病的傅里叶变换红外光谱分析

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)技术测定了成株期莴苣(Lactuca sativa L.var.angustana Irish)正常植株和霜霉病植株的叶片、食用茎、主根和须根4个部位的红外光谱。结果表明,两种植株叶片和食用茎中的主要成分均为蛋白质、多糖和脂类物质,须根中的主要物质成分为纤维素和木质素,正常植株主根中的主要成分是纤维素、木质素和脂类物质,霜霉病主根中的主要成分是纤维素、木质素和蛋白质;与正常植株相比,霜霉病植株叶片中蛋白质和多糖的组成或结构发生了变化,且脂类和多糖类物质相对含量有所增加,食用茎中蛋白质和脂类物质的相对含量均低于正常植株,而多糖类物质相对含量则高于正常植株,主根和须根中纤维素和木质素的相对含量均低于正常植株,但主根中木质素与纤维素的相对含量的则高于正常植株。FTIR可以区分霜霉病对莴苣植株不同部位的影响,有望为莴苣霜霉病的研究提供光谱信息。

UPWELLING AND SEDIMENTATION DYNAMICS Ⅲ: COINCIDENCE OF UPWELLING AREAS WITH MUD PATCHES IN NORTH HEMISPHERE SHELF SEAS

The determinant role of upwelling in fine sediment patches is examined from the viewpoints of physical process and biological process respectively. It is pointed out that physical and biological processes are usually coexistent and interact with each other during the sedimentation of suspended matters. This study used available figures showing the circulation pattern and surface sediment distribution in the whole China Seas, the Gulf of Maine, the Irish Sea and the North Sea, and additional data to verify that wherever upwelling exists on the continental shelf, mud must occur; and that wherever downwelling occurs, coarse sediment substitutes for mud.

An Appraisal of Adaptation Measures to Climate Variability by Smallholder Irish Potato Farmers in South Western Uganda

Climate change and variability are a reality and have had marked effects on both human and ecological systems. Adaptation to such effects either directly or indirectly is viewed as a novel way of reducing the spread of the associated risks. The study was conducted in Rubanda District with a general aim of evaluating the effectiveness of adaptation measures to climate variability used by smallholder Irish potatoes farmers. Specifically, we sought to appraise small-holder Irish potato farmers’ perceptions about the effectiveness of climate variability adaptation measures and implications on Irish potato productivity. We undertook a cross-sectional study to collect data from total of 197 farmers using a structured questionnaire. Other participatory methods such as focus group discussions and key informant interview were also used to complement the household survey. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 23 to generate descriptive statistics as well as relationships between the adaptation measures and the productivity of the Irish potatoes using a Cobb-Douglas production function. The Cobb-Douglas model revealed that the use of fertilizers was significantly and positively associated with productivity of Irish potato (P < 0.001). Furthermore, Smallholder Irish potato farmers perceived the use of technology, terracing, early planting and application of fertilizers as the most effective climate variability adaptation measures. The study recommends that measures that are cost-effective, efficient and coherent should be promoted to offset the impacts of climate variability which would include the adoption of improved potato varieties and use of fertilizers with proper management of erosion. Off-season planting of Irish potatoes in the wetlands should be discouraged by the local administration and the National Environment Management Authority. This calls for a collective action involving the agricultural practitioners and inline civil society organizations to ensure that farmers have access to such inputs.

Friendly enemies--Character analysis of Guests of the nation by Frank O＇Conner

The paper focuses on the four soldiers away from the battle field depicted in the short story Guests oftke nation written by Frank O＇Conner. The character analysis is achieved by the reflection of the human nature when the soldiers were temporarily living peacefully and their painful conflicts between duty as soldiers and human nature as men. Through the tragic fate of both the two executed Englishmen and the executors--two Irish men, the cruelty of the war is strongly condemned. The war mercilessly defeated the human nature cultivated through the friendship and knowing with each other.

The Changing Angle of View on Feminism:from Nuala's Daphne and Apollo to The Hair Market

This paper explores the dynamic interaction between contemporary Irish women poet and the notion of tradition in Irish poetry. Looking at the two poems of Nuala Ni Dhomhnaill,the paper suggests that this Irish women poet is subverting tradition and destabilizing a conventionally accepted fusion of the feminine with the nation. This is achieved through direct challenge,through dislocation and through establishing a dialogue between the mythical and the real in the context of the lived experience of women in Ireland,which suggests the great effects for civil and social activities which have been done by these great women poets who engage consciously in the process of giv-ing women an active voice.

Preliminary comparison of trace metals in coastal aerosols between Qingdao and Liverpool

Aerosol samples were collected at two coastal suburban stations, Qingdao （China） in 1995-1996 and Liverpool （U.K.） in 1995, respectively. The samples were analyzed to determine the concentrations of trace metals （Cr, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb, V, and Cd） as well as A1, Fe and Mn. Data were examined to understand the difference of trace metals in aerosols between coastal zones downwind the developing area （near the Yellow Sea） and developed region （near the Irish Sea）. The results show that most elements at Qingdao have levels 4-5 times higher than those at Liverpool, particularly for the crust-dominated elements （e.g. Al, Fe and Mn）. Moreover, the aerosol composition at Qingdao is higher in spring than in summer, underlying the influence of westerlies and local emissions in combination, whereas seasonal change of aerosol composition is not significant at Liverpool. The enrichment factors for the crustal source elements （EFcrust） at Liverpool are much higher than those at Qingdao. The contributions from the pollutant source （Rp） for some trace metals like Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd are 〉90% at Qingdao and Liverpool, suggesting overwhelming anthropogenic contributions to these metals. The contributions from crustal source （Re） for trace metals tend to increase with higher aerosol levels and Al concentration at Qingdao, indicating a good correlation between the crust-dominated component and the air mass. At Liverpool, the Rc values for trace metals are positively correlated with Al concentrations instead of with aerosol mass, suggesting that Al in aerosols represents the crustal component even though the aerosols come from different sources.

Irish Water and Scottish Water: A Comparison

Rising costs of production and the need for capital investment in the public water supply network in Ireland, has placed a strong emphasis on the need for water conservation and tackling the current high levels of leakage (Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government, 2015) [1]. Consequently, Irish Water which is Ireland’s national water utility has had to consider various business models and supply frameworks to demonstrate value for money. This has included those successfully implemented by Scottish Water. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare both national utility providers in terms of structure and financial performance. The results of this study showed that both utility providers differed significantly. The Utility has, indeed, tried to achieve “too much too soon” (O’Leary, 2018 [2];Donegal Now, 2016) [3]. Therefore, the initial results of this study suggest that, continuing to consider Scottish Water as the benchmark may generate unrealistic targets and expectations which in all probability may not be achieved.

Rewriting of the Irish Identity and Pastoral: A Case Study on The Beauty Queen of Leenane by Martin McDonagh

Martin McDonagh,a descendant of Irish,is engaged in the creation of dramatic works in the UK,and his unique growth experience has a profound influence on his dramatic works.His first play,The Beauty Queen of Leenane,explores the ambivalence status of characters,embodies the vague time image,the rewriting of the Irish western pastoral and the hybrid language of English and Irish,which is the embodiment of McDonagh’s dual national identity and his rewriting of the Irish national identity.

The Dialogue between Literature and History in Yeats’ Poetry — A Case Study of “Easter, 1916”

Yeats’ realistic poetry is often imprinted with the mark of its era. By means of the poetic language, Yeats expressed his profound reflection on the historic events of the time. In so doing, a dialogue has comes into existence between literature and history. This paper attempts to consider in detail how the dialogue between literature and history operates in Yeats’ realistic poem “Easter, 1916,” as a case study, under the scrutiny of the new historicist approach. Through the textual analysis of this poetic work, this paper discusses the dialogic relationship of the poem and history by elaborating on how this poetic work becomes historicized and how this historic event becomes textualized. Within this dialogue, the reciprocal relation of this poem and the contemporary society is brought under further examination. This paper argues that this poem harbors subversive force which can be articulated by the poetic text in this dialogue between literature and history. However, this subversive force will be eventually contained by the British power structure that has pervaded and dominated the Irish society. By the uprising and revolution of the Irish people, Ireland would attain to the goal of political de-Anglicization by becoming a sovereign state and with the advent of this political independence Irish literature could also achieve an independent status. However, this paper concludes that Yeats has realized the suppressed beauty of this independence because Irish literature would still have to be composed in the English language which, however, remains to be the product of the British power structure.

Celtic Vampires： Neil Jordan＇s Film Byzantium as Irish Neomyth

Director Neil Jordan＇s 2013 film Byzantium is a vampire narrative with a female empowerment theme that attains the status of Irish neomyth. Although much of the story takes place in England, the vampires originate in southwest Ireland, recognizable in filming locations and from historical allusions, Catholic religious references, Gaelic speech acts, traditional Irish songs, imagery from Celtic mythology, and a title that invokes a relevant Yeats poem with the title ＂Byzantium.＂ Such references to Irish culture elevate the supernatural mother-daughter protagonists to modem mythic status in their centuries-long conflict with an Ireland-based, patriarchal vampire Brotherhood.

Nutrient Content in Irish Rainfall Water

Emissions of gases from industrial activities and even from agriculture activities and from soil as releasing of nitrogen from soils to atmosphere have been increasing steadily therefore, acid rain is the concern throughout the world. The hill field at the UCD research farm was chosen as the representative of good versatile, on which moderate to intensive farming is practised in the drier rainfall areas of Ireland. Nutrient contents in rainfall water samples were measurable, although the site of rainfall sample collection is located in the east of the country far away from the Atlantic Ocean. TDP （total dissolve phosphorus） concentrations in rainwater samples were very low. While DRP （dissolve reactive phosphorus） is the main component in some samples, the DUP （dissolve unreactive phosphorus） is dominant in others. DRP values accounted for less than 50% of dissolved phosphorus in rainfall. Sodium （Na） and Chloride （CI） ions had the highest concentration value, because most of Irish rain originates from the Atlantic Ocean. Nitrate （NO3） had the highest value 15.2 lag.mLl but it associated only with mineral fertiliser spreading time.

The Construction of Irish Cultural Identity in Yeats’s Poetry

W.B.Yeats(1865-1939),Noble Prize winner for literature in 1923,is an influential Irish poet,playwright and critic.This paper will discuss that Yeats is devoted to seek and construct Irish cultural identity in his poetry because of the Irish cultural and identity crisis as well as his own identity anxiety.Yeats endeavours to establish a distinctly Irish cultural identity through reviving Irish traditional folklore,myths and legends,hybridising English language,and absorbing oriental culture in his poetry.

The Irish Border Issue in Brexit

After a long period of obsolescence,the Irish border issue has reemerged in the context of Brexit,and any solution will affect not only the UK’s national unity,but also the Northern Ireland peace process and UK-EU economic and trade relations.Back-and-forth negotiations brought about the Draft Withdrawal Agreement,which included the"backstop"arrangement for the Irish border.This agreement soon suffered strong opposition in the UK Parliament,while the EU refused to make any substantive concessions.Trapping Brexit into the"Britain-drag",the Irish border issue has become Brexit’s bottleneck.While the border issue carries sensitivity and complexity in itself,another even more important reason that is so significant is that it has become clear that the UK and the EU are not on the same track when it comes to interest defining and policy selection,never mind the tangled mentalities of Brexit.The Brexit dilemma,when combined with the Irish border issue,has cast a spotlight on the West’s political and social fragmentation,as well as the dysfunction of its parliamentary democracy.No matter how the withdrawal deal is settled in the future,the UK and the EU are likely to be persecuted by the Irish border issue for a long time to come.

Identification of the Breach of Short-Term Rental Regulations in Irish Rent Pressure Zones

The housing crisis in Ireland has rapidly grown in recent years. To make a more significant profit, many landlords are no longer renting out their houses under long-term tenancies but under short-term tenancies. Regulating rentals in Rent Pressure Zones with the highest and rising rents is becoming a tricky issue. In this paper, we develop a breach identifier to check short-term rentals located in Rent Pressure Zones with potential breaches only using publicly available data from Airbnb (an online marketplace focused on short-term home-stays) and Irish government websites. First, we use a Residual Neural Network to filter out outdoor landscape photos that negatively impact identifying whether an owner has multiple rentals in a Rent Pressure Zone. Second, a Siamese Neural Network is used to compare the similarity of indoor photos to determine if multiple rental posts correspond to the same residence. Next, we use the Haversine algorithm to locate short-term rentals within a circle centered on the coordinate of a permit. Short-term rentals with a permit will not be restricted. Finally, we improve the occupancy estimation model combined with sentiment analysis, which may provide higher accuracy.

Zhou Jue Meets Irish Guests

President Zhou Jue of the China Society for Human Rights Studies (CSHRS) met with the visiting del-egation of Fianna Fail, the Republican Party of Ireland in Beijing on July 23. Headed by Ms. Mary Hanafin, Government Chief

Evolving Medical Education at University College Dublin

Medical education in China and in Ireland began in pre-recorded history, probably around 5000 years ago, with both societies developing and nurturing those with the ability to influence the health of others. In Ireland, between the 5th and12 th centuries, a Golden age of Ancient Gaelic Medicine saw the creation of more formal communities of practice. This was followed by the formation of the modern medial schools in the 18 th to 19 th centuries including University College Dublin(UCD). Since the year 2000, UCD has progressed through a series of curriculum changes, both in content and structure. This has included horizontal integration, vertical integration, modularisation, the use of recognised credit systems in association with expected volume of student learning and the outcome based pedagogical practice. These changes have utilised a topdown and bottom-up approach to ensure that the clarity of leadership is combined with the wisdom of teachers to create a modern patient-centric outcomes based programme. UCD has partnered with patients through a unique PACE programme, has maintained a science rich six-year duration course for school-leavers, has introduced a four-year course for those with degrees and introduced an additional specific programme of instruction just prior to graduation that is designed to instill confidence and competence. Future enhancements will focus on personalising the educational experience to ensure that each student reaches their full potential.

Irish Eyes Still Smiling

Beijing celebrates St.Patrick’s Day with a range of cultural treats One of Ireland’s leading literary lights,Emma Donoghue,the author of the Booker Prize-listed Room and a star attraction of the Beijing Irish Festival,talking about her own sold-out part of the program,said,"It somehow combined the

An Ironist’s“Final Vocabulary”:Derek Mahon’s Re-Visions

Critics tend to cast a suspicious eye on Derek Mahon’s seemingly obsessive revisions of his works.Though it needs to be acknowledged that Mahon’s habitual practice of revision does not always lead to a definite improvement of the poems’quality,this article argues that the poet revises to destabilize a formation of what Richard Rorty calls "final vocabulary"as a never quitting ironist.Mahon’s constant undercutting of his stable textual ground stems from a deeper Mahonian poetics which has at its core the urge to work against fixed perspective and settled interpretation in unsettling political and cultural circumstances that produce intolerance and claustrophobia.Mahon also presents a Beckettian resistance of the limitedness of poetic language by pluralizing poetic ambivalence and indeterminacy.