Co-pyrolysis of soybean soapstock with iron slag/aluminum scrap,and characterization and analysis of their products

Soybean soapstock(SS) is one of the main solid wastes produced in the refinery of edible oil processing. In this study, the co-pyrolysis of SS with iron slag(IS) and aluminum scrap(AS) was carried out in a tubular furnace. The gas, liquid and solid products were characterized and the char yield decreased with increasing IS/AS ratio. IS and AS can improve the gas yield, and when the ratio of SS/IS was 1:0.25, the total pyrolysis gas and hydrogen contents were significantly increased. The content of oxygen compounds in pyrolysis oil decreased during co-pyrolysis, while AS promoted the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in pyrolysis oil. The co-pyrolysis reaction can be divided into four stages, the mass loss rate reaches the maximum at the third stage(390–575 ℃). The molar ratio of H/C was lower for pyrolysis,indicating good stability of pyrolysis char owing to the high degree of carbonization and aromaticity.The possible co-pyrolysis reaction mechanism was explored.

Recovery of iron from lead-zinc metallurgical slags by bath smelting

The recovery of iron from iron sinking slag and lead smelter slag was investigated by desulfurization-reduction bath smelting. The effects of lead smelter slag(LSS) to iron sinking slag(ISS) mass ratio and temperature were investigated in desulfurization experiments. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) and X-ray fluorescence(XRF) analyses show that the optimum conditions are LSS:ISS of 3:7 and temperature of 1350°C. The composition of desulfurization products is mainly Zn Fe2O4, and the desulfurization rate of 99.66% is obtained under optimum conditions. The thermogravimetric(TG) and differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) analyses demonstrate that reductant is necessary for decomposition and reduction of zinc ferrite in desulfurization product. The effects of reductant, temperature and feeding modes on iron enrichment were investigated in reduction experiments. The scanning electron microscope(SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) determination show that the iron content of reduction product is up to 99.36% under optimum conditions of coke as reductant, reduction temperature of 1450°C and the feeding mode of premixing.

Thermodynamic Behavior of Manganese and Phosphorus between Liquid Iron and CaO-MgO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-Fe_tO-MnO-P_2O_5 Slags

The thermodynamic behavior of manganese and phosphorus between liquid iron and CaO-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3-FetO-MnO-P2O5 ladle slag system was addressed by investigating the thermodynamic equilibria between liquid iron containing Mn and P and the ladle slag at 1873 K. The Mn distribution ratio L-Mn increases with increasing FetO content and decreasing the basicity ((%CaO + %MgO)/(%SiO2 + %Al2O3 + %P2O5)) in slag, while the P distribution ratio Lp seems to be increased as FetO content and the basicity increases. The values of L-Mn and L-p decrease by the addition of Al2O3 into slag. The expression of the dependence of L-Mn and L-p on the basicity and FetO content in slag was obtained.

A model for estimating the rate constant between CO_2-CO gas and molten slag containing iron oxides using optical basicity

A simple model for estimating the rate constant between CO2-CO gas and molten slag containing iron oxides was developed using optical basicity only. In this model, the temperature dependence of the rate constant can be described by the Arrhenius law, and the activation energy can be expressed with a linear function of the slag＇s optical basicity. The model was applied to some molten slag systems, such as FeO, FeO-CaO, FeO-SiO2, FeO-Na2O, FeO-CaO-SiO2, FeO-SiO2-P2O5, FeO-SiOE-Na2O, and FeO-CaO-SiOE-P2O5. A comparison between the predicted results and measured data showed that the model worked well.

Study on Foaming Behaviour of Molten Slag during Smelting Reduction with Iron Bath

The molten slag in smelting reduction with iron bath has peculiar behaviour for its high FeO concentration. Slag foaming is effected by the concentration and reduction rate of FeO, basicity of slag and temperature. Addition of granulated coke can greatly decrease slag foaming extent in the process of smelting reduction with iron bath. The anti-foaming capacity of granulated coke is the best when the ratio of coke used for coke layer to total coke used in smelting reduction is controlled at about 20%.

Distribution behavior of Copper and Tin between FeO-rich slag and iron solution

The distribution behavior of residual elements copper and tin between FeO rich slag and iron solution was investigated under the condition of an induction furnace. The results indicate that a part of copper and tin is incidently oxidized when oxygen is blasted into bath to react with iron element. The distribution ratio of copper and tin between slag and metal is about 0.1. Phenomena of Cu and Sn elements segregation and accumulation in slag were observed by means of EPMA analysis. The distribution ratio of copper and tin between slag and metal may descend with increasing of CaO content in slag.

Corrosion of Magnesia-chrome Brick by Smelting Reduction Slag with Iron Bath

Effects of FeO content （0, 5%, 10%, and 15% in mass, respectively ） in lab-synthesized smelting redttc- tion slag with iron bath and test temperature （1 450, 1 500, 1550, anti 1 600 ℃ ） on corrosion am,amount and microstructure of fused rebonded magnesia - chrome brick with 26.02 massqc of Cr2O3 were researched by rotary cylinder method. The results show that ： （ 1 ） the corro- sion amolult of magnesia -chrome brick by slag without FeO is higher than that by the slag with 5% FeO, and the vorrosion amount increases when FeO content increa- ses from 5% to 15% ; （2） the test temperature is one of the important factors affecting the slag corrosion resist- ance of magnesia - chrome brick, and the corrosion of smelting reduction slag to brick increases with the temperature rising.

KINETICS OF REDUCTION IRON OXIDE IN CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-Fe_tO SLAGS WITH CARBON SATURATED IN MOLTEN IRON

The rate of reducing Fet O in CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fet O slags with carbon saturated in molten iron has been determined in a graphite crucible in the temperature range of 1673-1773K. The effects of temperature, slag basicity and FetO content on the reduction rate have also been discussed. Test results show that the reduction rate increases with increasing temperature or FEtO concentration in slags, and the reduction rate has a parabolic relation with the simple basicity or optical basicity of slag, the maximum reduction rate being observed at around CaO/SiO2=1.5 of molten slags. The reduction reaction order is 1. 73 or 1.80, and the reduction activation energy is 299.9 or 295.9 kJ/mol in regard to Fet O weight content or Fet O activity calculated by using regular solution model, respectively. The reduction rate of CaO-SiO2-Al2 O3-Fet O slags with carbon saturated in molten iron is in the range of 0.32-3.48 mol-O/cm2·s.

基于炉缸渣铁滞留量的高炉炉缸活性研究

针对国内外对炉缸活性表征不明晰的问题,建立以炉缸渣铁滞留量表征炉缸活性的模型,定量分析高炉操作参数对炉缸活性的作用比重,并提出提高炉缸活性的操作手段。结果表明:①渣铁焦物性对渣铁滞留率的影响顺序为:铁水温度>CSR>焦炭粒度>CRI>炉渣碱度>镁铝比;②去除滞留率对滞留量的影响,高炉操作参数对渣铁滞留量的影响顺序为:风量>铁口深度>风温>风压>喷煤量>氧气量;③高炉生产中,可采用原燃料粒级及性能管控技术、高风速大动能操作技术、渣铁流动控制技术、渣铁排放管控技术高效调控炉缸活跃状态。

铁尾矿-钢渣-锂渣混凝土耐酸侵蚀性能研究

目的在混凝土中掺入铁尾矿、钢渣、锂渣,分析混凝土的耐酸侵蚀性能,实现铁尾矿、钢渣、锂渣高效资源化利用。方法将铁尾矿、钢渣、锂渣作为掺合料替代部分水泥,铁尾矿碎石和铁尾矿砂作为粗、细骨料制备混凝土;对制备的混凝土标准养护28 d后进行为期60 d的酸侵蚀试验;通过改变水胶比和水泥替代率分析其质量损失率、抗压强度损失率及侵蚀深度,利用MIP、SEM探究铁尾矿-钢渣-锂渣混凝土耐酸侵蚀的机理。结果掺入铁尾矿、钢渣、锂渣可以降低混凝土的质量损失率、抗压强度损失率和侵蚀深度;其中掺量为30%时,质量损失率为0.12%、抗压强度损失率为-7.8%、侵蚀深度为0.6 mm,均达到最低值;混凝土的质量损失率、抗压强度损失率和侵蚀深度随着水胶比的增大而升高。结论铁尾矿-钢渣-锂渣混凝土中铁尾矿、钢渣、锂渣发挥的填充作用和与水泥发生的二次水化反应使混凝土体系更加致密,很大程度上阻碍了酸的侵入;同时,二次水化消耗了易与酸反应的CH,生成了更稳定的C-S-H凝胶,表现出更好的耐酸侵蚀性能。

铁尾矿—硅锰渣—赤泥协同制备超高性能混凝土力学性能研究

选用铁尾矿粉、硅锰渣粉和赤泥作为矿物掺合料代替部分普通硅酸盐水泥,协同制备了2种不同水胶比的超高性能混凝土,研究了掺入铁尾矿—硅锰渣—赤泥的超高性能混凝土(Ultra-high Performance Concrete,UHPC)的力学性能,探究了铁尾矿粉掺量对UHPC的抗弯强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗压强度的影响。结果表明:①水胶比较低的超高性能混凝土中,铁尾矿粉对混凝土抗弯强度影响较大,对劈裂抗拉强度影响较小;②水胶比较高的超高性能混凝土中,铁尾矿粉对混凝土抗弯强度的影响与对劈裂抗拉强度的影响基本一致;③随着铁尾矿粉掺量增加,水胶比为0.20和0.25的超高性能混凝土抗压强度降低,硅锰渣—赤泥组超高性能混凝土28 d抗压强度最大降低幅度分别为19.2%和22.9%。上述分析进一步反映出:①铁尾矿粉在超高性能混凝土中的掺量不宜超过矿物掺合料总量的40%;②铁尾矿粉的掺加不利于超高性能混凝土的早期抗压强度提升,但适量掺加铁尾矿粉(20%)有利于超高性能混凝土后期抗压强度增长;③三参数模型系数相对于铁尾矿—硅锰渣—赤泥超高性能混凝土的抗压强度和养护龄期关系相对集中,拟合相关系数较高。

铁尾矿-矿渣基地聚合物的制备及其性能

我国铁尾矿产生量较高,但利用率仍较低,为了高附加值资源化利用铁尾矿,将铁尾矿、高炉矿渣与粉煤灰混合后作为硅铝原料,通过机械粉磨和碱性激发剂来激发其反应活性,制备地聚合物胶凝材料。探讨了高炉矿渣与铁尾矿的配比、碱激发剂水玻璃的掺量对地聚合物试样抗压强度的影响,分析了地聚合物胶凝材料形成机理。结果表明:将铁尾矿和高炉矿渣采用机械粉磨活化时,粉磨时间超过60 min后其比表面积提高幅度变小,综合考虑原料活性和成本,机械粉磨时间定为60 min。当粉煤灰掺量为10%、高炉矿渣与铁尾矿的配比为5∶3、碱性激发剂水玻璃掺量为10%时,所制得的地聚合物试样3、7、28 d龄期的抗压强度分别为10.7、18.9、32.9 MPa。地聚合物试样在养护过程中,随着养护时间的延长,试样的结构越来越致密,尤其是28 d龄期的试样结构更加致密,生成的凝胶产物填充在原料颗粒之间的空隙,并将未反应的原料颗粒包裹,与相邻的凝胶产物相互胶结,形成一整体,从而有利于试样抗压强度的提高。

不同处理工艺下钢渣的铁相赋存状态及其对磁选粉收得率和尾渣胶凝活性的影响

钢渣中含有的金属铁及其氧化物是一种高附加值的可再生资源,同时钢渣又可以作为矿物掺合料用在建材行业中。钢渣经不同冷却处理工艺,物相发生演变,从而影响钢渣中铁的回收及尾渣的胶凝活性。为了提高钢渣中铁资源的回收和尾渣的有效利用,文中针对热泼、辊压破碎-有压热闷和辊压破碎-热泼3种不同处理工艺下的钢渣,利用岩相分析、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜-能量色散谱仪(SEM-EDS)、化学物相选择溶解等手段对不同处理工艺下钢渣的铁相分布及富集状态进行研究,并测定其磁选粉收得率和铁品位,以及尾渣的胶凝活性。结果表明:热泼工艺下钢渣中金属铁更易富集沉积,铁相主要以FeO均匀分布在RO相和铁酸盐相中,相中Fe占比较少,磁选粉收得率较高,但铁品位较差,分别为32.22%和33.43%;辊压破碎-有压热闷渣中未见明显金属铁粒,但含铁相中Fe占比较多,磁选粉收得率低,但铁品位较高,分别为28.37%和37.12%;辊压破碎-热泼渣中,铁相主要以Fe2O3形式存在于铁酸钙相和硅酸盐相,相中Fe占比较多,且含有磁性铁Fe3O4,磁选粉收得率高,铁品位也高,分别为37.60%和39.69%。辊压破碎-有压热闷渣中C2S含量相对更多且发育较好,胶凝活性高,7d及28d活性指数分别为78%和92%;辊压破碎-热泼渣的7d活性指数较低,为66%,但28d活性指数增长到92%;热泼渣的胶凝活性居中。

三元固废掺和料耦合机理分析和活化

为实现铁尾矿固废材料的再生利用,提高工业固废利用率,利用陶瓷粉和钢渣组成三元固废掺和料(铁尾矿-陶瓷粉-钢渣)并耦合活化。通过对铁尾矿进行不同时间的机械研磨,加入不同活化剂进行化学活化来提高铁尾矿的活性。采用差热-热重(DTA-TG)分析、扫描电镜(SEM)等方法研究三元掺和料的耦合活化和机械-化学活化机理。结果表明,适当增加铁尾矿研磨时间可以提升掺和料体系的活性指数,Na2SiO3活化剂对掺和料体系活性提升最显著。在三元掺和料体系中,铁尾矿、陶瓷粉主要起填充作用,而钢渣中活性CaO、硅酸二钙(C2S)和硅酸三钙(C3S)成分可以参与水化反应生成较多水化产物,从而提升后期强度,复掺时活性指数均满足普通型Ⅱ级掺和料使用标准,最高活性指数可达88.29%,具备制备三元复合掺和料的潜力。

磷铁渣高温活化浸出-沉淀法制备电池级FePO_(4)的工艺及应用

磷铁渣是黄磷生产的副产物之一,化学性质稳定,常作为固体废物处理,不仅污染环境,也消耗了大量人力物力。如何合理利用磷铁渣中铁(Fe)、磷(P)元素是磷化工企业必须解决的问题。以磷铁渣制备磷酸铁(FePO_(4))的传统技术存在能耗大、副产物安全隐患大、难以实现工业化生产等缺点。有鉴于此,本文采用磷铁渣、磷酸、盐酸、氨水为原料,通过高温活化浸出-沉淀法制备了电池级FePO_(4)。在高温活化浸出阶段,探究了浸出时间、浸出温度、盐酸浓度、液固比与磷铁渣浸出率的关联规律。并研究了反应温度、时间、pH、投料比等条件对制备FePO_(4)性能的影响。对浸出液中Fe、P元素浓度和FePO_(4)晶体结构、形貌和粒度进行了分析。实验结果表明,磷铁渣浸出的最佳条件是:浸出时间3h、浸出温度90℃、盐酸浓度5.5mol/L、液固比20mL/g,在此浸出条件下Fe元素浸出率可达93.55%,P元素浸出率可达82.21%,固体渣浸出率可达90.06%。沉淀反应过程的最佳条件为:反应温度70℃、反应时间2h、反应pH=1.2、Fe/P投料比为1,此条件制备的磷酸铁(FePO_(4))材料结晶度高,形貌均匀,分散性好,一次粒径为100~200nm,铁磷比为0.97,杂质含量完全符合行业标准。以此合成的磷酸铁锂(LiFePO_(4))正极材料电化学性能较好,在1C倍率下,放电比容量可达到151.62mA·h/g,表明所制备的FePO_(4)完全满足LiFePO_(4)正极材料前体的要求。

铁锰固废促进污泥堆肥进程及其腐殖化特性

利用铁锰类工业固废提升污泥堆肥腐殖化程度,可实现污泥与工业固废的协同处理与资源化利用。文章以污水厂脱水污泥为对象,添加铁锰冶炼渣或铁锰尾矿开展15 d堆肥试验,探究了污泥堆肥的腐殖化进程及特性。将铁锰固废添加至污泥类有机质固体废物中,堆体升温速率更快,50℃以上高温期可达96 h;堆肥处理15 d后,HA/FA均不低于1.0,种子发芽指数GI达到100%以上。堆肥产物除As外,其他重金属含量均低于《农用污泥污染物控制标准》(GB 4284-2018)A级标准限值,堆肥产物适于园地、牧草地、不种植食用农作物耕地使用。添加铁锰冶炼渣的堆肥产物多酚氧化酶、脱氢酶活性最高分别达到2.2μmol/(h·g)、13.5 mg/(d·g),水溶性有机碳含量明显上升,铁锰冶炼渣有利于有机质中间组分向胡敏酸类大分子物质转化,在保留碳素、氮素的同时,提高堆肥稳定性和腐熟度。

陕西韩城芝川古代冶铁遗址初步考察

韩城芝川古代冶铁遗址位于陕西省渭南市韩城芝川镇芝西村,遗存面积超4000 m^(2),考古年代为西汉。科研团队对该遗址开展冶金考古田野调查并采集到炉渣、陶片等遗物,使用扫描电镜及能谱(SEM-EDS)、金(矿)相显微观察等手段对采集到的18个冶炼遗物进行成分分析和显微结构观察。结果表明,16个炉渣为硅钙铝系高钙低铁炉渣,基体主要为玻璃相、偶见铁橄榄石,其产品是生铁,应为生铁冶炼炉渣。1个炉渣为高铁渣,以浮氏体为主、间有铁橄榄石和极少量玻璃相;1个样品的块状金属为熟铁,很可能为生铁炒钢的遗物。该遗址主要是生铁冶炼遗址,同时进行炒钢冶金活动,是迄今发现陕西渭南地区最早的生铁炒钢遗址。

铁浴条件下电炉粉尘球团的熔融与分离行为

为了提高对含锌电弧炉粉尘(EAFD)的利用效率,实验研究EAFD球团在铁浴条件下的还原熔化行为。定义铁液滴球形度作为判断其凝聚的标准,然后探讨铁液滴直径和球形度之间随时间变化的关系。根据实验最终建立EAFD颗粒的熔化和分离行为。结果表明,在铁浴条件下,EAFD球团的Zn去除率在5.0 min时达到99%以上,但在15.0 min时金属渣分离还没有完成。由于成分的波动,在EAFD球团中形成几个区域的液态渣,然后液态渣不断增加,直到球团完全熔化。球形度>65%、直径>500μm的Fe液滴的数量随着时间的推移而减少,大直径的Fe液滴先完成分离。渣铁分离过程如下:在布朗运动下Fe液滴在渣中形成,之后Fe液滴直径在马兰戈尼效应下增加,Fe液滴在渣中下降速度符合斯托克斯定律。

不锈钢冶金废渣制备超细掺合料配比研究

在节能减排和绿色发展的背景下,大量堆放的冶金固废对环境污染的问题亟待解决。针对不锈钢生产过程中排放的工业固废—镍铁渣与不锈钢尾渣,复掺粉煤灰、脱硫石膏,以7d活性和28d活性为性能指标,基于力学性能进行配比优化研究。结果表明:不锈钢尾渣和镍铁渣的掺入比例对于超细掺合料的活性影响最大,其次是粉煤灰的掺入量,脱硫石膏的掺入量对于活性的影响相对较小。比表面积超过600cm^(2)/g以后继续粉磨对活性提升不明显。综合考虑制备超细固废掺合料的配比为镍铁渣:不锈钢尾渣=8∶2,粉煤灰掺量为20%,SO_(3)的含量控制在3.0%,比表面积为600cm^(2)/g,此时超细掺合料的28d活性最高,7d活性80%,28d活性达91%。