CRISPR-Cas系统是广泛存在于细菌和古菌中的防御系统。基于该系统开发的基因组编辑工具已在大量物种中实现靶向编辑。目前应用最多的是CRISPR-Cas9和CRISPR-Cas12a基因组编辑工具,但它们的蛋白大小均超过1000个氨基酸,不利于递送。来自...CRISPR-Cas系统是广泛存在于细菌和古菌中的防御系统。基于该系统开发的基因组编辑工具已在大量物种中实现靶向编辑。目前应用最多的是CRISPR-Cas9和CRISPR-Cas12a基因组编辑工具,但它们的蛋白大小均超过1000个氨基酸,不利于递送。来自转座子家族的TnpB和IscB蛋白(大小约400个氨基酸)分别被认为是Cas12和Cas9的祖先蛋白,但其功能直到最近才被解析。它们被统称为专性移动元件引导活性(obligate mobile element-guided activity, OMEGA)蛋白,其引导RNA被称为ωRNA。此后,OMEGA系统成为了基因编辑领域的研究热点之一。OMEGA系统在三域生物中都有广泛分布,而且种类多样。对OMEGA系统的深入研究,将有助于开发精简、高效、安全的新型基因组编辑工具。本文围绕OMEGA系统的发现历程、结构特点、作用机制和在基因组编辑中的应用展开介绍,为新型基因组编辑工具的开发和优化提供参考。展开更多
In a very recent article published in Science,Altae-Tran et al.recon-structed the evolution of CRISPR-Cas9 systems and traced their ances-tors to unique groups of transposons(Altae-Tran et al.,2021).These transposable...In a very recent article published in Science,Altae-Tran et al.recon-structed the evolution of CRISPR-Cas9 systems and traced their ances-tors to unique groups of transposons(Altae-Tran et al.,2021).These transposable elements encode RNA-guided nucleases that show strong potential for developing novel biotechnologies.Structural domains of these nucleases serve as useful building blocks for engineering novel RNA-guided nucleases via synthetic biology to strongly inspire the de-velopment of novel and precision genome-editing tools.展开更多
文摘CRISPR-Cas系统是广泛存在于细菌和古菌中的防御系统。基于该系统开发的基因组编辑工具已在大量物种中实现靶向编辑。目前应用最多的是CRISPR-Cas9和CRISPR-Cas12a基因组编辑工具,但它们的蛋白大小均超过1000个氨基酸,不利于递送。来自转座子家族的TnpB和IscB蛋白(大小约400个氨基酸)分别被认为是Cas12和Cas9的祖先蛋白,但其功能直到最近才被解析。它们被统称为专性移动元件引导活性(obligate mobile element-guided activity, OMEGA)蛋白,其引导RNA被称为ωRNA。此后,OMEGA系统成为了基因编辑领域的研究热点之一。OMEGA系统在三域生物中都有广泛分布,而且种类多样。对OMEGA系统的深入研究,将有助于开发精简、高效、安全的新型基因组编辑工具。本文围绕OMEGA系统的发现历程、结构特点、作用机制和在基因组编辑中的应用展开介绍,为新型基因组编辑工具的开发和优化提供参考。
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0906800 to QS)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31771380 to QS)State Kay Laboratory of Microbial Technology at Shandong University.
文摘In a very recent article published in Science,Altae-Tran et al.recon-structed the evolution of CRISPR-Cas9 systems and traced their ances-tors to unique groups of transposons(Altae-Tran et al.,2021).These transposable elements encode RNA-guided nucleases that show strong potential for developing novel biotechnologies.Structural domains of these nucleases serve as useful building blocks for engineering novel RNA-guided nucleases via synthetic biology to strongly inspire the de-velopment of novel and precision genome-editing tools.