Analysis on the Water-making Art of Islamic Garden

The climate in Islamic areas is hot and dry,and water is the most important element in Islamic gardens.The waterscape of Islamic gardens affects the layout of the whole courtyard,and the water-making art of Islamic gardens embodies the wisdom of the Arab nation.Through the analysis of the waterscape design of Islamic gardens,this study combed the design methods contained in the water-making art of Islamic gardens from the four aspects of water source,waterscape plane design,vertical design and decoration,in order to provide ideas for more efficient water landscape design in the garden landscape design.

Gardening Art of Genyue Imperial Garden and Its Significance to Modern Landscape

Genyue Imperial Garden represents the Royal Garden in Northem Song Dynasty, and it has an important position in the Chinese classical garden history, as well as high values in history, culture, art. In this paper, the significance of the gar- dening art of Gsnyue Imperial Garden to modem landscape design was explored through the analysis on the macroscopic layout and microscopic gardening art of Genyue Imperial Garden.

The Relation between Theory and Practice in Muslim Sages＇ Thoughts in the Third and Fourth Hijra Centuries and Its Effects on Concept of Craft （Sana＇at） and Art in Islamic Civilization

Farabi defines ＂Ilm al-Hiyal＂ （mechanic） in Ihsa al-Ulum as ＂knowing a way by which, human can adjust all of the concepts that have been proved in mathematics with verification to exotic objects, and helps their states in exotic objects to be carried＂. He believes this will be recognized and be attained by craft （sana＇at, art）. This was the common view in Islamic wisdom and philosophy in third and fourth Hijra centuries （9 ＆ 10 CE）. Researchers believe that the unique emphasis on parallelism between theoretical science and practical work is an important feature of Baghdad school and affected Islamic visual culture. Baghdad school had been affected by translation. In this way, Ikhwan-al-Safa, whom wrote the first encyclopedia of science in Islamic culture, had a very efficient role. They devised geometry into intellectual and sensual ones in the second part of their book, al-Rasa-el, and considered intellectual geometry as one of the middle philosophy and recognition and understanding factor for meaning of sensual geometry evidences. They insisted on basic situation of intellectual geometry in guidance of whom, want to learn intellectual things from sensual ones. They knew intellectual geometry as the factor for requiring skill in scientific crafts （sana＇at）, and sensual geometry as the factor of practical crafts, and made a vast relation between them. They also defined end of intellectual geometry understanding the base of all sciences and the main factor of wise, essence of self （nafs）. Important feature of Ikhwan-al-Safa＇s wisdom is omitting the gap between theory and practice, making a vast relation between them, which affected the meaning of crafts in Islamic culture, and rendered a spiritual feature to crafts and arts. It seems this relation has created the concept of traditional arts, and integrating wisdom and crafts in Iranian-Islamic culture constructed all of the Fotowat-Nam e （book of Chivalry）. This article reviews the concept, which affiliates theory and practice in third and fourth centuries and has a deep effect on recognition of art and craft in Islamic culture.

Artful Application of Garden Plants in Classical Suzhou Gardens

Defi nition of plant landscaping and features of plant landscaping in classical Suzhou gardens were introduced, the forms of combining plants and buildings, rockeries and waterscapes were analyzed by elaborating selection of plant species and plant furnishings. In addition, manifestation of artistic beauty of the classical Suzhou gardens was explored, and protective measures were given.

Gardening Art of Qianlu Villa in Ancient Huishan Town of Wuxi City,China

Qianlu Villa is a private garden owned by YANG Zong-lian (1832-1905,Yifang is his style name),a government official in the end of the Qing Dynasty.There are only a few private gardens in that period,Qianlu Villa stands out for its compact layouts and artful designs,its gardening concepts and cultural connotations are of great referential value to understand garden styles in the southern regions of the Yangtze River and traditional Chinese gardening arts.By analyzing seclusion culture and Fengshui doctrines implied in Qianlu Villa,as well as its water layouts,Qianlu Villa is divided into two major areas:eastern area and western area,the former includes mainly halls which are symmetrically designed along the central axis,and the latter indicates mainly residential spaces in a free layout.Gardening arts such as divided scenery,borrowing scenery,winding scenery and traditional gardening techniques such as stone layouts in Qianlu Villa are pointed out,"virtue-like" attributes of plants are utilized to create cultural and artistic concepts.Metaphor and symbolism are applied in the landscaping via garden ornamentals,in this study,the frequently-applied crane ornamentals and special "卐" pavement patterns are introduced to demonstrate the significance of interpreting ornamentals for exploring cultural connotations of Qianlu Villa.

Gardening Art of Gu Dongyang's Memorial Temple in Wuxi City,Jiangsu Province

On the basis of explaining goals of building temple gardens,Gu Dongyang’s Memorial Temple in Wuxi City was taken for example to analyze its gardening arts from the perspective of water layout,stone layout,building and plant design,and elaborate its cultural connotations from decorative symbols of its architectural components.It was concluded that Gu Dongyang’s Memorial Temple,in spite of its small size and plain style,had profound historical background and high referential value for furthering the study on temple gardens in the south of the Yangtze River.

Application Research on Formal Composition Design in United States Botanic Garden

United States Botanic Garden(USBG) was taken for example to systematically demonstrate the role of formal composition in garden landscape design.Application cases were used to analyze formal composition of plant landscapes in USBG.Point plant landscapes lay the foundation of all other forms,concentrated and centripetal effects of which can form comparisons according to size of plant.Line is the trace of moving points,and linear plant landscapes indicate those formed by using thick,thin,long,short,square,round,curved and straight "lines".And surface plant landscapes are to form contrastive images or scenic areas by using plant clusters.Finally,concrete cases were given to analyze flowerpot selection and combination for creating point,linear and surface potted plant landscapes,and to provide detailed reference for the plant design of modern Chinese gardens.

Building Landscape Art with Study of Buddhism in Poetry and Drawing

Many aspects have very important effects on garden art,such as landscape poetry,landscape painting,or related poetic theory,painting theory.Among them,the characteristics of the Buddhism of poetry and painting provide a basis on creating Zen State in garden.The ideal state of poetry constitutes the aesthetic realm of garden and its gardening techniques.

Appreciation of Chinese Garden Composition from Multiple Perspectives

This article observes the composition of Chinese gardening arts in light of philosophy,aesthetics of painting,stylistics and culture,and tries to explore the correlation between artistic composition and garden composition.

Study on Gardening Photography

Through analyzing the concept,development history and works of gardening photography,unique status and charm of gardening photography in the field of photography art was explored.It was proposed that professional knowledge about gardening disciplines should be grasped,and the shoot targets shouid be fully investigated to present excellent works of gardening photography.In addition,photographers should have strong artistic sense,and be able to grasp the means of expressing image language,so that they will produce works with outstanding themes,proper light,concise composition,harmonious hue color and shadow tone.Sophisticated equipment and post processing skills are also needed.

Analysis of Construction Techniques of Huishan Garden in Wuxi City,China

History of Huishan Garden in Wuxi City was introduced,spatial layout design of the garden analyzed.Its two functional areas(ancestral hall building area and affiliated garden area) mainly adopted the inward layout.Landscaping elements of the garden were particularly analyzed,it was proposed that the garden adopted intensive water layout,that is,the static waterscape design;its rockeries were all designed by water,showing perfect site selection,modeling and function;garden buildings were mostly designed in Huizhou style and in low density;landscape design involved diversified plant species,dominated by evergreen species and decorated by deciduous arbors.The author also summarized the utilization of landscaping techniques in Huishan Garden,including borrowed scenery,enframed scenery and obstructive scenery.

Poetizing Art of Enframed Scenery

Enframed scenery was classified into 4 categories:door and window enframed scenery,railing and column enframed scenery,tree enframed scenery,cave and crack enframed scenery.Demonstration of poetizing art in such 4 categories of enframed scenery was analyzed,application of enframed scenery in modern landscape architecture was introduced,and cultural connotations of enframed scenery were further explored.

Based on the Art Model of “3A” in Experimental Base, Research and Practice on the Cultivation of Innovation Ability of Landscape Art Curriculum

The art course of garden design specialty is an important basic course.In view of the problems existing in the teaching of art course,practical training in practice base is an important way to improve the students’professional theoretical knowledge and innovative practical ability.In addition,the art curriculum reform and practical research are carried out with the aim of Aesthetic+Ability+Apply.

Evolution of Islamic geometric patterns

This research demonstrates the suitability of applying Islamic geometrical patterns （IGPs） to architectural elements in terms of time scale accuracy and style matching. To this end, a detailed survey is conducted on the decorative patterns of 100 surviving buildings in the Muslim architectural world. The patterns are analyzed and chronologically organized to determine the earliest surviving examples of these adorable ornaments. The origins and radical artistic movements throughout the history of IGPs are identified. With consideration for regional impact, this study depicts the evolution of IGPs, from the early stages to the late 18th century.

ALPHA SPACE-WHERE PLANTS FLY BEYOND THE VERTICAL GARDEN

In 1996,my interests as a passionate gardener and photo-based artist,that both dated from the 1970s,collided when I made the connection that plants are actually a form of photography;(photography from the Greek-meaning light drawing).Both photography and plants use the magical,mysterious ingredient that is LIGHT and the essential force that drives life on the planet.In fact,the largest photosensitive emulsion we know of is the planet earth.I draw inspiration and endless fascination from the awareness that the earth rotates in space and orbits the sun at a precise distance for the sun’s radiation to affect the elegant process of photosynthesis through the myriad of plants that have evolved and grow on the planet.The earth is a three dimensional living photograph.The atmosphere and biosphere are also key factors that mediate the harshness of radiation bombarding the earth and nurture life on the planet that we know and depend upon.The process is an amazing thing and something we should revere and protect.Imagine the earth as a basket ball,wrapped in the thinnest paper you could find.The thickness of this delicate paper is equivalent to the atmosphere,and the depth of the paper’s texture is thicker than the tallest trees,even thicker than the tallest high rise buildings!Image sequences from NASSA shows how vegetation grows,dies back,changes colour with the seasons,how the“photographic image”that is our planet alters.Increasingly human intervention plays a larger role in transforming the image of the globe we inhabit.Imagine foliated land as a photo-sensor(like in a digital camera).

浅析伊斯兰园林建筑的地域化表现

分析介绍伊斯兰园林建筑为适应自然条件和文化背景,在建筑材料选择、建筑构件及建筑装饰设计方面所具有的风格和特点,阐述伊斯兰园林建筑在塑造空间、生态效应、生产生活等方面的作用。研究结果表明:伊斯兰园林建筑具有强烈地域文化特征。

苏州园林艺术在文创包装上的延续

苏州古典园林和现代文创包装是两种不同时代、不同功能的空间形式。对苏州园林艺术在文创包装设计中合理应用的剖析,既是对传统文化精髓的保护,也是古为今用,将传统艺术经典在现代延续应用的有效途径。

苏州园林艺术在当代城市公共空间的更新应用

古典园林是苏州重要的物质文化遗产。对园林艺术在苏州当代城市公共空间应用的剖析,不但是对古城历史文化精髓的保护,也能通过新形式、新材料、新科技的转化,使古典园林艺术得到更新应用,更符合现代城市功能需求和审美趋向。

垂直花园艺术设计对城市空气环境质量和热岛效应的影响

在当前全球环境污染对人类健康带来不断威胁的背景下,提升城市环境质量成为全球决策者的紧迫任务.该研究专注于亲生物设计下的一项创新城市设计理念——花园艺术,特别是垂直花园建筑,通过将自然生物元素融入城市景观,为改善城市环境质量提供了新的路径.利用模拟软件Design Builder,对垂直花园建筑与传统建筑进行了对比分析,侧重评估了垂直花园中的绿色屋顶和墙壁在提高城市空气质量以及最大程度减少城市热岛效应方面的贡献.模拟结果显示,与传统建筑相比垂直花园建筑在多个方面均具有显著优势,可使空气温度降低4℃,辐射表面温度减少6.86%,雨水径流减少63.5%,降低40分贝以上的噪音水平,并能够降低总能耗和区域供冷需求.