Community Structure of Fish in Nanji Islands National Nature Reserve and Its Relationship with Environmental Variation

Community structure of fish in relation to environmental variation was investigated in Nanji Islands National Nature Reserve (NINNR). In order to test this relationship, we delineated 25 survey stations with bottom trawling and measured environmental variables. Samples were taken from November 2013 (autumn), February 2014 (winter), May 2014 (spring) and September 2014 (summer). We found a very strong correlation in space and time between temperature and salinity;abundance and biomass in winter;depth and DO in summer then a strong correlation was found respectively between temperature and biomass;salinity and biomass in winter too and finally a moderate correlation between depth and biomass in spring, (P-value < 0.01) with positive correlation (that the other variable or factor has a tendency to increase). We also found out a negative correlation (P-value < 0.05), respectively between salinity and DO;DO and chlorophyll in summer;temperature and salinity;salinity and DO in spring period (mean that the other variable or factor has a tendency to decrease). A negative correlation observed between temperature, salinity and chlorophyll in winter, spring and autumn period were due by a temperature and salinity window open for species blooms through the movement of the TWC and Jiangzhe coastal current close to shore. By comparing diversity of fish species with environmental factors, the community structure of fish varied significantly as physicochemical parameters changed between different stations for each season. As results and according to the species referencing of environmental factors;species diversity, abundance and evenness vary among different stations, corresponding to significant differences of environmental factors (e.g. physicochemical parameters and chlorophyll-a concentration in different sites). Species richness of microfauna was negatively correlated with salinity levels. Furthermore, they were related to the fish community according to the results. This may be due to the fish community’s adaptability in these different variations of environmental factors, but only tolerant members remaining.

Research on Environmental Problems during Island Tourism Development in China

Due to the weakness of island eco-environment and the dependence of tourism development on island environment,it urgently needs to make a study on environmental problems during island tourism development,so as to provide a reference for the sustainable development of island tourism.The paper has concluded Chinese island environmental characteristics,analyzed the current situation of island tourism development and discussed environmental problems during island tourism development.On this basis,it has proposed some suggestions for island tourism environment protection.It should take island eco-environment protection as the premise and complete relevant laws and regulations;take foreign island tourism development as the reference,plan scientifically and build island eco-tourism mode;improve island infrastructures,prevent environmental pollution and protect island tourism environment with the government as the guidance;establish island environment monitoring station and tourism information monitoring station;enhance eco-environment protection education and cultivate responsible tourists and tourism staff;and intensify island supervision and regularize island tourism order.

Huanggang Intrusive Complexin Northern Tongbai Area:Island-Arc Tectonic Environment and Its Geological Significance

The Huanggang intrusive complex in northern Tongbai area was formed in Early Paleozoic. It mainly consists of ultra basic, basic, intermediate and acid rocks, dominated by intermediate and basic rocks. The complex belongs to calc alkaline series. Geochemical characteristics of major and trace elements show that the complex was derived from the fractional crystallization of co source magma. It is suggested that the complex was formed in island arc tectonic environment and was closely related to the northward subduction of the Erlangping back arc basin. Thus, the subduction of the back arc basin can induce the island arc type magmatism similar to the one formed in the setting of ocean plate subduction.

Seasonal variations in the phytoplankton community and the relationship between environmental factors of the sea around Xiaoheishan Island in China

Seasonal variations in the phytoplankton community and the relationship between environmental factors of the sea area around Xiaoheishan Island are investigated in the present study. Xiaoheishan Island is located at 37°58′14″N and 120°38′46″E in Shandong Province, China. A total of 65 species of phytoplankton belonging to three phyla and 27 genera were identified, with Bacillariophyta having the largest number of species. The annual average chlorophyll a concentration for this area was 3.11 μg/L, and there occurs a Skeletonema costatum bloom in winter. The Shannon-Weaver indexes(log_2) of the phytoplankton from all stations were higher than 1, and the Pielou indexes were all higher than 0.3. The results of the canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) indicated that water temperature, PO_4^(3ˉ) and Cu were the environmental factors that had the greatest influence on the distribution of the phytoplankton community throughout the entire year. Although the concentration of heavy metal is well up to the state standards of the first grade of China(GB 3097-1997), these metals still have an impact on the phytoplankton community from this area.

Classifying the sedimentary environments of the Xincun Lagoon,Hainan Island,by system cluster and principal component analyses

An understanding of the sedimentary environment in relation to its controlling factors is of great importance in coastal geomorphology,ecology,tourism and aquaculture studies.We attempt to deal with this issue,using a case study from the Xincun Lagoon,Hainan Island in southern China.For the study,surficial sediment samples were collected,together with hydrodynamic and bathymetric surveys,during August 2013.Numerical simulation was carried out to obtain high-spatial resolution tidal current data.The sediment samples were analyzed to derive mean grain size,sorting coefficient,skewness and kurtosis,together with the sand,silt and clay contents.The modern sedimentary environments were classified using system cluster and principal component analyses.Grain size analysis reveals that the sediments are characterized by extremely slightly sandy silty mud（ESSSM） and slightly silty sand（SSS）,which are distributed in the central lagoon and near-shore shallow water areas,respectively.Mean grain size varies from 0 to 8.0Ф,with an average of 4.6Ф.The silt content is the highest,i.e.,52% on average,with the average contents of sand and clay being 43% and 5%,respectively.There exists a significant correlation between mean size and water depth,suggesting that the surficial sediments become finer with increasing water depth.Cluster analyses reveals two groups of samples.The first group is characterized by mean grain size of more than 5.5Ф,whilst the second group has mean grain size of below 3.5Ф.Further,these groups also have different correlations between mean grain size and the other grain size parameters.In terms of the tidal current,the average values of the root mean square velocity（RMSV） are 7.5 cm/s and 6.9 cm/s on springs and neaps,respectively.For the RMSVs that are higher than 4 cm/s,a significant positive correlation is found between the content of the 63–125 μm fraction and the RMSV,suggesting that the RMSV determines the variability of the very fine sand fraction.Based on system cluster and principal component analyses（PCA）,the modern sedimentary environments are classified into three types according to the grain size parameters,RMSVs and water depth data.The results suggest the importance of grain size parameters and high-spatial resolution hydrodynamic data in differentiating the coastal sedimentary environments.

The Environmental Effects of Tourism Architecture on Island Ecosystem in Cayo Guillermo, Cuba

The objective of this study is to determine the main adverse impacts that may be caused by tourism architecture upon island ecosystems consisting of small islands or islets and to propose an architectural and landscape design with a focus on the environmental sustainability of the same. A study of projects was undertaken in Cayo Guillermo, located to the north of Ciego de Avila in Cuba using methods of life-cycle assessment of buildings, matrix methods of the activities that caused severe environmental impact and statistical processing through multivariate analysis. Conclusions were reached on the need for designs that did not harm the ecosystems of islands with high ecological fragility. It has been determined that suitable construction intervention would decrease the negative impact and would allow the natural resources of these valuable ecosystems that are the basis for responsible sun and sand tourism to be preserved.

Durability of Concrete with Different Improvement Measures and Its Ser-vice Life Prediction in Island and Reef Environment

To solve the durability of island and reef concrete engineering in the harsh environment of high temperature,high salt,high humidity and windy,the strength grade of concrete and the type of corrosion inhibitor were used as the influence factors,while the relative dynamic elastic modulus was used as the evaluation index.In addition,the law and time variability of the deterioration of concrete,the size effect,environmental similarity and the service life model were studied.The results showed that improving the strength grade of concrete could improve the durability of concrete,and corrosion inhibitor could slightly improve the durability of concrete.Time-varying law of the deterioration of concrete conformed to the univariate quadratic polynomial.Combined with the concrete damage equivalent theory,a size effect model based on the relative dynamic elastic modulus was proposed and verified,and the size effect coefficient was also given.An environmental similarity model between simulated and practical island and reef environment was proposed.Combined with the reliability theory and the first order second moment method,a new service life model of concrete structure was proposed.The authors were convinced that the research will be advantageous to researchers.

海南岛4—9月短时强降水的天气型和环境参数特征

利用海南岛加密自动站逐小时降水资料、ERA5再分析资料,对海南岛短时强降水日环流配置进行了天气学分型,并进一步探讨了各天气型下海南岛短时强降水的时空分布、环流形势和关键环境参数特征。结果表明:(1)海南岛短时强降水有明显的日变化特征,呈单峰型,主要出现在15:00—19:00。(2)海南岛短时强降水的天气型主要有南海低压槽、华南沿海槽、西南低压槽和冷锋型。(3)南海低压槽、华南沿海槽、西南低压槽和冷锋型短时强降水分别占37%,31%,16%和16%。南海低压槽和华南沿海槽型主要出现在7、8和9月;西南低压槽型除9月外,其余各月份均可能出现;冷锋型绝大多数出现在4、5月。(4)南海低压槽和华南沿海槽型整层湿度条件都较好,不稳定能量较大,垂直风切变较弱。西南低压槽型不稳定能量较大,湿度条件一般,垂直风切变较弱。冷锋型存在明显的上干下湿特征,垂直风切变最大,0~6 km风速差75%分位大于10 m/s,不稳定能量最小。

从地理到风景:海岛聚落介入环境的适宜性演变——以平潭地区为例

海岛,因其隔绝的地理环境而具有独特的景观资源,在当下休闲旅游市场中具有不可替代性和可持续发展的必要性。旅游要素的介入推动海岛聚落从依赖地理环境的实用导向,向追求风景的方向转型加速。文章以平潭地区为例,分析并总结海岛聚落演变的环境驱动因素,揭示聚落边界、空间结构与建筑单体介入环境的适宜性演变规律,并探索其适宜性发展途径,以期为未来海岛聚落空间的更新提供参考,进而推进海岛的可持续发展。

中国人对西沙群岛历史认知与风力、潮流、海浪作用下的变迁研究

通过研究西沙群岛的历史认识和地理环境演变,强调了地理特征和稳定性的重要性,以及风力、潮流和海浪对其造成的影响。研究表明:1)中国人至迟在汉代对“岛”和“沙洲”就有了较为理性的认知,岛屿的形成具有悠久的历史,形成于4000年以上,地势相对较高,不易被海水淹没。相反,沙洲是相对年轻的地貌,其地势较低,容易受到自然因素的影响。2)风力、潮流和巨浪对西沙群岛地貌的变化有重要影响。风力和巨浪堆积沙洲,但同时也能导致其消失在海平面以下。潮流的周期性变化也对这些岛屿和沙洲的稳定性产生重要影响。这些变迁不仅是地貌的动态展现,也与海洋生物数量下降趋势密切相关。综合分析表明,岛和沙洲在地理特征和稳定性上存在明显差异。西沙群岛地貌的变迁是自然因素与人类活动交互作用的结果。文章有助于更好地了解西沙群岛的演化过程,以及保护和改善这一地区的生态环境方面的实际需求。

以生物蜇伤为代表的环境性急症调查及预防策略

目的了解某岛礁生物蜇伤的流行现况及驻礁人员对岛礁环境性急症的认知情况。方法根据某岛礁就诊情况结合岛礁实地走访调查自行设计无记名问卷,采用方便抽样法抽取270名驻礁人员进行调查。结果共发放270份问卷,回收有效问卷254份,有效率为94.07%。254名驻礁人员中,共164人(64.57%)有蜇伤史,中位蜇伤次数为2(0,5)次,主要临床症状为局部肿痛(142例,86.59%)、瘙痒(110人,67.07%)。驻礁人员岛礁环境性急症相关急救知识得分为14(11,17)分(满分为26分)。绝大多数驻礁人员(227人,89.37%)认为有必要了解岛礁环境性急症相关知识,大多数驻礁人员(186人,73.23%)希望通过单位授课的形式进行学习。结论以生物蜇伤为代表的岛礁环境性急症危害较大,需要开展多重预防及环境治理措施,还应针对驻礁人员特点开展规律、长效、规范的科普知识培训。

太湖西山岛秋季大型底栖动物群落分布格局及其环境影响因子分析

以太湖西山岛内流域大型底栖动物群落为研究对象,于2022年9月开展了太湖西山岛内流域的大型底栖动物调查。采用RDA分析和Spearman相关性分析探讨了大型底栖动物群落结构与环境因子之间的关系。研究表明:太湖西山岛流域大型底栖动物调查发现底栖动物5纲17种,包括腹足纲(Gastropoda Cuvier)、寡毛纲(Oligochaeta)、甲壳纲(Crustacea)、昆虫纲(Insecta)、双壳纲(Lamellibranchia),其中腹足纲的螺类调查到6种,占78.7%,双壳纲发现5种,占16.3%,寡毛纲水丝蚓发现3种,占0.7%,甲壳纲发现2种,占3%,昆虫纲发现1种,占1.3%。大型底栖动物群落结构存在着显著的空间差异性,按照采样点位置分类可分为2组;两组数据群落结构组成都较为相似,其中霍甫水丝蚓、中华齿米虾、摇蚊属一种、长角涵螺、豌豆蚬属一种仅在湖滨带检出。巨毛水丝蚓、大沼螺、扭蚌仅在内流域河流中检出。通过Spearman相关性分析表明,影响太湖西山岛内大型底栖动物空间分布的环境因子主要包括总氮、氨氮、溶解性固体总量、溶解氧,影响大型底栖动物群落丰度的主要环境因子为总氮和叶绿素a。水环境因子显示出了对大型底栖动物群落结构和多样性的影响,表明西山岛流域生态系统多受到人为活动的影响。减少水质污染是西山岛流域水生生态系统修复的重要环节。

长岛海域海洋浮游生物和底栖生物的季节变化规律及相互关系

为了明确长岛海域海洋生物的季节性变化规律及相互用关系,于2019-2021年春季和秋季对浮游植物、浮游动物以及底栖生物的多样性、群落结构及物种丰度进行了详细分析。浮游植物受季节影响较大,其物种数目和多样性在秋季显著高于春季。浮游植物和浮游动物的物种丰度均在2021年秋季呈爆发式增长,主要的优势种为圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus sp.)和双壳类(Bivalvia)幼体。温度、pH、溶解氧含量和活性磷酸盐含量等均对群落组成具有明显影响,底栖生物群落受环境因子的影响小于浮游植物和浮游动物。浮游植物、浮游动物和底栖生物之间复杂的网络相关性构成了该海域复杂的食物网结构。深入的统计分析表明了长岛海域环境因子对3种海洋生物季节变化的影响及海洋生物间复杂的相互作用关系。

基于Mike研究舟山团鸡山岛微塑料泄露的迁移分布及影响

微塑料作为一类新兴污染物,已被证实,浓度过高会危害海洋生物的健康,而舟山团鸡山岛垃圾填埋场是一个潜在的微塑料的污染源,若管理不善导致微塑料泄露,可能会对舟山网箱养殖的发展及海水环境造成极大威胁。基于此,本文通过建立模型,研究当团鸡山微塑料泄露后,微塑料的迁移特性及分布规律,同时分析可能对舟山渔业带来的影响。研究表明,微塑料的迁移将受到季节性洋流和季风的作用,存在明显的季节分布规律和迁移特性。其浓度分布除大量聚集在释放点附近外,还会聚集在舟山岛与宁波之间的深水航道中,春季、夏季、秋季和冬季深水航道中的微塑料占比分别为38%、36%、44%和42%。在冬季,大概2%的微塑料会进入到象山湾,对象山湾的网箱养殖带来一定影响。此外,本文探讨了微塑料的分布与海洋锋面的关系,研究表明,锋面会阻止微塑料向外扩散而聚集在近海。本研究将有助于深入了解近海微塑料污染,同时为微塑料污染的控制提供理论依据。

福州琅岐岛不同林下外来植物入侵对比研究

外来植物入侵严重威胁海岛生物和生态安全。为探究琅岐岛台湾相思、朴树、柠檬桉林下草本层外来入侵植物的入侵状况及其与本地植物的种间关系,采用α多样性、生态位、种间联结、入侵性分析比较了不同林下外来入侵植物的多样性、生态位特征、外来入侵植物与本土植物的种间关系及入侵程度。结果表明:3种林下共调查到10种外来入侵草本植物,隶属于5科8属,其中三叶鬼针草的生态位宽度和重要值最大,在3种林下入侵广泛;柠檬桉林的外来入侵草本植物Shannon-Wiener指数显著高于朴树林,3种林下外来入侵草本植物的Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson优势度均无显著差异;3种林下多数外来入侵草本植物与本地优势植物生态位重叠程度和种间联结性均较低,种间竞争较弱;朴树和柠檬桉林草本群落的入侵强度系数和群落可入侵系数显著高于台湾相思林;3种林下多数外来入侵种与本地优势植物的竞争尚不激烈,但三叶鬼针草的入侵优势大,需要加强防控,同时保护群落灌草结构及物种多样性有助于提升群落对外来入侵种的抵抗力。

2021—2022年春、秋季嵊泗列岛浮游植物群落状况及长期变化特征

为更好地了解嵊泗列岛海域在人类活动和气候变暖影响下的生态现状以及变化特征,于2020年秋季和2021年春季在该海域进行了浮游植物的拖网与水样采集及环境要素分析。水采样品中共检出浮游植物6门54属105种。其中,硅藻33属68种,甲藻14属30种,蓝藻、金藻和隐藻各2属2种,绿藻1属1种。春、秋季浮游植物主要优势种为骨条藻(Skeletonema spp.),并在秋季占据绝对优势(Y=0.975)。春季平均细胞丰度[(7.17±7.78)个/mL]明显低于秋季[(77.23±73.44)个/mL]。春季Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均高于秋季。Spearman相关分析表明,浮游植物丰度与水温和透明度呈显著正相关,与盐度呈显著负相关。冗余分析显示,浮游植物群落组成与水温、营养盐密切相关。网采样品中共检出浮游植物4门46属94种,硅藻占比最大;春、秋季平均细胞丰度分别为838.17×10^(3)和19406.43×10^(3)个/m^(3)。与水样相比,骨条藻仍为主要优势种,且优势度更高;网采获得的秋季多样性指数和均匀度指数(分别为0.23和0.05)低于水采(分别为0.38和0.10)。将本次网采结果与1990年、2007年调查资料对比发现,嵊泗列岛春、秋季浮游植物群落组成发生了明显改变:丰度明显升高,硅甲藻占比无明显变化,暖水种种类数明显增加,骨条藻优势地位增强,多样性指数和均匀度指数下降。这可能与变暖与富营养化加剧相关。近30年来,溶解无机氮在春季无显著变化,但在秋季显著升高;活性磷酸盐浓度在春、秋季均显著降低;氮磷比在春、秋季均显著升高。浮游植物的变化特征较好地指示了嵊泗列岛海域在富营养化和气候变暖下的生态环境变化。

火电机组环保岛排放指标协同智能优化技术的研究与应用

燃煤电厂超低排放环保岛的主要排放指标是NO_(x)、SO_(2)和烟尘,这三个指标虽然有独立的脱除设备,但是互相存在着协同脱除作用。基于电厂历史运行大数据和人工智能算法,可以建立在不同机组负荷、煤质(低位热值、灰分、水分、硫分)工况条件下,以NO_(x)、SO_(2)和烟尘排放达标为前提的,环保岛整体经济性最优化标杆工况库,基于此标杆库对环保岛的实时运行进行指导,可以减少环保岛的运行成本。研究成果在某350 MW燃煤发电机组的实际生产应用结果表明,协同智能优化后的环保岛脱硝、脱硫、除尘装置相比优化前,可分别节约运行成本7%、12%和30%。

福建海岛桃金娘叶功能性状及其对环境的响应

为研究桃金娘(Rhodomyrtus tomentosa)的叶功能性状及其与环境因子的关系,揭示海岛桃金娘灌丛对环境变化的适应策略。以福建省沿海的东山岛、粗芦岛、目屿岛、西洛岛的桃金娘为对象,通过测定桃金娘9项叶功能性状及17项环境因子,分析了环境因子对桃金娘叶功能性状的影响。结果表明,桃金娘的叶功能性状变异系数介于0.94%~16.93%,其中叶磷含量变异幅度最大(16.93%),叶碳含量变异幅度最小(0.94%),整体上桃金娘叶功能性状相对保持稳定。桃金娘叶功能性状间存在一定的相关性,且各功能性状间关系紧密。冗余分析发现,福建海岛桃金娘的叶功能性状主要受土壤全钾、土壤全氮、风速、年均温等环境因子的影响。研究结果表明,桃金娘的叶片可以通过一定的性状变异和组合来较好地适应海岛恶劣的环境。通过这项研究,可以更好地了解桃金娘对各种海岛环境的反应特征,更好地了解它们的生态策略,这将为保护和合理利用桃金娘野生种质资源以及维护海岛植被提供重要的参考。

基于环境DNA技术的南极欺骗岛海域鱼类物种多样性

欺骗岛是位于南极南设得兰群岛西南方向的火山岛,该岛附近海域受岛上活火山的影响显著,生物资源丰富。为探究该海域内鱼类物种组成,本实验通过对欺骗岛海域环境DNA(eDNA)样本采集、高通量测序开展鱼类物种多样性研究。结果显示,从欺骗岛海域5个采样站点的环境样本中共检测出南极鱼类1目6科23属31种,调查得到的大部分鱼类物种均在以往南极传统渔业资源调查中出现。eDNA序列相对丰度最高的鱼类物种为裘氏鳄头冰鱼和花纹南极鱼,分别占鱼类总丰度的53.52%和28.27%。近岸站点和远岸站点间的α和β多样性的各项指数差异较大,但远岸站点间鱼类物种组成相差不大。研究表明,环境DNA技术作为传统渔业调查方法的补充,对环境干扰小,可以对欺骗岛海域鱼类物种多样性进行快速检测。本研究结果可为欺骗岛海域的鱼类多样性监测和渔业资源管理与保护提供数据支持。

半自然退塘还林模式下红树林生态环境特征及其物种多样性动态变化分析

红树林是地球上生物多样性最丰富和生产力最高的生态系统之一,是抵御台风、海啸和风暴潮等灾害的生态屏障,也是众多鱼虾蟹贝、昆虫和鸟类的重要栖息地。以海南省昌江黎族自治县珠碧江河口湿地为研究对象,于2021年5月至2023年10月开展生态环境和动植物群体调研。采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数进行红树林物种多样性评价,并运用Canoco5.0进行相关性分析。结果表明:1)随着退塘还林年限的增加,水体中硝酸盐氮、活性磷酸盐含量呈下降趋势,半自然退塘还林模式在一定程度上改善了水环境质量;2)在各退塘还林阶段,底栖动物和鱼类多样性均呈现先降后升的趋势,退塘还林区物种多样性和生态系统功能得到了一定的提升;3)水体温度和沉积物p H与红树林物种多样性指数呈显著相关,在未来红树林修复过程中需给予更多关注。