Lake Issyk-Kul is the seventh deepest lake in the world situated inCentral Asiain theTien-ShanMountainsat the elevation of 1607 m above sea level. This area belongs toKyrgyzstan. From 1927 to 1997 the water level decr...Lake Issyk-Kul is the seventh deepest lake in the world situated inCentral Asiain theTien-ShanMountainsat the elevation of 1607 m above sea level. This area belongs toKyrgyzstan. From 1927 to 1997 the water level decreased by 3.4 m, and increased by 0.93 m from 1997 to 2011. The article analyzes the impact of the global warming on the Lake Issyk-Kul thermal regime and the components of its water balance: river discharge, precipitation, evaporation and lake level variations. It shows that the global warming has entailed the increase of the Lake Issyk-Kul water temperature down to the maximum depths, and river discharge increase due to the glaciers melting and the evaporation from the lake surface. The air temperature increase of 1 ℃ results in river discharge increas and lake level rise of 44 mm/year and surface evaporation increase of 88 mm/year. TheLakeIssyk-Kullevel increase after 1997, which takes place in the situation of global warming, was caused by the activation of the West air masses transport and increase of precipitation in autumn.展开更多
As organchlorine pesticides(OCPs) may be an ecologic threat to mountain environments due to their tendency to deposit and accumulate in mountain regions undergoing long-range air transport, OCPs were analyzed in soils...As organchlorine pesticides(OCPs) may be an ecologic threat to mountain environments due to their tendency to deposit and accumulate in mountain regions undergoing long-range air transport, OCPs were analyzed in soils collected from an intermontane basin of the western Tian Shan Mountains, which is the UNESCO protected natural reserve of Issyk-Kul. Total OCP concentrations in the Issyk-Kul region ranged from 4.63 to 414 ng/g dw, of which two extraordinary high OCP concentrations(414 ng/g dw and 213 ng/g dw, respectively) influenced by an abandoned dumping site and urban sewage, respectively, were found. Principal component analysis(PCA) and correlation analysis inferred that the OCP inputs in the east of the Issyk-Kul region were mainly from local endogenous sources, and exogenous input via LRAT processes were prominent in the west and south. Additionally, the isomeric and parent substance/metabolite ratios revealed most pesticides accumulated in this region were from old usage, while DDTs had fresh input because of possibly illegal regional application and a slow degradation from the dumping site. Furthermore, ecological risk assessment revealed that no frequently adverse ecological effects were observed in the Issyk-Kul region, but potential risks on neighbouring organisms induced by p,p'-DDT and γ-HCH in dumping site and urban sewage should be considered when devising an efficient management plan to prevent secondary pollution.展开更多
文摘Lake Issyk-Kul is the seventh deepest lake in the world situated inCentral Asiain theTien-ShanMountainsat the elevation of 1607 m above sea level. This area belongs toKyrgyzstan. From 1927 to 1997 the water level decreased by 3.4 m, and increased by 0.93 m from 1997 to 2011. The article analyzes the impact of the global warming on the Lake Issyk-Kul thermal regime and the components of its water balance: river discharge, precipitation, evaporation and lake level variations. It shows that the global warming has entailed the increase of the Lake Issyk-Kul water temperature down to the maximum depths, and river discharge increase due to the glaciers melting and the evaporation from the lake surface. The air temperature increase of 1 ℃ results in river discharge increas and lake level rise of 44 mm/year and surface evaporation increase of 88 mm/year. TheLakeIssyk-Kullevel increase after 1997, which takes place in the situation of global warming, was caused by the activation of the West air masses transport and increase of precipitation in autumn.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Pan-Third Pole Environment Study for a Green Silk Road (Grant No.XDA2006030101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.41671200,U1603242,41671477)
文摘As organchlorine pesticides(OCPs) may be an ecologic threat to mountain environments due to their tendency to deposit and accumulate in mountain regions undergoing long-range air transport, OCPs were analyzed in soils collected from an intermontane basin of the western Tian Shan Mountains, which is the UNESCO protected natural reserve of Issyk-Kul. Total OCP concentrations in the Issyk-Kul region ranged from 4.63 to 414 ng/g dw, of which two extraordinary high OCP concentrations(414 ng/g dw and 213 ng/g dw, respectively) influenced by an abandoned dumping site and urban sewage, respectively, were found. Principal component analysis(PCA) and correlation analysis inferred that the OCP inputs in the east of the Issyk-Kul region were mainly from local endogenous sources, and exogenous input via LRAT processes were prominent in the west and south. Additionally, the isomeric and parent substance/metabolite ratios revealed most pesticides accumulated in this region were from old usage, while DDTs had fresh input because of possibly illegal regional application and a slow degradation from the dumping site. Furthermore, ecological risk assessment revealed that no frequently adverse ecological effects were observed in the Issyk-Kul region, but potential risks on neighbouring organisms induced by p,p'-DDT and γ-HCH in dumping site and urban sewage should be considered when devising an efficient management plan to prevent secondary pollution.
